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作物学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (5): 1288-1297.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2022.14050

• 研究简报 • 上一篇    

垄作沟覆地膜对旱地马铃薯光合特性及产量形成的影响

石艳艳(), 马志花, 吴春花, 周永瑾, 李荣*()   

  1. 宁夏大学农学院, 宁夏银川 750021
  • 收稿日期:2021-03-30 接受日期:2021-09-10 出版日期:2022-05-12 网络出版日期:2021-10-11
  • 通讯作者: 李荣
  • 作者简介:E-mail: sy666102197@163.com; 2564812221@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    宁夏自然科学基金项目(2020AAC03098);宁夏自然科学基金项目(2019AAC03058);自治区级大学生创新创业训练计划项目(Q2020107490053);宁夏大学研究生创新项目(GIP2021-19);国家自然科学基金项目资助(31760370);国家自然科学基金项目资助(31860362)

Effects of ridge tillage with film mulching in furrow on photosynthetic characteristics of potato and yield formation in dryland farming

SHI Yan-Yan(), MA Zhi-Hua, WU Chun-Hua, ZHOU Yong-Jin, LI Rong*()   

  1. School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, Ningxia, China
  • Received:2021-03-30 Accepted:2021-09-10 Published:2022-05-12 Published online:2021-10-11
  • Contact: LI Rong
  • Supported by:
    Natural Science Foundation of Ningxia(2020AAC03098);Natural Science Foundation of Ningxia(2019AAC03058);Regional Undergraduate Training Program for Innovation and Entrepreneurship(Q2020107490053);Postgraduate Program for Innovation of Ningxia University(GIP2021-19);National Natural Science Foundation of China(31760370);National Natural Science Foundation of China(31860362)

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摘要：

为探讨垄作沟覆不同地膜对旱地马铃薯光合特性及产量形成的影响, 于2018—2019年在宁夏南部山区设置垄上覆盖普通塑料地膜, 沟内分别覆盖普通塑料地膜(DD)、可降解渗水地膜(DS)和麻纤维地膜(DM), 以沟不覆盖为对照(CK), 研究其对作物关键生育时期(播后60~120 d)土壤水分、马铃薯功能叶光合特性及产量形成的影响。结果表明, 现蕾期(播后60 d)不同覆盖处理可显著提高0~100 cm层土壤贮水量, 2018年以DD处理最高, 2019年以DM处理最高, 分别较CK显著提高11.2%和21.6%。马铃薯关键生育时期, 除2019年DS处理叶面积指数较CK显著提高外, 其他处理间差异均不显著; 不同覆盖处理可有效提高净光合速率和蒸腾速率, 其中在块茎膨大期(播后120 d) DM处理分别较CK显著提高30.0%和23.2%。2年块茎膨大期DD、DM和DS处理块茎干物质累积量平均分别较CK显著提高54.9%、50.0%和22.6%, 马铃薯产量平均分别较CK增产13.2%、14.1%和5.2%, 平均净收入分别增收16.3%、14.6%和4.0%, 而DS处理马铃薯产量和净收益与CK相比差异均不显著。相关分析发现, 土壤水分和净光合速率是影响马铃薯产量形成的主要因素。垄作沟覆普通塑料地膜(DD)与垄作沟覆麻纤维地膜(DM)处理均可改善现蕾期土壤水分, 从而促进马铃薯光合和产量的提高。因此, 垄作沟覆麻纤维地膜与垄作沟覆普通塑料地膜的增产增收效果相当, 具有部分替代普通塑料地膜的优势。

关键词: 垄作, 地膜覆盖, 土壤水分, 光合特性, 马铃薯产量

Abstract:

To investigate the effects of ridge tillage with film mulching in furrow on photosynthetic characteristics and yield formation of potato in dry land, field experiment was conducted from 2018 to 2019 in mountain area of south Ningxia. Ridges were covered with common plastic film in all treatments, while different furrow treatments were mulched with common plastic film (DD), degradable permeable mulch film (DS), and bast fiber film (DM), and no mulching furrows was used as the control check (CK). The effects of ridge tillage with film mulching in furrow on soil moisture, photosynthetic characteristics of potato functional leaves and yield formation during the key growth period (60-120 days after sowing) were investigated and compared. The results showed that the different mulching treatments could significantly increase soil water storage in 0-100 cm layer during potato squaring stage (60 days after sowing). DD treatment was the highest in 2018 and DM treatment was the highest in 2019, which significantly increased by 11.2% and 21.6% than CK, respectively. In the key growth periods of potato, leaf area index of DS treatment was significantly higher than that of CK in 2019, but there was no significant difference among the other treatments. Different mulching treatments could increase the net photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate, while DM treatment significantly increased the net photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate by 30.0% and 23.2% in the tuber swelling stage (120 days after sowing), compared with CK, respectively. The average tuber dry matter accumulation with DD, DM and DS treatments in the 2-year tuber swelling stage was significantly increased by 54.9%, 50.0%, and 22.6%. During the 2-year experiments, the average potato yield with DD, DM and DS treatments was increased by 13.2%, 14.1%, and 5.2%, the average net income was increased by 16.3%, 14.6% and 4.0%, respectively, compared with CK, while the differences in potato yield and net income were not significant between DS and CK. Correlation analysis showed that soil moisture and net photosynthetic rate were the main factors affecting potato yield formation. The treatments of ridge tillage with common plastic film mulching in furrow (DD) and ridge tillage with bast fiber film mulching in furrow (DM) could improve soil moisture at squaring stage, thus promoting the increase of potato photosynthesis and yield. Therefore, ridge tillage with bast fiber film mulching in furrow had the same effect of increasing yield and income as ridge tillage with common plastic film mulching in furrow, and it had the advantage of partially replacing common plastic mulching.

Key words: ridge tillage, film mulching, soil moisture, photosynthetic characteristics, potato yield

图1

马铃薯生育期降水和气温分布"

图2

不同处理下0~100 cm土壤贮水量变化 DD: 垄覆普通塑料地膜沟覆普通塑料地膜; DS: 垄覆普通塑料地膜沟覆可降解渗水地膜; DM: 垄覆普通塑料地膜沟覆麻纤维地膜; CK: 垄覆普通塑料地膜沟不覆盖。不同小写字母表示同一年份同一生育时期处理间差异显著(P < 0.05)。"

图3

不同处理对马铃薯叶面积指数的影响 处理同图2。不同小写字母表示同一年份同一生育时期处理间差异显著(P < 0.05)。"

表1

不同处理下马铃薯光合指标的变化"

年份
Year		 处理
Treatment		 净光合速率Pn (μmol m-2 s-1) 蒸腾速率Tr (mmol m-2 s-1)
播后60 d
60 days after sowing		 播后90 d
90 days after sowing		 播后120 d
120 days after sowing		 播后60 d
60 days after sowing		 播后90 d
90 days after sowing		 播后120 d
120 days after sowing
2018 DD 7.50 a 13.87 b 12.47 b 3.37 ab 2.54 a 4.18 a
DS 5.87 b 14.97 a 13.87 a 3.64 a 2.31 ab 3.20 b
DM 7.77 a 12.43 c 11.33 c 3.30 ab 2.10 ab 3.97 a
CK 5.43 b 10.73 d 9.80 d 3.25 b 1.83 b 2.95 b
2019 DD 9.94 ab 15.58 ab 18.50 b 4.82 a 2.92 ab 6.00 b
DS 7.30 b 16.46 a 16.40 c 4.78 a 2.94 a 6.10 b
DM 10.31 a 15.35 ab 20.00 a 4.88 a 2.78 ab 6.75 a
CK 7.10 b 13.63 b 14.30 d 4.41 a 2.04 b 5.75 b

图4

不同处理马铃薯关键生育时期干物质累积量动态 处理同图2。不同小写字母表示同一年份同一生育时期处理间差异显著(P < 0.05)。"

表2

不同处理对马铃薯产量和经济效益的影响"

年份
Year		 处理
Treatment		 产量
Yield
(kg hm-2)		 投入
Input
(Yuan hm-2)		 产出
Output
(Yuan hm-2)		 净收入
Net income
(Yuan hm-2)		 产投比Output/Input
2018




DD 27,388.7 a 8475 a 32,866.4 a 24,391.4 a 3.9 a
DS 24,318.4 b 8625 a 29,182.1 b 20,557.1 b 3.4 c
DM 26,727.1 a 8550 a 32,072.5 a 23,522.5 a 3.8 a
CK 24,358.4 b 8175 b 29,230.1 b 21,055.1 b 3.6 b
2019




DD 33,731.7 a 11,625 b 40,477.5 b 28,852.5 a 3.5 a
DS 32,479.1 a 11,925 a 38,974.5 c 27,049.5 ab 3.3 a
DM 34,909.1 a 11,755 ab 40,690.5 a 28,915.5 a 3.5 a
CK 29,646.0 b 10,875 c 35,575.5 d 24,700.5 b 3.3 a

表3

马铃薯产量与土壤水分、光合和生长指标的相关性分析"

年份
Year		 关键生育时期
Key growth period		 土壤
贮水量
Soil water storage		 叶面积
指数
Leaf area index		 净光合速率
Net photosynthesis rate		 蒸腾速率
Transpiration rate		 地上部干物质
Above-ground
dry matter		 块茎干物质
Tuber dry matter
2018 播后60 d 60 days after sowing 0.560 0.998** 0.913** -0.237 -0.434 -0.272
播后90 d 90 days after sowing -0.381 0.589* 0.135 0.391 0.694* 0.596*
播后120 d 120 days after sowing -0.515 0.773** 0.058 0.852** 0.967** 0.985**
2019 播后60 d 60 days after sowing 0.446 0.329 0.675* 0.482 0.902** -0.171
播后90 d 90 days after sowing -0.116 0.337 0.471 0.567 0.495 0.893**
播后120 d 120 days after sowing 0.490 0.191 0.983** 0.832** 0.434 0.964**
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