干湿交替灌溉和施氮量对粳稻光合特性和氮素吸收利用的影响

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2024.32056

作物学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (7): 1787-1804.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2024.32056

干湿交替灌溉和施氮量对粳稻光合特性和氮素吸收利用的影响

付景¹(), 马梦娟¹, 张骐飞¹, 段居琦², 王越涛¹, 王付华¹, 王生轩¹, 白涛¹, 尹海庆¹^,^*(), 王亚¹^,^*()

¹河南省农业科学院粮食作物研究所, 河南郑州 450002
²中国气象局国家气候中心, 北京 100081

收稿日期:2023-12-18 接受日期:2024-04-01 出版日期:2024-07-12 网络出版日期:2024-04-17
通讯作者: *尹海庆, E-mail: yinhq98@163.com;王亚, E-mail: wangya840212@163.com
作者简介:E-mail: fujing8210@sina.cn
基金资助:
河南省重点研发与推广专项(科技攻关)(222102110019);河南省重点研发专项(231111110500);河南省农业科学院自主创新项目(2023ZC015);河南省现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(HARS-22-03-S);河南省农业科学院水稻科技创新团队项目(2023TD29);河南省农业科学院基础性科研工作项目(2023JC05)

Effects of alternate wetting and drying irrigation and different nitrogen application levels on photosynthetic characteristics and nitrogen absorption and utilization of japonica rice

FU Jing¹(), MA Meng-Juan¹, ZHANG Qi-Fei¹, DUAN Ju-Qi², WANG Yue-Tao¹, WANG Fu-Hua¹, WANG Sheng-Xuan¹, BAI Tao¹, YIN Hai-Qing¹^,^*(), WANG Ya¹^,^*()

¹Cereal Research Institute, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan, China
²National Climate Center, China Meteorology Administration, Beijing 100081, China

Received:2023-12-18 Accepted:2024-04-01 Published:2024-07-12 Published online:2024-04-17
Contact: *E-mail: yinhq98@163.com; E-mail: wangya840212@163.com
Supported by:
Henan Provincial Science and Technology Research Program(222102110019);Special Program for Key Research and Development of Henan Province(231111110500);Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences Independent Innovation Project(2023ZC015);Special Fund for Henan Agriculture Research System(HARS-22-03-S);Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences Rice Science and Technology Innovation Team Project(2023TD29);Fundamental Research Project of Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences(2023JC05)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

水分和氮素对水稻叶片光合特性和氮素吸收利用有重要影响, 但在干湿交替灌溉条件下, 水、氮是如何影响水稻叶片和根系氮代谢酶活性、产量和氮素吸收利用的仍不清楚。探明这一问题对于协同提高产量和氮肥利用效率有重要意义。本研究以超级稻品种南粳9108为材料, 大田种植, 设置全生育期常规灌溉(conventional irrigation, CI)和干湿交替灌溉(alternate wetting and drying irrigation, AWD) 2种灌溉方式及5个施氮水平, 不施氮(N0)、施氮90 kg hm^-2 (N1)、施氮180 kg hm^-2 (N2)、施氮270 kg hm^-2 (N3)和施氮360 kg hm^-2 (N4)。结果表明, 与CI相比, AWD增加了水稻主要生育时期叶片的叶绿素a、叶绿素b、总叶绿素和类胡萝卜素含量, 提高了叶片净光合速率, 并显著增加了叶片中超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶、硝酸还原酶、谷氨酰胺合成酶和谷氨酸合成酶活性, 显著降低了过氧化物酶、内肽酶活性和丙二醛含量, 显著提高了根系中氮代谢酶硝酸还原酶、谷氨酰胺合成酶、谷氨酸合成酶和谷氨酸脱氢酶活性; AWD的产量较CI平均增加了10.4%。AWD显著提高了氮素转运量、氮素转运率、氮肥吸收利用率和氮肥偏生产力, 产量和氮肥利用率均以AWD+N3处理组合的最高。因此, 轻度干湿交替灌溉配合一定的施氮量, 可以充分发挥水、肥效应, 促进根系和叶片的氮代谢水平, 提高叶片光合特性, 协调地下地上部生长, 有利于水稻产量和氮肥利用率的协同提高。

关键词: 水稻, 干湿交替灌溉, 施氮量, 光合特性, 氮代谢酶, 氮素吸收利用

Abstract:

Soil water potential and nitrogen nutrients are the important factors affecting photosynthetic characteristics in leaves and nitrogen absorption and utilization of rice (Oryza sativa L.). Little is known, however, how synergistic the two factors under alternative wetting and drying irrigation (AWD) can be in terms of nitrogen metabolism enzyme activity, grain yield, and nitrogen use efficiencies. A field experiment was conducted using a super rice variety of Nanjing 9108 with five nitrogen levels, namely, no nitrogen applied (N0), 90 (N1), 180 (N2), 270 (N3), and 360 kg hm^-2 (N4), and two irrigation regimes, namely, conventional irrigation (CI) and AWD over two years. Our results revealed significant interaction between irrigation and nitrogen levels. At the same nitrogen levels, the content of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll and carotenoid, net photosynthetic rate, the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, nitrate reductase, glutamine synthetase, and glutamic acid synthetase at main growth stages were higher in AWD than those in CI. Furthermore, the activities of nitrate reductase, glutamine synthetase, glutamic acid synthetase, and glutamate dehydrogenase in roots of rice were also increased, but the activities of peroxidase, endopeptidase, and the content of malondialdehyde in leaves were lower. AWD treatment increased grain yield by an average of 10.4% compared with CI, and also enhanced nitrogen transport capacity, nitrogen transport efficiency, nitrogen absorption, utilization efficiency, and partial productivity of nitrogen fertilizer. AWD coupled with N3 had the highest yield and nitrogen use efficiency; this treatment was the optimal water-nitrogen interaction management model in this study. These results suggest that adopting AWD with an appropriate nitrogen rate promotes nitrogen metabolism in roots and leaves and improves photosynthetic characteristics of leaves, thereby synergistically increasing grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency in rice.

Key words: rice, alternate wetting and drying irrigation, nitrogen rate, photosynthetic characteristics, nitrogen metabolism enzyme, nitrogen absorption and utilization

付景, 马梦娟, 张骐飞, 段居琦, 王越涛, 王付华, 王生轩, 白涛, 尹海庆, 王亚. 干湿交替灌溉和施氮量对粳稻光合特性和氮素吸收利用的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2024, 50(7): 1787-1804.

FU Jing, MA Meng-Juan, ZHANG Qi-Fei, DUAN Ju-Qi, WANG Yue-Tao, WANG Fu-Hua, WANG Sheng-Xuan, BAI Tao, YIN Hai-Qing, WANG Ya. Effects of alternate wetting and drying irrigation and different nitrogen application levels on photosynthetic characteristics and nitrogen absorption and utilization of japonica rice[J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2024, 50(7): 1787-1804.

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	Xu G W, Zhao X H, Jiang M M, Lu D K, Chen M C. Alternate wetting and moderate drying irrigation harmonize rice root and shoot growth, improves grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency. J Plant Nutr Fert, 2021, 27: 1388-1396 (in Chinese with English abstract).
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年份 Year	气象条件 Meteorological condition	5月 May	6月 June	7月 July	8月 August	9月 September	10月 October
2018	平均气温 Temperature (℃)	21.81	26.86	28.44	27.61	20.99	15.46
	日照时数 Sunshine (h)	202.1	226.8	195.5	251.7	191.1	210.5
	降雨量 Precipitation (mm)	93.2	96.8	66.1	111.0	97.7	0
2019	平均气温 Temperature (℃)	21.63	27.91	28.74	26.04	21.63	16.10
	日照时数 Sunshine (h)	242.0	200.8	208.9	179.2	187.1	143.5
	降雨量 Precipitation (mm)	1.0	67.0	21.8	105.8	53.4	71.2

年份 Year	处理 Treatment	穗数 Panicle number (×10⁴ hm^-2)	每穗粒数 Spikelets per panicle	总颖花量 Total number of spikelets (×10⁶ hm^-2)	结实率 Seed-setting rate (%)	千粒重 1000-grain weight (g)	产量 Grain yield (t hm^-2)
2018	CI+N0	228.1 h	113.7 h	259.3 i	89.5 a	25.8 a	5.99 h
	CI+N1	263.3 f	127.9 f	336.8 g	84.1 b	25.6 a	7.25 f
	CI+N2	286.5 d	139.1 e	398.5 e	81.8 c	25.1 b	8.18 e
	CI+N3	324.7 b	148.5 c	482.2 c	78.1 d	24.9 b	9.38 b
	CI+N4	323.8 b	156.8 b	507.7 b	68.9 f	24.1 c	8.43 d
	AWD+N0	237.3 g	121.2 g	287.6 h	90.8 a	25.8 a	6.74 g
	AWD+N1	272.7 e	136.3 e	371.7 f	85.2 b	25.7 a	8.14 e
	AWD+N2	295.7 c	144.7 d	427.9 d	81.6 c	25.5 ab	8.90 c
	AWD+N3	331.7 a	155.6 b	516.1 b	78.7 d	25.2 b	10.24 a
	AWD+N4	330.3 a	163.1 a	538.7 a	71.2 e	24.3 c	9.32 b
2019	CI+N0	226.9 h	113.5 h	257.5 i	88.7 a	25.9 a	5.92 h
	CI+N1	262.7 f	126.1 f	331.3 g	83.7 b	25.6 a	7.10 f
	CI+N2	284.6 d	137.8 e	392.2 e	80.7 c	25.0 b	7.91 e
	CI+N3	324.5 b	148.2 c	480.9 c	76.9 d	24.8 b	9.17 b
	CI+N4	323.4 b	155.9 b	504.2 b	68.1 f	24.2 c	8.31 d
	AWD+N0	234.8 g	120.7 g	283.4 h	89.8 a	25.9 a	6.59 g
	AWD+N1	270.2 e	134.2 e	362.6 f	84.6 b	25.5 ab	7.82 e
	AWD+N2	295.8 c	143.8 d	425.4 d	80.9 c	25.3 b	8.71 c
	AWD+N3	332.9 a	154.6 b	514.7 b	77.4 d	25.1 b	10.00 a
	AWD+N4	329.1 a	162.7 a	535.4 a	70.8 e	24.4 c	9.25 b
方差分析 ANOVA
年份 Year (Y)		ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns
灌溉 Irrigation (I)		**	**	**	**	**	**
施氮量N rate (N)		**	**	**	**	**	**
年份×灌溉 Y × I		ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns
年份×施氮量 Y × N		ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns
灌溉×施氮量 I × N		*	*	*	ns	ns	*
年份×灌溉×施氮量 Y × I × N		ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns

年份 Year	处理 Treatment	抽穗期积累量 Accumulation at heading stage (kg hm^-2)	成熟期积累量 Accumulation at maturity stage (kg hm^-2)	氮素转运量 N translocation amount (kg hm^-2)	氮素转运率 N translocation efficiency (%)
2018	CI+N0	55.7 f	32.6 i	23.1 h	41.5 g
	CI+N1	95.6 e	48.7 g	46.9 f	49.1 e
	CI+N2	128.7 d	61.5 e	67.2 d	52.2 d
	CI+N3	160.7 c	72.6 c	88.1 b	54.8 c
	CI+N4	168.6 ab	79.7 a	88.9 b	52.7 d
	AWD+N0	54.8 f	28.6 j	26.2 g	47.8 f
	AWD+N1	94.7 e	44.3 h	50.4 e	53.2 d
	AWD+N2	130.5 d	57.4 f	73.1 c	56.0 b
	AWD+N3	164.2 b	66.8 d	97.4 a	59.3 a
	AWD+N4	172.8 a	75.7 b	97.1 a	56.2 b
2019	CI+N0	54.3 f	31.7 i	22.6 h	41.6 g
	CI+N1	94.8 e	49.3 g	45.5 f	48.0 f
	CI+N2	128.4 d	62.1 e	66.3 d	51.6 e
	CI+N3	159.8 c	71.5 c	88.3 b	55.3 c
	CI+N4	170.7 a	80.9 a	89.8 b	52.6 e
	AWD+N0	55.3 f	29.2 i	26.1 g	47.2 f
	AWD+N1	95.1 e	43.8 h	51.3 e	53.9 d
	AWD+N2	131.8 d	59.1 f	72.7 c	55.2 c
	AWD+N3	163.7 b	67.5 d	96.2 a	58.8 a
	AWD+N4	171.6 a	74.9 b	96.7 a	56.4 b
方差分析 ANOVA
年份 Year (Y)		ns	ns	ns	ns
灌溉 Irrigation (I)		**	**	**	**
施氮量N rate (N)		**	**	**	**
年份×灌溉 Y × I		ns	ns	ns	ns
年份×施氮量 Y × N		ns	ns	ns	ns
灌溉×施氮量 I × N		ns	*	**	*
年份×灌溉×施氮量 Y × I × N		ns	ns	ns	ns

年份 Year	处理 Treatment	氮肥吸收利用率 Recovery efficiency of applied N (%)	氮肥生理利用率 Physiological efficiency of applied N (kg kg^-1)	氮素籽粒生产效率 N use efficiency for grain production (kg kg^-1)	氮肥农学利用率 Agronomic efficiency of applied N (kg kg^-1)	氮肥偏生产力 Partial factor production of applied N (kg kg^-1)
2018	CI+N0	—	—	57.3 b	—	—
	CI+N1	46.8 c	30.0 a	49.4 d	14.0 b	80.6 b
	CI+N2	44.2 d	27.6 b	44.4 ef	12.2 d	45.5 d
	CI+N3	43.3 d	29.0 a	42.3 g	12.5 cd	34.7 f
	CI+N4	34.4 f	19.7 d	36.9 h	6.8 e	23.4 h
	AWD+N0	—	—	63.6 a	—	—
	AWD+N1	52.9 a	29.4 a	53.0 c	15.6 a	90.4 a
	AWD+N2	50.5 b	23.8 c	45.2 e	12.0 d	49.5 c
	AWD+N3	47.7 c	27.2 b	43.6 f	13.0 c	37.9 e
	AWD+N4	40.5 e	17.7 e	37.0 h	7.2 e	25.9 g
2019	CI+N0	—	—	56.8 b	—	—
	CI+N1	45.6 c	30.8 a	48.9 d	13.1 b	78.9 b
	CI+N2	43.1 d	25.8 d	43.5 ef	11.1 e	44.0 d
	CI+N3	43.0 d	28.0 b	41.6 g	12.1 cd	34.0 f
	CI+N4	34.2 f	19.4 f	36.5 h	6.6 g	23.1 h
	AWD+N0	—	—	62.0 a	—	—
	AWD+N1	50.9 a	26.9 c	51.4 c	13.7 a	86.9 a
	AWD+N2	49.3 b	23.8 e	44.6 e	11.7 d	48.4 c
	AWD+N3	46.9 c	26.9 c	42.9 f	12.6 c	37.0 e
	AWD+N4	39.8 e	18.6 f	37.0 h	7.4 f	25.7 g
方差分析 ANOVA
年份 Year (Y)		ns	ns	ns	ns	ns
灌溉 Irrigation (I)		**	**	**	**	**
施氮量N rate (N)		**	**	**	**	**
年份×灌溉 Y × I		ns	ns	ns	ns	ns
年份×施氮量 Y × N		ns	ns	ns	ns	ns
灌溉×施氮量 I × N		*	ns	ns	*	*
年份×灌溉×施氮量 Y × I × N		ns	ns	ns	ns	ns

干湿交替灌溉和施氮量对粳稻光合特性和氮素吸收利用的影响

Effects of alternate wetting and drying irrigation and different nitrogen application levels on photosynthetic characteristics and nitrogen absorption and utilization of japonica rice

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