水稻小粒不育系新组合卓两优141混播制种优势分析

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2022.02045

作物学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (2): 320-331.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2022.02045

• 作物遗传育种·种质资源·分子遗传学 • 上一篇下一篇

水稻小粒不育系新组合卓两优141混播制种优势分析

周杰强¹(), 张桂莲¹^,², 邓化冰¹^,², 明兴权¹, 雷斌¹, 李凡¹, 唐文帮¹^,²^,^*()

¹湖南农业大学农学院, 湖南长沙 410128
²湖南农业大学水稻油菜抗病育种湖南省重点实验室, 湖南长沙 410128

收稿日期:2020-07-02 接受日期:2021-06-16 出版日期:2022-02-12 网络出版日期:2021-07-21
通讯作者: 唐文帮
作者简介:E-mail: crackzjq@163.com
基金资助:
本研究由国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0100303);湖南省科技重大专项(2018NK1020);湖南省重点研发计划项目资助(2017NK2013)

Advantages of small grain male sterile lines in seed production for a new combination Zhuoliangyou 141 through the mixed-sowing manner

ZHOU Jie-Qiang¹(), ZHANG Gui-Lian¹^,², DENG Hua-Bing¹^,², MING Xing-Quan¹, LEI Bin¹, LI Fan¹, TANG Wen-Bang¹^,²^,^*()

¹College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China
²Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Rice and Rapeseed Breeding for Disease Resistance, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China

Received:2020-07-02 Accepted:2021-06-16 Published:2022-02-12 Published online:2021-07-21
Contact: TANG Wen-Bang
Supported by:
This study was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFD0100303);the Major Scientific and Technological Special of Hunan Province(2018NK1020);the Key Research and Development Program of Hunan Province(2017NK2013)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

传统的杂交水稻制种方式落后、效益低、成本高的问题, 制约了杂交稻推广应用。利用小粒型不育系可实现杂交水稻混播、混收、机械分离等全程机械化制种, 降低杂交稻制种成本, 提高制种效率。本研究以小粒型不育系卓201S、大粒恢复系R141和新组合卓两优141为材料, 对其适合机械化制种的农艺性状、异交特性、混播制种及大面积制种实践进行了研究。结果表明, 与C815S相比, 卓201S株高较矮, 穗长较长且直立, 包颈粒率、穗萌率、黑粉病、开颖率均低于C815S, 对“九二〇”较敏感, 且较难落粒, 具有较好的农艺性状。而R141株高较高, 花粉数量大, 花期长, 且对环境温度较钝感, 两者均具有良好的异交特性。卓201S谷粒厚1.71 mm, 千粒重14.00 g, R141谷粒厚2.23 mm, 千粒重28.20 g, 两者籽粒大小差异显著, 通过特定的狭长形筛孔筛子, 实现了杂种F₁与父本种子的高效分离, 杂交种子含父本率为0, 杂种损失率为 2.31%, 种子纯度在生产上达标, 可实现机械化制种; 与传统制种模式相比, 混播制种可使父本基本苗减少85%, 母本容量增加20%, 制种产量增加21.37%, 制种综合效益增加31.4%。父母本较好的农艺性状、异交特性, 且粒型大小差异明显, 是小粒型不育系新组合卓两优141机械混播制种的优势, 可实现杂交水稻全程机械化制种, 因此具有广阔的应用前景。

关键词: 水稻, 小粒型不育系, 卓两优141, 混播制种技术, 优势

Abstract:

Traditional hybrid breeding is backward, low benefit, and high cost, which restricts the promotion and application in hybrid rice. However, Small Grain TMS lines are easy to be mechanically separated after mixed-sowing and mixed-harvesting. Their application will promote the realization of complete Mechanization of Hybrid Rice Seed Production, leading to the reduction of cost and the improvement of seed production efficiency. In this study, we investigated the agronomic characteristics and outcrossing rates suitable for Mechanization of Hybrid Rice Seed Production, using the Small Grain male sterile line Zhuo 201S, Large Grain restorer line R141, and their combination Zhuoliangyou 141 as materials for mixed-sowing and large-scale seed production practice. The results demonstrated that compared with the control TMS C815S, Zhuo 201S plants were shorter, exhibiting longer and more erect ear, fewer glume opening, lower percentage of panicle enclosure and germination on ears. Moreover, Zhuo 201S plants were resistant to smut disease but sensitive to “920” treatment and had weak seed-shattering characteristic. However, R141 plants were tall and insensitive to environmental temperature with large amount of pollen and a long florescence. Both Zhuo 201S and R141 had good outcrossing characteristics. The grain thickness of Zhuo 201S and R141 was 1.71 mm and 2.23 mm, respectively. The 1000-grain weight of Zhuo 201S and R141 was 14.00 g and 28.20 g, respectively. Due to the significant difference in grain sizes, the hybrid F₁ seeds could be easily separated with the male parent seeds through a special sieve with narrow and long apertures. The percentage of male parent seeds mixed in hybrid seeds was 0 while the hybrid seed loss rate was 2.31%, suggesting that the seed purity met the standards for Mechanization of Hybrid Rice Seed Production. Compared with the traditional seed production mode, the basic seedling of male parent was reduced by 85%, the capacity of female parent was increased by 20%, the seed production yield was increased by 21.37%, and the comprehensive benefit of seed production was increased by 31.4%. Zhuoliangyou 141 was endowed with the advantages suitable for mechanized production by mix-sowing, with excellently agronomic traits and outcrossing properties along with huge difference in grain size from its parents. Therefore, the whole process of Zhuoliangyou 141 mechanized seed production had a broad application prospect.

Key words: rice, small grain sterile line, Zhuoliangyou 141, mixed sowing seed production, advantage

周杰强, 张桂莲, 邓化冰, 明兴权, 雷斌, 李凡, 唐文帮. 水稻小粒不育系新组合卓两优141混播制种优势分析[J]. 作物学报, 2022, 48(2): 320-331.

ZHOU Jie-Qiang, ZHANG Gui-Lian, DENG Hua-Bing, MING Xing-Quan, LEI Bin, LI Fan, TANG Wen-Bang. Advantages of small grain male sterile lines in seed production for a new combination Zhuoliangyou 141 through the mixed-sowing manner[J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2022, 48(2): 320-331.

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材料 Material	株高 PLH (cm)	穗长 PAH (cm)	单株穗数 PPP	每穗粒数 TGPP	单穗花期 FPPA (d)	单株花期 FPPL (d)	始花时间 ST	盛花时间 FLT	花粉密度 PD (×10⁴m^-2)
R141	115.7±2.4 a	28.30±1.8 a	9.2±0.8 b	209.4±10.4 a	6.0±0.7 a	10.0±1.1 a	10:50	11:05	108.0±8.9 a
华占Huazhan	109.4±2.1 b	23.90±1.2 b	10.6±0.7 a	162.3±8.7 b	4.0±0.5 b	6.0±0.6 b	10:15	11:40	80.2±7.3 b

材料 Material	长度 Length (mm)	宽度 Width (mm)	面积 Area (mm²)	体积 Volume (mm³)	双边外露率 Bilateral exposure rate (%)	单边外露率 Unilateral exposure rate (%)	总外露率 Total exposure rate (%)
卓201S Zhuo 201S	1.21±0.12 b	0.40±0.01 b	0.49±0.03 b	0.15±0.01 b	53.56±1.33 a	34.08±1.03 a	87.64±1.96 a
C815S (CK)	1.25±0.08 a	0.46±0.02 a	0.57±0.02 a	0.20±0.01 a	55.40±1.46 b	29.60±0.87 b	85.00±1.24 b

材料 Material	8月11日 Aug. 11	8月12日 Aug. 12	8月13日 Aug. 13	8月14日 Aug. 14	8月15日 Aug. 15	8月16日 Aug. 16	8月17日 Aug. 17	8月18日 Aug. 18	活力系数 VC
卓201S Zhuo 201S	73.1±1.7 a	60.1±1.3 a	52.7±0.8 a	47.0±0.4 a	39.8±0.4 a	12.0±0.4 a	10.0±0.4 a	8.8±0.4 a	2.2±0.1 a
C815S (CK)	68.6±1.9 b	48.9±1.1 b	30.0±0.6 b	21.0±0.6 b	11.2±0.4 b	7.9±0.4 b	3.7±0.4 b	0 b	1.5±0.1 b

材料 Material	株高 PLH (cm)	穗长 PL (cm)	穗形 PT	包颈粒率 RWG (%)	经济系数 EC
卓201S Zhuo 201S	60.5±1.9 a	27.6±0.6 a	直立 Erect	5.1±0.5 b	48.7±0.1 a
C815S	68.3±2.1 b	24.2±0.4 b	弯曲 Bend	15.7±0.8 a	40.6±0.2 b
R141	115.7±2.4 a	28.3±0.8 a	弯曲 Bend	—	44.9±0.2 b
华占 Huazhan	109.4±2.1 b	23.9±0.2 b	弯曲 Bend	—	47.2±0.3 a
卓201S Zhuo 201S	22.4±1.6 a	0.1±0 b	0 b	0.2±0.1 b	较难落粒Not easy shattering
C815S	19.7±1.2 b	12.9±1.1 a	23.9±2.2 a	2.7±0.1 a	易落粒 Easy shattering
R141	35.6±2.4 a	—	—	—	—
华占 Huazhan	28.7±1.9 b	—	—	—	—

品系 Line	材料 Material	粒长 Grain length (mm)	粒厚 Grain width (mm)	长宽比 Length-width ratio	千粒重 1000-grain weight (g)
恢复系 Restorer line	R141	6.61±0.13 a	2.23±0.03 a	3.04±0.04 b	28.22±0.62 a
恢复系 Restorer line	华占 Huazhan	6.54±0.21 a	2.01±0.04 b	3.42±0.03 a	23.64±0.43 b
不育系 Sterile line	卓201S Zhuo 201S	5.82±0.11 a	1.71±0.04 b	3.32±0.03 a	14.01±0.33 b
不育系 Sterile line	C815S	5.63±0.16 a	1.96±0.02 a	2.95±0.03 b	23.42±0.56 a

水稻小粒不育系新组合卓两优141混播制种优势分析

Advantages of small grain male sterile lines in seed production for a new combination Zhuoliangyou 141 through the mixed-sowing manner

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制种模式 SPM	单株有效穗 EPP	有效穗 EP (m²)	每穗总粒数 TGP	结实率 SSR (%)	千粒重 GW (g)	理论产量 TY (kg hm^-2)	实际产量 AY (kg hm^-2)
混播制种MSP	7.33±1.17 b	409.30±1.33 a	149.10±10.21 b	51.60±78 b	14.50±06 a	6843.00±12.45 a	5785.50±04.03 a
传统制种TSP	13.47±1.49 a	272.60±3.12 b	168.50±12.36 a	53.90±25 a	14.50±08 a	5383.50±96.23 b	4603.50±79.65 b

制种模式 SPM	种植方式 PM	辅助授粉 APM	收割方式 HM	母本容量 MC	异交率 AOR (%)	平均产量 AY (kg hm^-2)	综合效益 CBOSP (Yuan hm^-2)	增益 TAB
传统制种TSP	移栽Transplanting	需要Yes	父母本分收 Parents separate harvesting		74.40±3.21 a	3382.50±96.33 b	67,650	—
机械化制种MSP	父母本机械混合直播 Parent-mixed direct seeding	无需No	机械混收 Mechanical harvesting	增加20.00% Increased by 20.00%	70.30±2.98 b	4105.50±106.76 a	82,110	1464 Yuan hm^-2
增加效益TAB	4500 Yuan hm^-2	1500 Yuan hm^-2	1500 Yuan hm^-2	14,460 Yuan				31.40%

年份 Year	地点 Place	有效穗 EP	每穗总粒数 SNPP	结实率 SSR (%)	千粒重 GW (g)	理论产量 TY (kg hm^-2)	实际产量 AY (kg hm^-2)
2018	三亚Sanya	5492.2±252.3	152.4±10.5	70.6±6.5	13.9±0.6	5473.5±304.1	5073.3±268.4
2019	长沙Changsha	5217.8±289.4	152.4±9.4	55.3±5.8	14.1±0.4	4133.7±248.4	3574.1±200.5
2019	怀化Huaihua	4257.0±205.3	155.4±11.4	72.3±6.2	13.8±0.6	4398.1±268.3	3658.1±197.4

品种 Variety	产量 Yield (kg hm^-2)	生育期 GP (d)	有效穗 EP	株高 PLH (cm)	穗长 PL (cm)	每穗总粒数 SNPP	结实率 SSR (%)	千粒重 GW (g)	稻米品质 Rice quality
卓两优141 Zhuoliangyou 141	9531	138.0	247.5	118.5	26.0	241.5	78.4	23.3	优质二级 The second class stand of fine quality rice
丰两优4号 Fengliangyou 4	9132	135.6	220.5	126.0	25.2	192.1	83.9	27.9	优质三级 The third class stand of fine quality rice

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