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作物学报

作物学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (3): 755-771.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2023.22016

• 耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇    下一篇

再生季稻与同期抽穗主季稻干物质分配特性及机制研究

吴冬青1(), 李洲2, 郭春林3, 邹京南1, 庞孜钦3, 林非凡1, 何海斌1, 林文雄1,3,*()   

  1. 1福建农林大学生命科学学院 / 农业生态过程与安全监测福建省重点实验室, 福建福州 350002
    2福建省农业科学院亚热带农业研究所, 福建漳州 363005
    3福建农林大学作物遗传育种与综合利用教育部重点实验室, 福建福州 350002
  • 收稿日期:2022-03-18 接受日期:2022-07-21 出版日期:2023-03-12 网络出版日期:2022-08-24
  • 通讯作者: 林文雄
  • 作者简介:E-mail: wudq606@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0300508);国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0301602);国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD0301105);闽台种植资源创制与绿色栽培协调创新中心项目(福建2011项目);闽台种植资源创制与绿色栽培协调创新中心项目(2015-75);福建农林大学科技发展基金项目(KF2015043)

Dry matter partitioning properties and mechanism of ratooning rice and main crop (late season) synchronized in rice heading time

WU Dong-Qing1(), LI Zhou2, GUO Chun-Lin3, ZOU Jing-Nan1, PANG Zi-Qin3, LIN Fei-Fan1, HE Hai-Bin1, LIN Wen-Xiong1,3,*()   

  1. 1College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University / Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Process and Safety Monitoring, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China
    2Subtropical Agriculture Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhangzhou 363005, Fujian, China
    3Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Integrated Utilization, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China
  • Received:2022-03-18 Accepted:2022-07-21 Published:2023-03-12 Published online:2022-08-24
  • Contact: LIN Wen-Xiong
  • Supported by:
    National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFD0300508);National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFD0301602);National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFD0301105);Fujian-Taiwan Coordination Innovation Center for Plant Germplasm Creation and Green Cultivation(Fujian 2011 Project);Fujian-Taiwan Coordination Innovation Center for Plant Germplasm Creation and Green Cultivation(2015-75);Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Science and Technology Development Fund Project(KF2015043)

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摘要：

研究再生稻干物质积累与转运特性对深入理解再生稻产量形成的生理机制及进一步挖掘增产潜力有重要的理论与实际意义。本研究以华东南稻区推广的常规籼稻佳辐占和籼粳杂交稻甬优2640两个再生稻品种作为供试材料, 在确保2个供试水稻品种的再生季稻和主季稻在籽粒灌浆阶段处于同一晚秋气温条件下抽穗成熟, 比较再生季稻及其同期抽穗的主季晚稻的光合生理、激素含量、干物质生产、非结构性碳水化合物(NSC)、13C同化物在植株地上部和地下部的干物质积累与分配差异。结果表明, 相比同期抽穗的同基因型主季晚稻, 2个供试品种的再生季稻生育期缩短50%, 但有效穗数和收获指数分别增加50%和10%, 最终产量可达到对照产量的55%~65%; 再生季稻在籽粒灌浆前期叶片光合速率和SPAD值均明显增高, 但齐穗后20 d至成熟期其光合速率和SPAD值则明显降低; 再生季稻株体内的ZR、IAA含量在齐穗期较高, 之后相比较低, 再生季稻株内的ABA含量在齐穗期至齐穗后10 d或20 d较高, 达到10%~20%, 而其GA3含量普遍较低; 再生季稻稻桩、叶片和茎鞘的NSC转运率高达67%~78%、59%~67%和52%~61%, 因此其NSC转运对产量贡献率也分别高达10%~18%; 13C光合同化物分配在穗部占比大, 成熟期再生季稻穗部的分配率高20.83%, 同时, 减少了再生季稻13C同化物向地下部的转移量达5%, 因而有效穗多, 收获指数高。再生季稻减少了光合同化物向根际土壤的转移与分配, 既能提高其收获指数, 又有利于减少水稻的CH4等温室气体排放量, 是一种经济高效益和环境友好型的稻作模式。

关键词: 再生季稻, 13C脉冲标记, 非结构碳水化合物, 干物质积累与分配

Abstract:

It is of great theoretical and practical significance to study the dry matter accumulation and translocation properties of ratoon rice for further understanding the physiological mechanism of yield formation and exploring the potential of yield increase. In this study, two rice varieties, Jiafuzhan (conventional indica rice) and Yongyou 2640 (indica-japonica hybrid rice), popularly planted in Southeast China, were used as the test materials. The ratooning and main rice crops of the two cultivars were regulated to be heading and ripening in the similar temperature condition of late autumn. Differences of photosynthetic physiology, hormone content, dry matter production, NSC translocation, and 13C assimilate in aboveground and underground parts of ratooning rice and its main crop synchronized heading in late season were compared. The results showed that, compared with main crop (late season) synchronized in rice heading time, the growth period of ratooning rice of the two varieties was 50% shorter, but they had 50% increase of effective panicles and 10% increase of harvest indexes, so the final yield could still reach 55%-65% of the control yield; the photosynthetic rate and SPAD value of the ratooning rice at the early stage of grain filling were significantly higher, but they turned to be significantly lower from 20 days after full heading to maturity; the content of ZR and IAA in ratooning rice were higher at the full heading stage, but lower later; the content of ABA in ratooning rice was 10%-20% higher from full heading stage to 10 days or 20 days after full heading, while the content of GA3 in ratooning rice was generally lower; NSC translocation rates of stubble, leaf and stem-sheath of the two tested varieties were as high as 67%-78%, 59%-67%, and 52%-61%, respectively, and the contribution rate of NSC translocation to yield was also as high as 10%-18%, respectively. The distribution rate of 13C photochemical compounds in panicle of ratooning rice at maturity stage was up to 20.83%, and the translocation of 13C assimilates to underground part of ratooning rice was reduced by 5%, resulting in more effective panicles and higher harvest index. Therefore, ratooning rice can reduce translocation and allocation of photoassimilates to rhizosphere soil, improve harvest index, lessen CH4, and other greenhouse gas emissions, which is a high-benefit and environment-friendly rice cropping pattern.

Key words: ratooning season rice, 13C pulse labeling, non-structural carbohydrate, dry matter accumulation and translocation

图1

再生稻全生育期气温和降雨量变化态势"

表1

再生季稻与其同期抽穗的晚稻产量及产量构成因素等性状比较"

品种
Cultivar name		 种植模式Cropping pattern 有效穗数
Effective panicles (m-2)		 每穗粒数
No. of grains per panicles		 结实率
Seed setting percentage (%)		 千粒重
1000-grain weight (g)		 产量
Grain yield
(t hm-2)		 收获指数Harvest index (%)
2018 JFZ RCR 442.0±4.9 a 51.0±2.0 a 90.1±1.08 a 23.5±0.24 a 4.77±0.15 Aa 56.9±0.4 a
STLR 276.0±7.8 c 112.0±5.3 b 86.0±1.79 b 27.5±0.30 b 7.31±0.26 Bb 42.7±0.2 b
YY2640 RCR 336.0±10.6 b 112.7±4.4 b 63.7±2.49 c 22.3±0.17 c 5.38±0.10 Cc 53.5±0.2 c
STLR 224.0±7.3 c 293.7±7.5 c 70.6±1.73 c 22.6±0.56 c 10.50 Dd 49.5±0.1 d
2019 JFZ RCR 441.7±8.8 a 49.5±1.2 a 90.3±2.39 a 23.4±0.28 a 4.62±0.13 Aa 55.3±0.1 a
STLR 275.4±3.3 c 111.2±3.1 b 85.6±2.54 b 27.0±0.28 b 7.08±0.20 Bb 50.2±0.2 b
YY2640 RCR 307.0±7.7 b 115.1±6.9 b 82.6±1.31 b 22.6±0.40 c 6.58±0.30 Cc 54.3±0.4 c
STLR 209.1±5.1 c 284.3±10.6 c 80.3±2.42 b 22.2±0.32 c 10.6±0.24 Dd 49.4±0.1 d
自由度DF F-value
年度Year (Y) 1 NS NS NS NS NS NS
品种Cultivar (C) 159.6 8.64** 18.101*** 16.725*** 7.649*** 6.971* NS
种植模式
Cropping system (S)		 1 39.661*** 16.891*** NS 7.316* 24.08*** 16.055**
年度×品种Y×C 3 NS 5.49** 13.304*** NS NS NS
年度×种植模式Y×S 3 12.274*** 5.127** NS NS 7.448** 6.181**
品种×种植模式C×S 3 151.952*** 476.76*** 5.68** 9.79*** 31.023*** 6.62**
年度×品种×种植模式
Y×C×S		 7 67.566*** 173.042*** 5.838** 3.437* 11.746*** 3.917*

图2

不同种植方式下水稻抽穗和成熟期不同时期叶片净光合速率(NPR)的检测结果 HS、10 DAH、20 DAH、MS分别指抽穗期、齐穗后10 d、齐穗后20 d、成熟期。*在图中代表再生稻和同期抽穗晚稻在抽穗和成熟同一时期的旗叶NPR存在0.05的显著差异水平。缩写同表1。"

图3

不同种植方式下水稻抽穗和成熟期不同时期叶片SPAD的检测结果 *在图中代表再生稻和同期抽穗晚稻在抽穗和成熟同一时期旗叶的SPAD值存在0.05的显著差异水平。缩写同表1和图2。"

表2

不同种植模式水稻后期叶面积指数与剑叶SPAD衰减率变化"

测定指标
Determination index		 品种及稻作模式
Cultivar and cropping pattern		 孕穗期
Booting
stage		 抽穗期
Heading
stage		 乳熟期
Milk
stage		 成熟期
Maturity
stage
叶面积指数
Leaf area index		 JFZ-RCR 1.0±0.10 a 2.10±0.20 a 2.20±0.20 a 2.30±0.40
JFZ-STLR 5.2±0.70 b 4.90±0.02 b 5.80±0.30 b 5.30±0.90
YY2640-RCR 2.4±0.50 a 2.40±0.50 a 2.40±0.50 a 2.40±0.50
YY2640-STLR 4.7±0.80 b 5.30±0.30 b 5.80±0.70 b 6.20±0.90
剑叶SPAD衰减率(降低值/d)
Decay rate of blade SPAD		 JFZ-RCR 0.1±0.10 a 0.25±0.08 a 1.16±0.30 a 1.19±0.09
JFZ-STLR 0.1±0.04 a 0.16±0.03 b 0.70±0.07 b 0.87±0.12
YY2640-RCR 0.22±0.08 a 0.24±0.09 a 1.02±0.26 a 1.40±0.11
YY2640-STLR 0.05±0.01 b 0.10±0.08 b 0.59±0.12 b 0.95±0.04
单株叶重
Leaf weight per plant (g plants-1)		 JFZ-RCR 10.00±1.77 a 5.30±1.15 a
JFZ-STLR 25.50±1.25 b 14.90±0.56 b
YY2640-RCR 15.10±1.87 a 7.90±1.85 a
YY2640-STLR 26.10±0.65 b 20.9±0.75 b

图4

不同种植模式下水稻根、茎、叶和穗部器官中激素含量的差异 缩写同表1和图2。不同小写字母表示在0.05水平差异显著。"

表3

不同种植模式下水稻灌浆抽穗至成熟期间单株穗重与叶绿素SPAD、激素含量、干物质转运量等相关"

项目
Item		 单株穗重
Panicle weight per plant
(g plant-1)		 玉米素核苷
ZR
(μg g-1 FW)		 赤霉素
GA3
(μg g-1 FW)		 脱落酸
ABA
(μg g-1 FW)		 生长素
IAA
(μg g-1 FW)		 叶绿素SPAD值
SPAD value		 转运量
Translocation amount
(g plant-1)		 运转率
Translocation rate
(%)
单株穗重
Panicle weight per plant
(g plant-1)		 1 -0.401 -0.667 0.612 -0.412 -0.411 0.800* 0.402
玉米素核苷
ZR (μg g-1 FW)		 1 0.821* -0.711* 0.970** 0.990** -0.760* -1.000**
赤霉素GA3 (μg g-1 FW) 1 -0.975** 0.821* 0.821* -0.975** -0.821
脱落酸ABA (μg g-1 FW) 1 -0.700* -0.890* 1.000** 0.760*
生长素IAA (μg g-1 FW) 1 1.000** -0.770* -1.000**
叶绿素SPAD值
SPAD value		 1 -0.760* -1.000**
转运量
Translocation amount
(g plant-1)		 1 0.788*
运转率
Translocation rate (%)		 1

表4

不同水稻种植模式抽穗期后水稻植株干物质转运特性"

年度
Year		 品种
Cultivar		 种植模式
Cropping pattern		 干物质转运量
Translocation amount of
dry matter (kg hm-2)		 干物质转运率
Translocation rate of
dry matter (%)		 干物质贡献率
Contribution rate of
dry matter (%)		 齐穗后干物质贡献率
Contribution rate of dry matter after full heading stage (%)
稻桩
Stubble		 茎鞘
Stem-sheath		 叶片
Leaf		 稻桩
Stubble		 茎鞘
Stem-sheath		 叶片
Leaf		 稻桩
Stubble		 茎鞘
Stem-sheath		 叶片
Leaf
2018 JFZ RCR 204.2 781.7 c 261.1 b 12.6 17.6 b 25.2 b 2.7 12.6 b 7.8 b 76.9 b
STLR — 526.0 bc 254.8 b — 7.9 c 9.6 d — 8.5 c 4.1 c 87.4 a
YY2640 RCR 245.6 703.0 a 446.3 a 20.0 21.3 a 26.8 a 5.1 14.6 a 9.3 a 71.0 c
STLR — 584.8 b 437.4 a — 6.6 c 12.5 c — 6.3 d 4.7 c 89.0 a
2019 JFZ RCR 246.3 819.4 ab 237.6 c 18.7 27.0 a 30.2 a 5.6 18.6 a 5.4 a 70.4 c
STLR — 666.2 b 232.7 c — 11.0 c 14.7 c — 11.5 b 4.0 c 84.5 b
YY2640 RCR 269.6 941.6 a 321.4 b 16.2 23.4 b 28.4 b 4.7 16.6 a 5.6 a 73.1 c
STLR — 684.0 b 396.4 a — 7.8 d 12.3 d — 7.7 c 4.5 b 87.8 a

表5

不同种植模式下水稻茎鞘叶可溶性糖、淀粉和非结构性碳水化合物积累与分配特性"

品种
Cultivar		 稻作
模式
Cropping pattern		 可溶性糖含量
Content of soluble sugars (g plant-1)		 淀粉含量
Content of starches (g plant-1)		 NSC含量
Content of NSC (g plant-1)
根
Root		 茎鞘
Stem-sheath		 叶
Leaf		 稻桩
Stubble		 籽粒
Grain		 根
Root		 茎鞘
Stem-sheath		 叶
Leaf		 稻桩
Stubble		 籽粒
Grain		 根
Root		 茎鞘
Stem-sheath		 叶
Leaf		 稻桩
Stubble		 籽粒
Grain
齐穗期 Full heading stage
JFZ RCR 0.57 c 2.14 b 0.44 d 0.43 a 0.25 c 0.67 b 2.38 d 0.32 c 0.52 b 0.02 d 1.24 c 4.52 c 0.76 d 0.95 a 0.27 c
STLR 1.65 a 2.62 b 0.72 c 0.26 c 1.22 a 5.66 b 0.53 b 0.05 c 2.87 a 8.28 ab 1.25 c 0.31 c
YY2640 RCR 0.86 b 2.42 b 1.03 b 0.34 b 0.26 c 0.66 b 4.25 c 0.85 ab 0.82 a 0.02 d 1.52 c 6.67 bc 1.88 b 1.16 a 0.28 c
STLR 1.35 ab 3.93 a 1.56 a 1.06 a 1.22 a 6.82 a 1.15 a 0.07 b 2.57 a 10.75 a 2.71 a 1.13 a
成熟期 Maturity stage
JFZ RCR 0.27 c 0.98 d 0.16 d 0.09 b 1.02 a 0.18 cd 1.18 c 0.19 c 0.12 b 17.22 c 0.45 c 2.16 c 0.35 d 0.21 b 18.24 c
STLR 1.08 a 3.22 a 0.64 c 0.58 b 0.67 a 2.59 a 0.33 b 28.51 b 1.75 a 5.81 a 0.97 b 29.09 b
YY2640 RCR 0.49 b 1.51 c 0.23 d 0.18 a 1.17 a 0.26 c 1.07 c 0.39 b 0.20 a 26.62 b 0.75 b 2.58 c 0.62 c 0.38 a 27.79 b
STLR 1.13 a 3.18 a 1.07 b 0.80 ab 0.59 ab 2.88 a 0.75 a 41.58 a 1.72 a 6.06 a 1.82 a 42.38 a

表6

不同种植模式下成熟期水稻茎鞘叶可溶性糖、淀粉和非结构性碳水化合物转运特性"

品种
Cultivar		 稻作模式
Cropping Pattern		 NSC转运量
Translocation amount of NSC (g plant-1)		 NSC转运率
Translocation rate of NSC (%)		 NSC转运对产量贡献率
Contribution rate of NSC translocation to production (%)
根
Root		 茎鞘
Stem-sheath		 叶
Leaf		 桩
Stubble		 根
Root		 茎鞘
Stem-sheath		 叶
Leaf		 桩
Stubble		 茎鞘
Stem-sheath		 叶
Leaf		 桩
Stubble
JFZ RCR 0.79 b 2.36 d 0.41 c 0.74 a 63.71 a 52.21 b 58.73 b 77.89 a 12.93 ab 2.24 b 4.05 a
STLR 1.12 a 2.47 d 0.28 d 39.02 c 29.83 d 22.40 d 8.49 c 0.96 d
YY2640 RCR 0.77 bc 4.09 b 1.26 a 0.78 a 50.65 b 61.31 a 67.02 a 67.02 a 14.71 a 4.43 a 2.81 b
STLR 0.85 b 4.69 a 0.89 b 33.07 d 43.62 c 32.84 c 11.06 b 2.10 b

表7

不同水稻种植模式下水稻不同器官和土壤中的13C同化物含量"

品种
Cultivar		 分配部位
Allocated part		 齐穗期含量
Contents at full heading stage
(mg pot-1)		 成熟期含量
Contents at maturity stage
(mg pot-1)		 同品种成熟和齐穗期含量差异
The content difference of the same accessions at maturity and full heading stages (mg pot-1)
RCR STLR RCR STLR RCR STLR
JFZ 13C-土壤 13C-soil 4.87 Ecd* 0.40 d 3.02 Cbc 2.75 Cc -1.84 Db 2.35 Db*
13C-根系 13C-roots 1.54 Ed 2.66 Ed* 0.44 Cc 4.33 Cc* -1.10 Db 1.67 Db*
13C-稻桩 13C-stubbles 4.11 Ecd — 1.30 Cc — -2.82 Db —
13C-茎鞘 13C-stem-sheath 38.57 EAb* 34.42 Ab 9.31 Bb 20.95 Ab* -29.25 Ac -13.46 Ad*
13C-叶 13C-leaves 6.30 Ec 7.73 Ec* 3.33 Cc 5.36 Cc* -2.97 Db -2.36 Dc
13C-穗 13C-panicles 70.25 Ba* 48.35 Ba 102.26 Aa* 60.97 Ba 32.01 Aa* 12.62 Aa
YY2640 13C-土壤 13C-soil 3.35 Ec* 0.41 Ed 2.36 Cc* 1.30 Cc -0.99 Db 0.89 Db*
13C-根系 13C-roots 0.97 Ec 1.41 Ed 0.30 Cc 2.74 Cc* -0.68 Db 1.34 Db*
13C-稻桩 13C-stubbles 2.04 Ec — 0.91 Cc — -1.13 Db —
13C-茎鞘 13C-stem-sheath 19.12 Db 20.53 Db* 9.13 Bb 16.39 Bb* -9.99 Cc -4.13 Cc*
13C-叶 13C-leaves 3.00 Ec 9.95 Ec* 1.88 Cc 4.05 Cc* -1.12 Db* -5.89 Cd
13C-穗 13C-panicles 89.07 Ca* 62.77 Ca 104.93 Aa* 70.22 Ba 15.87 Ba* 7.46 Ba

表8

不同水稻种植模式下13C同化物在水稻不同器官和土壤中的分配率"

品种
Cultivar		 分配部位
Allocated part		 齐穗后10 d 分配率
Distribution rate at 10 days after full heading (%)		 成熟期分配率
Distribution rate at
maturity stage (%)		 同品种成熟和齐穗期分配差异
The distribution difference of the same accessions at maturity and full heading stages (%)
RCR STLR RCR STLR RCR STLR
JFZ 13C-土壤 13C-soil 3.88 Dc* 0.43 De 2.53 Bc 2.92 Ce* -1.35 Cbc 2.49 Bb*
13C-根系 13C-roots 1.22 Dd 2.85 Dd* 0.37 Be 4.59 Cd* -0.86 Cb 1.74 Bb*
13C-稻桩 13C-stubbles 3.27 Dc — 1.08 Bd — -2.19 Cc —
13C-茎鞘 13C-stem-sheath 30.81 Cb 36.81 Cb* 7.83 Bb 22.24 Bb* -22.98 Ad -14.56 Ad*
13C-叶 13C-leaves 5.01 Dc 8.26 Dc* 2.78 Bc 5.68 Cc* -2.23 Cc -2.58 Bc
13C-穗 13C-panicles 55.88 Aa* 51.70 Aa 85.45 Aa* 64.62 Aa 29.57 Aa* 12.93 Aa
YY2640 13C-土壤 13C-soil 2.85 Dc* 0.43 Dd 1.98 Bc* 1.37 Ce -0.87 Cbc 0.94 Bb*
13C-根系 13C-roots 0.83 Df 1.48 Dd* 0.25 Bf 2.90 Cd* -0.58 Cb 1.41 Bb*
13C-稻桩 13C-stubbles 1.74 De — 0.77 Be — -0.97 Cc —
13C-茎鞘 13C-stem-sheath 16.27 Cb 21.75 Cb* 7.65 Bb 17.36 Bb* -8.62 Bd -4.39 Bc*
13C-叶 13C-leaves 2.55 Dd 10.48 Dc* 1.57 Bd 4.28 Cc* -0.98 Cc* -6.20 Bd
13C-穗 13C-panicles 75.77 Ba* 65.97 Ba 87.79 Aa* 74.13 Aa 12.02 Ba* 8.16 Aa
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pmid: 12189212
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