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作物学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (1): 15-26.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2022.03055

所属专题： 玉米：综述

• 综述 • 上一篇    下一篇

玉米抗茎倒伏能力相关性状与评价研究进展

赵雪1(), 周顺利1,2,3,*()   

  1. 1中国农业大学农学院, 北京 100193
    2农业农村部作物高效用水吴桥科学观测实验站, 河北吴桥 061802
    3河北省低平原区农业技术创新中心, 河北吴桥 061802
  • 收稿日期:2020-08-30 接受日期:2021-06-16 出版日期:2022-01-12 网络出版日期:2021-06-28
  • 通讯作者: 周顺利
  • 作者简介:E-mail: 1816354813@qq.com, Tel: 010-62732557
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0300301);国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(玉米)(CARS-02-13);河北省重大科技成果转化项目资助(19057316Z)

Research progress on traits and assessment methods of stalk lodging resistance in maize

ZHAO Xue1(), ZHOU Shun-Li1,2,3,*()   

  1. 1College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
    2Scientific Observation and Experimental Station of Crop Highly Efficient Use of Water in Wuqiao, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuqiao 061802, Hebei, China
    3Innovation Center of Agricultural Technology for Lowland Plain of Hebei, Wuqiao 061802, Hebei, China
  • Received:2020-08-30 Accepted:2021-06-16 Published:2022-01-12 Published online:2021-06-28
  • Contact: ZHOU Shun-Li
  • Supported by:
    National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFD0300301);China Agriculture Research System (Maize)(CARS-02-13);NMajor Projects for Transforming Scientific and Technological Achievements of Hebei Province(19057316Z)

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摘要：

茎倒伏造成玉米产量和品质下降, 收获成本增加, 籽粒生理成熟后无法继续田间站秆脱水, 影响玉米机械化籽粒收获。关于玉米抗茎倒伏相关的性状, 前人从植株形态、节间形态、解剖结构和化学成分等方面进行了大量研究, 但结果不完全一致, 同时这些性状对茎秆抗倒性作用大小的定量研究较少。本文综述了玉米抗茎倒伏能力的评价方法和指标、茎秆力学测定方法、抗茎倒伏能力相关性状的分析方法及其影响因素, 提出了抗茎倒伏能力相关性状及评价研究中存在的问题和需要进一步关注的内容, 希望为进一步研究玉米抗茎倒伏相关性状及其评价方法, 培育抗倒伏品种和优化栽培措施提供参考。

关键词: 玉米, 茎倒伏, 评价指标, 茎秆力学性状测定, 茎倒伏相关性状

Abstract:

Maize stalk lodging causes yield loss, decreases grain quality, increases harvest costs, and makes it impossible for grain dehydration after physiological maturity which limits mechanical grain harvest. Previous researches have been conducted to study the traits related to stalk lodging, including morphological and anatomical traits, chemical constituents of the plant and internode. However, there exist some disagreements, and lack quantitative studies on stalk lodging resistance. In this study, we review the evaluation methods and indicators of stalk lodging resistance, the determination methods of mechanical properties as well as analysis methods of stalk lodging related traits and some factors that may have effects on the results. Furthermore, we put forward the existing problems in previous researches on traits and evaluation indicators related to stalk lodging resistance and the contents need to be given further attention. These results provide a reference for further study of maize stalk lodging resistance traits and evaluation methods, lodging resistance breeding and optimization of cultivation measures.

Key words: maize, stalk lodging, evaluation indicator, measurement of stalk mechanical strength, traits related stalk lodging

表1

不同倒伏时期和倒伏类型对玉米产量造成的损失"

倒伏时期
Lodging stage		 倒伏类型
Lodging type		 产量损失
Yield loss (%)		 参考文献
Reference
大喇叭口期 Big flare opening stage 根倒伏 Root lodging 1.8-36.5 李树岩等[9] Li et al. [9]
茎倒伏 Stalk lodging 25.9-29.9 李树岩等[9] Li et al. [9]
抽雄期 Tasseling stage 根倒伏 Root lodging 5.8-89.9 刘战东等[10] Liu et al. [10]
茎倒伏 Stalk lodging 18.9-27.8 曹雪梅[11] Cao [11]
吐丝期 Silking stage 根倒伏 Root lodging 13.8-44.4 So等[12] So et al. [12]
吐丝后7 d Seven days after silking 茎倒伏 Stalk lodging 45.0-50.8 程富丽等[2] Cheng et al. [2]
灌浆初期 Early filling stage 根倒伏 Root lodging 33.8-62.2 席吉龙等[13] Xi et al. [13]
灌浆期 Filling stage 根倒伏 Root lodging 27.9-40.4 李树岩等[9] Li et al. [9]
茎倒伏 Stalk lodging 39.7-54.1 李树岩等[9] Li et al. [9]

图1

茎秆弯折强度三点弯折法测定示意图[39] P为施加的外力, a为施力点离左支点的距离, L为两支点间的距离。"

图2

玉米茎秆横截面示意图[40] R为长轴半径, r为短轴半径, x与y为建立的坐标系。"

图3

弹性模量和弯曲刚度计算示意图[41] c与d为对应的应力和应变的增量, a与b为对应的外力和位移的增量。"

图4

玉米抗茎倒伏能力与茎秆力学特性和植株生物学性状的关系"

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