作物学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (4): 1079-1089.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2023.21022
吴香奇1(), 刘博1, 张威1, 杨雪妮1, 郭子艳1, 刘铁宁1, 张旭东1,*(), 韩清芳1,2,*()
WU Xiang-Qi1(), LIU Bo1, ZHANG Wei1, YANG Xue-Ni1, GUO Zi-Yan1, LIU Tie-Ning1, ZHANG Xu-Dong1,*(), HAN Qing-Fang1,2,*()
摘要:
为探究小麦和豌豆间作对群体光合特性和生产力的影响, 本研究于2019—2021年在陕西关中地区开展田间试验, 设置4行小麦+2行豌豆(W4P2)、2行小麦+2行豌豆(W2P2)两种条带种植处理, 以单作小麦(CKW)和单作豌豆(CKP)为对照, 分析了小麦和豌豆叶片净光合速率(Pn)、群体光合速率(CAP)、干物质累积及群体生产力等指标。结果表明: 与单作相比, W2P2和W4P2间作处理显著提高了小麦叶片SPAD和Pn, 但豌豆叶片SPAD和Pn不同程度降低。小麦与豌豆间作显著提高了花前群体光合速率, W4P2的CAP较其对照群体光合CAPCK42(2/3CAPCKW+1/3CAPCKP)增加6.2%~8.0%, 而W2P2处理的CAP较其对照群体光合CAPCK22(1/2CAPCKW+1/2CAPCKP)增加6.2%~8.5%。与CKW相比, W4P2和W2P2间作处理单位面积小麦干物质积累能力显著增强, 成熟期有效穗数和穗粒数显著提高, 籽粒产量分别提高7.8%~9.4%和18.9%~19.0%; 而与CKP相比, 两间作处理的豌豆干物质积累和产量构成指标表现减弱趋势, 籽粒产量分别降低9.9%~12.2%和6.8%~9.0%。竞争力评价表明, W4P2和W2P2间作处理土地当量比均高于1 (W4P2: 1.02; W2P2: 1.06), 表明小麦和豌豆间作提高了作物群体产量优势, 且优势作物小麦相较于豌豆的侵占力在W2P2间作模式(0.27)高于W4P2 (0.20)。综上, 在小麦和豌豆间作系统中, 窄带型(W2P2)相较于宽带型(W4P2)通过提高优势作物小麦的光合能力能够提高群体光合速率, 促进群体对光资源的利用, 进一步挖掘了复合群体生产优势。
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