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作物学报

作物学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (12): 3377-3386.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2023.34026

• 耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇    下一篇

甜菜块根生长发育中呼吸代谢的特性研究

于超(), 李国龙, 孙亚卿, 李宁宁, 张少英*()   

  1. 内蒙古农业大学农学院, 内蒙古呼和浩特 010019
  • 收稿日期:2023-02-10 接受日期:2023-05-24 出版日期:2023-12-12 网络出版日期:2023-05-29
  • 通讯作者: * 张少英, E-mail: syzh36@aliyun.com
  • 作者简介:E-mail: yuchao19870618@sina.com
  • 基金资助:
    财政部和农业农村部国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(Sugar, CARS-170201);国家自然科学基金项目(31260347)

Characteristics of respiratory metabolism in growth and development of sugar beet taproot

YU Chao(), LI Guo-Long, SUN Ya-Qing, LI Ning-Ning, ZHANG Shao-Ying*()   

  1. Agricultural College, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010019, Inner Mongolia, China
  • Received:2023-02-10 Accepted:2023-05-24 Published:2023-12-12 Published online:2023-05-29
  • Contact: * E-mail: syzh36@aliyun.com
  • Supported by:
    China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(Sugar, CARS-170201);National Natural Science Foundation of China(31260347)

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摘要：

呼吸作用是作物生长发育的重要代谢基础。本研究以4个不同基因型甜菜品种为研究材料, 比较不同基因型甜菜各生育时期块根生长发育特性、呼吸速率、呼吸关键酶活性及其基因表达和能量差异, 分析各呼吸生理指标与甜菜块根增长和糖分积累的关系。研究结果表明, 不同基因型甜菜呼吸代谢水平存在显著差异, 块根呼吸速率、ATP合酶活性、ATP含量与块根重量呈极显著正相关, 表明较强的呼吸与能量代谢可促进甜菜块根的生长。联合分析呼吸代谢途径关键酶(HK、PK、IDH、SDH、6PGDH和G6PDH)活性及其基因表达和呼吸途径抑制剂效果表明, EMP-TCA是甜菜块根生长的主呼吸代谢途径, 抑制各条呼吸途径都降低甜菜的块根重量和直径, EMP、TCA和PPP途径均对甜菜块根膨大具有促进作用。研究结果为进一步深入研究甜菜块根生理机制奠定了理论基础, 为选育和鉴定高产甜菜提供了生理指标。

关键词: 甜菜, 呼吸速率, 呼吸酶活性, 基因表达, ATP

Abstract:

Respiration is an important metabolic basis for plant growth and development. The objective of this study is to compare the differences of taproot development characteristics, respiratory rate, respiratory key enzyme activity, gene expression, and energy change in different growth stages, and analyze the relationship between various respiratory physiological and sugar accumulation of sugar beet roots. In this study, four different genotypes of sugarbeet varieties were used as the experimental materials. The key enzyme activity and gene expression of respiratory metabolic pathway were determined, and respiratory pathway inhibitors were used at different growth stages. These results indicated the EMP-TCA was the main respiratory metabolic pathway during the growth process in beet taproot. No matter which respiratory pathway was inhibited, the weight and diameter of beet taproot can be reduced. Different respiratory metabolic pathways (EMP, TCA, and PPP) all played the important roles in promoting taproot expansion. In conclusions, this study laid a theoretical foundation for further research on the physiological mechanism of sugarbeet taproot, and provided physiological indicators for the breeding and identifying high-yield sugarbeet.

Key words: sugar beet, respiratory rate, respiratory enzyme activity, gene expression, ATP

表1

引物设计"

引物名称
Primer name		 正向引物
Forward primer (5°-3°)		 反向引物
Reverse primer (5°-3°)
ACTIN TGCTTGACTCTGGTGATGGT AGCAAGATCCAAACGGAGAATG
PK TTCGCTGCCTCTGCTGCTACTA AAATGAGATGTTTCACGCCTTC
HK GCGACGTTATGGTTGAGGTTAT ACTCTTCCAACTCCCTCAACAC
IDH GCAACCATCACACCAGATGAA AAGACCGTGCCATTAAGGATGT
SDH AGATCGCCTCCGATTCTCTCTAC GCCTCCATTCCAACAGCAA
G6PDH ATGGATCTCCCTACCAGTCG CTCATCAAAATAGCCACCTCT
6PGDH AGTCTGCCTAGCTATCAACTCGG TGACTGTCTCGCAATCTTGAAC

图1

不同基因型甜菜各生育时期块根形态的差异 SS、RFGS、RSGS和SAS分别代表苗期、叶丛快速生长期、块根及糖分增长期和糖分积累期。"

图2

不同基因型甜菜各生育时期块根鲜重和含糖率的差异 不同生育时期的缩写同图1。"

图3

不同基因型甜菜各生育时期块根呼吸速率的差异 不同生育时期的缩写同图1。"

表2

甜菜呼吸速率与块根重量和含糖率的相关系数"

项目
Item		 呼吸速率 Respiration rate
苗期SS 叶丛快速生长期RFGS 块根及糖分增长期RSGS 糖分积累期SAS
根重Root weight 0.45 0.81** 0.84** 0.77**
含糖率Sugar content 0.25 -0.53 -0.41 -0.60*

图4

不同基因型甜菜各生育时期块根中呼吸代谢途径关键酶活性差异 误差线上不同小写字母表示在0.05概率水平的差异显著。不同生育时期的缩写同图1。"

表3

甜菜呼吸代谢途径关键酶活性与块根重量和含糖率的相关系数"

生育时期
Growth stage		 项目
Item		 酶活性Enzyme activity
丙酮酸激酶PK 己糖激酶HK 异柠檬酸
脱氢酶
IDH		 琥珀酸
脱氢酶
SDH		 葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶G6PDH 6-磷酸葡萄糖酸脱氢酶6PGDH
叶丛快速生长期RFGS 根重Taproot weight -0.67* -0.34 0.86** 0.75** -0.70* 0.83**
含糖率Sugar content 0.58 0.09 -0.67* -0.45 0.54 -0.67*
块根及糖分增长期RSGS 根重Taproot weight 0.83** 0.51 0.79** 0.62* 0.82** -0.58*
含糖率Sugar content -0.81** -0.73** -0.52 -0.64* -0.84** 0.78**
糖分积累期SAS 根重Taproot weight 0.74** -0.55 0.78** -0.14 -0.06 -0.45
含糖率Sugar content -0.86** 0.41 -0.93** -0.11 -0.01 0.17

图5

不同基因型甜菜各生育时期呼吸代谢途径关键酶基因表达量差异 误差线上不同小写字母表示在0.05概率水平差异显著。不同生育时期的缩写同图1。"

图6

呼吸抑制剂对不同基因型甜菜块根呼吸速率和表型的影响 误差线上不同小写字母表示在0.05概率水平差异显著。"

图7

不同基因型甜菜各生育时期块根能量代谢差异 误差线上不同小写字母表示在0.05概率水平差异显著。"

表4

甜菜能量代谢与块根重量和含糖率的相关系数"

项目
Item		 ATPase活性 ATPase activity ATP含量 ATP content
叶丛快速
生长期
RFGS		 块根及糖分
增长期
RSGS		 糖分积累期
SAS		 叶丛快速
生长期
RFGS		 块根及糖分
增长期
RSGS		 糖分积累期SAS
根重Taproot weight 0.80** 0.80** 0.81** 0.85** 0.84** 0.52
含糖率Sugar content -0.36 -0.64* -0.90** -0.64* -0.81** -0.71**
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