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作物学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (5): 929-941.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2021.01047

• 耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇    下一篇

间作小麦光合性能对地上地下互作强度的响应

王一帆(), 殷文, 胡发龙, 范虹, 樊志龙, 赵财, 于爱忠, 柴强*()   

  1. 甘肃省干旱生境作物学重点实验室 / 甘肃农业大学农学院, 甘肃兰州 730070
  • 收稿日期:2020-06-08 接受日期:2020-11-13 出版日期:2021-05-12 网络出版日期:2020-12-22
  • 通讯作者: 柴强
  • 作者简介:E-mail: wangyf@gsau.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(31771738);甘肃农业大学伏羲青年人才培育项目(Gaufx-03Y10)

Response of photosynthetic performance of intercropped wheat to interaction intensity between above- and below-ground

WANG Yi-Fan(), YIN Wen, HU Fa-Long, FAN Hong, FAN Zhi-Long, ZHAO Cai, YU Ai-Zhong, CHAI Qiang*()   

  1. Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Arid Land Crop Science / College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, China
  • Received:2020-06-08 Accepted:2020-11-13 Published:2021-05-12 Published online:2020-12-22
  • Contact: CHAI Qiang
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China(31771738);Fuxi Young Talents Fund of Gansu Agricultural University(Gaufx-03Y10)

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摘要：

本研究旨在探讨地上地下互作强度对间作小麦光合性能的影响, 为进一步揭示间作体系作物产量优势的光合机制提供依据。2015—2017年连续3年在河西绿洲灌区进行田间试验, 以小麦间作玉米为研究对象, 设置地下部3种互作强度: 根系不分隔(完全地下互作处理, W/M)、300目尼龙网分隔(部分地下互作处理, NW/M)和0.12 mm塑料布分隔(无地下互作处理, PW/M), 以及地上部高、低玉米密度(M1、M2) 2种互作强度, 同时设置相应单作处理。结果表明, 小麦间作玉米共生前期和后期完全地下互作处理促使小麦净光合速率(Pn)显著提高, 且共生后期玉米密度的提高促使完全地下互作效应增强, 进一步提高了小麦Pn。小麦间作玉米共生前、中和后期, 完全地下互作处理可显著提高小麦叶片气孔导度(Gs)、胞间CO2浓度(Ci), 且玉米密度提高对共生前期完全地下互作处理和部分地下互作处理小麦Gs的增加起到促进作用。在共生前期、后期完全地下互作和部分地下互作处理保持了较低的Tr。间作完全地下互作处理有助于小麦叶日积(LAD)的增加, 且随着生育进程的推进, 提高比率越大。完全地下互作处理使共生中期间作小麦叶片相对叶绿素含量值(SPAD)显著增加, 有利于光合强度的提高。间作小麦具有显著的增产效应, 完全地下互作处理中小麦籽粒产量达到相应单作产量的76.8%, 具有显著提高间作群体籽粒产量的优势, 且地上部互作强度增强有利于完全地下互作处理正效应的发挥。地上地下互作强度是影响间作小麦光合性能的重要因素之一, 在生产实践中可通过调节地上地下互作强度的强弱来优化低位作物光合性能。

关键词: 间作, 地上地下互作强度, 小麦, 光合性能, 产量

Abstract:

The purpose of this study is to explore the effects of above-ground and underground interaction intensity of intercropped population on the photosynthetic performance of intercropped wheat and to provide a basis for further revealing the photosynthetic mechanism of crop yield advantage in intercropping system. From 2015 to 2017 wheat intercropping with maize was taken as the research object. Three root separation methods were designed: no root separation (complete below-ground interaction treatment, W/M), 300 mesh nylon net separation (partial below-ground interaction treatment, NW/M), 0.12 mm plastic cloth separation (no below-ground interaction treatment, PW/M), and tow level maize densities. Meanwhile, the corresponding monocluture was carried out. The results showed that the Pn of intercropped wheat was significantly increased by the complete below-ground interaction treatment during per-symbiotic period and late symbiotic period of wheat/maize intercropping, with the increase of maize density the Pn of wheat increased during late symbiotic period. During per-symbiotic period, mid-symbiotic period and late symbiotic period of wheat/maize intercropping, the complete below-ground interaction treatment can significantly improve the Gs, Ci of intercropped wheat. The increase of maize density can promote the increase of Gs in the complete below-ground interaction treatment and partial below-ground interaction treatment during per-symbiotic period. The Tr of leaves was higher during mid-symbiotic period and late symbiotic period of wheat/maize intercropping without below-ground interaction treatment, while the Tr of leaves remained lower in both stages of complete below-ground interaction and partial below-ground interaction. Complete below-ground interaction treatment was helpful to increase the daily leaf area (LAD) in wheat, with the development of growth process, the increase ratio was larger. Complete belowground interaction treatment significantly increased the SPAD of leaves during mid-symbiotic period, which was beneficial to increase photosynthetic intensity. Intercropped wheat had significant yield-increasing effect. The grain yield of wheat under complete below-ground interaction treatment reached 76.8% of the corresponding single-cropped, which had the advantage of significantly increasing the grain yield of intercropping population. Moreover, the enhancement of above-ground interaction intensity was conducive to the positive effect of complete below-ground interaction treatment. The intensity of above- and below-ground interaction was one of the important factors affecting the photosynthetic characteristics of intercropped wheat.

Key words: intercropping, above- and below-ground interaction intensity, wheat, photosynthetic performance, yield

图1

小麦间作玉米隔根示意图 两种作物带宽均为80 cm, 玉米种2行(行距40 cm), 小麦种6行(行距12 cm), 3种隔根方式为不隔根、尼龙网隔根和塑料布隔根, 试验开始前, 在间作两种作物中间开沟, 将隔根材料垂直隔至土壤100 cm处。"

图2

不同地上地下互作强度下间作小麦净光合速率时间动态 W: 单作小麦; M1: 低密度单作玉米; M2: 高密度单作玉米; N: 尼龙网隔根; P: 塑料布隔根。误差线为标准误差。"

图3

不同地上地下互作强度下间作小麦气孔导度时间动态 W: 单作小麦; M1: 低密度单作玉米; M2: 高密度单作玉米; N: 尼龙网隔根; P: 塑料布隔根。误差线为标准误差。"

图4

不同地上地下互作强度下间作小麦胞间CO2浓度的时间动态 W: 单作小麦; M1: 低密度单作玉米; M2: 高密度单作玉米; N: 尼龙网隔根; P: 塑料布隔根。误差线为标准误差。"

图5

不同地上地下互作强度下间作小麦蒸腾速率的时间动态 W: 单作小麦; M1: 低密度单作玉米; M2: 高密度单作玉米; N: 尼龙网隔根; P: 塑料布隔根。误差线为标准误差。"

图6

不同地上地下互作强度下间作小麦相对叶绿素值的时间动态 W: 单作小麦; M1: 低密度单作玉米; M2: 高密度单作玉米; N: 尼龙网隔根; P: 塑料布隔根。误差线为标准误差。其上所标不同字母表示处理间差异显著(P < 0.05)。"

表1

不同地上地下互作强度下间作小麦不同时期的叶日积"

年份
Year		 处理
Treatment		 小麦间作玉米共生前期
Per-symbiotic period		 小麦间作玉米共生中期
Mid-symbiotic period		 小麦间作玉米共生后期
Late symbiotic period
2015 W 71.3 ab 84.9 c 55.7 cd
W/M1 75.4 a 119.2 a 76.3 a
W/M2 78.6 a 109.7 a 74.3 a
NW/M1 69.2 b 102.3 b 68.9 b
NW/M2 70.0 b 97.4 b 69.1 b
PW/M1 61.8 c 88.2 c 58.3 c
PW/M2 65.0 bc 81.9 c 52.9 d
2016 W 68.9 b 87.8 cd 55.3 d
W/M1 76.0 a 109.7 a 77.8 a
W/M2 76.4 a 105.3 ab 70.4 b
NW/M1 71.2 b 100.4 b 66.3 c
NW/M2 71.4 b 97.4 b 65.2 c
PW/M1 62.8 c 89.4 c 55.8 d
PW/M2 64.1 c 83.6 d 57.9 d
2017 W 72.8 b 88.3 b 57.6 c
W/M1 77.0 a 105.4 a 70.4 a
W/M2 76.8 a 98.7 a 72.3 a
NW/M1 65.4 c 89.3 b 66.1 b
NW/M2 70.1 b 88.8 b 60.4 b
PW/M1 59.8 d 80.2 bc 53.9 d
PW/M2 61.8 c 77.9 c 50.4 d
显著性 Significant
年际 Year (Y) NS NS NS
种植模式 Planting pattern (P) ** ** **
地下互作强度 Below-ground interaction (I) ** ** **
密度 Density (D) NS NS NS
I×D NS NS NS

表2

不同地上地下互作强度下间作小麦籽粒产量及群体籽粒产量"

处理
Treatment		 2015 2016 2017
小麦
Wheat		 总和
Total		 土地当量比LER 小麦
Wheat		 总和
Total		 土地当量比LER 小麦
Wheat		 总和
Total		 土地当量比LER
W 6070 a 6070 f 6313 a 6313 f 6182 a 6182 e
W/M1 4434 b 13,584 b 1.44 b 5327 b 15,781 bc 1.68 a 4697 c 15,279 b 1.59 a
W/M2 4514 b 15,322 a 1.53 a 5400 b 17,203 a 1.63 a 4942 b 16,641 a 1.59 a
NW/M1 4002 c 12,761 c 1.34 c 5026 c 14,926 d 1.60 a 4422 d 13,326 de 1.41 b
NW/M2 3917 c 13,769 b 1.36 b 4876 cd 16,271 b 1.52 b 4153 e 13,959 d 1.34 b
PW/M1 3451 d 11,600 e 1.20 d 4718 d 12,722 e 1.40 c 3700 f 11,859 f 1.15 c
PW/M2 3609 d 12,045 d 1.21 d 4475 e 13,626 c 1.30 d 3626 f 11,860 f 1.24 c
显著性 Significant
年际 Year (Y) NS NS NS — — — — — —
种植模式 Planting pattern (P) ** ** — ** ** — ** ** —
密度 Density (D) NS ** ** ** ** ** * ** NS
地下作用强度
Below-ground interaction (I)		 ** ** ** * ** ** ** ** **
I×D NS ** ** NS NS ** * NS **

图7

不同地上地下互作强度下间作小麦收获指数 W: 单作小麦; M1: 低密度单作玉米; M2: 高密度单作玉米; N: 尼龙网隔根; P: 塑料布隔根。误差线为标准误差。其上所标不同字母表示处理间差异显著(P < 0.05)。"

表3

籽粒产量与净光合速率、气孔导度、胞间CO2浓度、蒸腾速率、相对叶绿素值、叶日积的相关关系"

项目
Item		 指标
Index		 小麦间作玉米共生前期
Pre-symbiotic period		 小麦间作玉米共生中期
Mid-symbiotic period		 小麦间作玉米共生后期
Late symbiotic period
总产量
Total yield		 Pn 0.18 -0.26 0.13
Gs 0.53* 0.20 -0.27
Ci 0.34 0.45* 0.57**
Tr -0.39 -0.43 0.11
SPAD -0.17 0.59** 0.50*
LAD 0.42 0.52* 0.64**
小麦产量
Wheat yield		 Pn 0.11 -0.23 0.51*
Gs 0.00 -0.32 -0.05
Ci 0.09 0.17 0.19
Tr 0.46* 0.13 -0.61**
SPAD 0.85** -0.17 0.06
LAD 0.52* 0.27 0.21
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