陆地棉抗虫与抗草甘膦基因的分子聚合及经济性状相关分析

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2024.44028

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

培育抗棉铃虫兼抗草甘膦的棉花, 可以同步提高品种的抗虫与抗除草剂能力, 降低植棉的除虫、除草用工成本, 提升植棉综合经济效益。本研究利用自育的高产优质陆地棉品系、国产转Bt基因抗虫棉品系以及转GR79+GAT基因的抗草甘膦陆地棉品系为杂交亲本, 配置复交组合。在繁殖的复交分离群体后代, 通过在苗床喷洒0.2%草甘膦, 去除不抗草甘膦棉苗; 并在大田不防治棉铃虫的条件下, 筛选抗虫棉株。而后在实验室利用特异引物对抗虫基因与抗草甘膦基因进行分子跟踪检测, 将同时具有Bt基因与GR79+GAT基因的单株繁殖成株系, 经大田筛选获得9个抗虫兼抗草甘膦的优良品系。然后对育成品系进行产量比较试验, 结果显示, 其中品系BG-6不但实现了抗虫与抗草甘膦基因的聚合, 而且该品系的皮棉产量水平较高、纤维品质表现良好: 纤维长度达30.9 cm、比强度30.1 cN tex^-1、马克隆值4.9。对产量性状与纤维品质性状相关分析显示, 只有衣分与棉纤维整齐度呈极显著负相关(r= -0.838^**), 其他产量性状与纤维品质性状均不存在显著相关性。文章最后得出结论: 在复合杂交组合的分离后代, 通过在苗床喷洒草甘膦筛选抗性棉苗, 再结合大田不治虫筛选抗虫单株; 而后在室内对2种抗性基因进行PCR分子跟踪检测, 再在大田对产量性状与品质性状进行系统选育, 可实现抗虫与抗草甘膦基因以及高产与优质性状的多元聚合。

关键词: 陆地棉, Bt基因, GR79+GAT基因, 产量性状, 纤维品质, 相关分析

Abstract:

Breeding cotton with simultaneous resistance to cotton bollworm and glyphosate can enhance the ability of resistance to insects and herbicides, reduce pest control and herbicide costs, and improve comprehensive economic productivity in cotton production. In this study, a hybrid population was developed using self-bred high-yield and high-quality upland cotton, domestic transgenic Bt cotton lines, and GR79+GAT transgenic upland cotton lines as parental hybrids. Non-glyphosate-resistant cotton seedlings were eliminated by applying 0.2% glyphosate in the seedling beds, and cotton plants were screened for resistance to cotton bollworm under field conditions without pest control. Specific primers were used in the laboratory to track the insect-resistant and glyphosate-resistant genes, and individual plants carrying the Bt and GR79+GAT genes were propagated into plant lines. Nine lines exhibiting resistance to both insects and glyphosate were obtained through field screening. Subsequently, the economic traits of the selected lines were compared and analyzed. Among these lines, strain BG-6 demonstrated the combined presence of insect-resistant and glyphosate-resistant genes, as well as higher lint yield and fiber quality. The fiber length, specific strength, and micronaire value of BG-6 were 30.9 cm, 30.1 cN tex^-1, and 4.9, respectively. Correlation analysis between yield traits and fiber quality traits revealed a negative correlation between lint percentage and uniformity index (r = -0.838^**), but no significant correlation was observed between other yield traits and fiber quality traits. In conclusion, our study successfully selected resistant cotton seedlings through glyphosate spraying in the seedling beds, identified resistant cotton plants under field conditions without pest control, detected two resistance genes using PCR in the laboratory, and evaluated high-yield and high-quality traits in the field. By following this approach, we achieved the pyramiding of multiple traits, including insect resistance, glyphosate resistance, and high-yield and high-quality characteristics, in the segregated progeny of comprehensive hybrid combinations.

Key words: upland cotton, Bt gene, GR79+GAT gene, yield traits, fiber quality, correlation analysis

陈旭升, 赵亮, 狄佳春. 陆地棉抗虫与抗草甘膦基因的分子聚合及经济性状相关分析[J]. 作物学报, 2024, 50(10): 2637-2642.

CHEN Xu-Sheng, ZHAO Liang, DI Jia-Chun. Molecular pyramiding of insect and glyphosate-resistant genes and correlation analysis on economic traits of the pyramided lines in upland cotton[J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2024, 50(10): 2637-2642.

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链接本文: https://zwxb.chinacrops.org/CN/10.3724/SP.J.1006.2024.44028

https://zwxb.chinacrops.org/CN/Y2024/V50/I10/2637

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品系编号 Strain number	株高 Plant height (cm)	果枝台数 Fruit branch	单株铃数 Boll number	单铃重 Boll weight (g)	大样衣分 Lint percentage (%)	籽棉产量 Seed cotton yield (kg hm^-2)	皮棉产量 Lint yield (kg hm^-2)
BG-1	109.45	13.8	28.8	7.4	40.8	3275.0	1336.3
BG-2	96.70	12.2	29.0	6.8	44.6	3220.0	1436.8
BG-3	101.80	14.5	33.1	6.3	42.1	3135.0	1321.1
BG-4	104.70	13.9	28.9	7.1	41.4	2815.0	1165.0
BG-5	115.35	14.7	34.9	6.7	41.8	4015.0	1680.0
BG-6	109.10	14.7	31.6	6.8	42.4	3760.0	1593.7
BG-7	95.75	14.2	30.0	6.8	40.7	2585.0	1052.6
BG-8	95.95	14.9	29.4	6.9	41.5	2880.0	1195.0
BG-9	101.20	13.2	29.2	6.4	44.2	2340.0	1035.0
平均值Mean value	103.3±6.9	14.0±0.9	30.5±2.2	6.8±0.3	42.2±1.4	3113.9±535.0	1312.8±226.5
极小值Minimal value	95.80	12.2	28.8	6.3	40.7	2340.0	1035.0
极大值Maximum value	115.40	14.9	34.9	7.4	44.6	4015.0	1680.0
变异系数Coefficient of variation	6.67	6.14	7.08	4.99	3.29	17.18	17.25

品系编号 Strain number	长度 Fiber length (mm)	整齐度 Uniformity index (%)	比强度 Specific strength (cN tex^-1)	马克隆值Micronaire value	伸长率 Elongation rate (%)
BG-1	29.7	85.5	29.4	4.9	6.6
BG-2	28.7	84.4	27.4	5.1	6.5
BG-3	30.1	85.0	28.2	5.0	6.6
BG-4	28.5	85.2	28.8	5.3	6.5
BG-5	29.5	85.0	28.3	5.1	6.5
BG-6	30.9	85.0	30.1	4.9	6.6
BG-7	29.3	85.0	29.2	4.9	6.5
BG-8	29.4	84.9	28.3	5.3	6.6
BG-9	29.0	84.7	28.1	5.4	6.6
平均值Mean value	29.5±0.7	84.9±0.3	28.6±0.8	5.1±0.2	6.6±0.1
极小值Minimal value	28.5	84.4	27.4	4.9	6.5
极大值Maximum value	30.9	85.5	30.1	5.4	6.6
变异系数Coefficient of variation	2.5	0.4	2.8	3.4	0.8

性状 Trait	株高 Plant height (cm)	果枝台数 Fruit branch	单株铃数 Boll number	单铃重 Boll weight (g)	衣分 Lint percentage (%)	籽棉产量 Seed cotton yield (kg hm^-2)	皮棉产量 Lint yield (kg hm^-2)
长度 Fiber length (mm)	0.374	0.614	0.499	-0.175	-0.233	0.536	0.492
整齐度 Uniformity index (%)	0.545	0.579	0.098	0.521	-0.838^**	0.187	0.029
断裂比强度Specific strength	0.400	0.537	0.021	0.413	-0.609	0.235	0.126
马克隆值Micronaire value	-0.275	-0.152	-0.222	-0.270	0.365	-0.516	-0.458
伸长率Elongation rate (%)	0.029	0.279	-0.070	-0.160	0.026	-0.080	-0.087