作物学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (4): 981-990.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2024.31042
所属专题: 小麦:耕作栽培·生理生化
张振1(
), 赵俊晔2,*(
), 石玉1, 张永丽1, 于振文1
ZHANG Zhen1(
), ZHAO Jun-Ye2,*(
), SHI Yu1, ZHANG Yong-Li1, YU Zhen-Wen1
摘要:
为了明确不同播幅对小麦籽粒产量的影响及其形成的生理原因, 本研究于2019—2020年和2020—2021年冬小麦生长季, 在山东省济宁市兖州区小孟镇史家王子村小麦试验站大田试验条件下设置2种播幅处理: 处理1是播幅为8 cm (B1); 处理2是播幅为3 cm (B2)。研究了不同播幅对小麦光合特性、冠层光截获特性、干物质积累与转运和籽粒产量的影响。试验结果表明: B1处理开花后叶面积指数和冠层光合有效辐射截获率显著高于B2处理, 其冠层光合有效辐射透射率显著低于B2处理; B1处理开花后旗叶叶绿素相对含量、净光合速率、蒸腾速率和气孔导度均显著高于B2处理, 其胞间二氧化碳浓度显著低于B2处理; B1处理开花期和成熟期干物质积累量、开花后干物质在籽粒中的分配量、成熟期籽粒干物质积累量均显著高于B2处理; B1处理穗粒数、千粒重均显著高于B2处理; 与B2处理相比, B1处理的2年平均籽粒产量和光能利用率分别高6.12%和7.71%。综上所述, 播幅为8 cm的B1处理通过塑造了合理的冠层结构, 改善了开花后叶片的光合性能, 有利于开花后植株的光合物质生产, 从而获得了最高的籽粒产量和光能利用率, 为本试验条件下的最优处理。研究为小麦宽幅播种节水高产高效栽培技术提供了理论依据。
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