施氮水平对沙质土壤油莎豆氮磷钾累积、分配及产量的影响

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2024.34187

作物学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (7): 1805-1817.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2024.34187

施氮水平对沙质土壤油莎豆氮磷钾累积、分配及产量的影响

曹秭琦¹^,²(), 赵小庆¹^,³, 张向前¹^,³, 王建国¹, 李娟³, 韩云飞¹, 刘丹³, 高艳华³, 路战远¹^,³^,^*(), 任永峰¹^,³^,^*()

¹内蒙古自治区农牧业科学院, 内蒙古呼和浩特 010030
²中国农业科学院油料作物研究所, 湖北武汉 430062
³内蒙古大学生命科学学院, 内蒙古呼和浩特 010021

收稿日期:2023-11-12 接受日期:2024-04-01 出版日期:2024-07-12 网络出版日期:2024-04-19
通讯作者: *路战远, E-mail: lzhy281@163.com;任永峰, E-mail: renyongfeng_1984@163.com
作者简介:E-mail: 1477665901@qq.com
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFC0507602)

Effects of nitrogen application levels on the accumulation, distribution of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and the corresponding yield of Cyperus esculentus in sandy soil

CAO Zi-Qi¹^,²(), ZHAO Xiao-Qing¹^,³, ZHANG Xiang-Qian¹^,³, WANG Jian-Guo¹, LI Juan³, HAN Yun-Fei¹, LIU Dan³, GAO Yan-Hua³, LU Zhan-Yuan¹^,³^,^*(), REN Yong-Feng¹^,³^,^*()

¹Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot 010030, Inner Mongolia, China
²Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, Hubei, China
³School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, Inner Mongolia, China

Received:2023-11-12 Accepted:2024-04-01 Published:2024-07-12 Published online:2024-04-19
Contact: *E-mail: lzhy281@163.com; E-mail: renyongfeng_1984@163.com
Supported by:
National Key Research and Development Program of China(2019YFC0507602)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

探讨了沙质土壤条件下不同氮肥施用水平对油莎豆干物质及养分累积、分配和产量的影响, 为沙质土壤条件下油莎豆合理施用氮肥提供理论依据。以油莎豆品种“中油莎1号”为试验材料, 采用大田试验, 设不施氮(N0)、低氮(N1)、中氮(N2)、高氮(N3) 4个施氮水平, 分析不同氮肥施用水平对油莎豆干物质及养分累积、分配和产量的影响。结果表明, 随生育期的推进油莎豆茎叶、根、块茎干物质累积量的变化趋势均呈上升趋势。在块茎形成期前油莎豆主要以地上部茎叶营养生长为主, 块茎形成期后生长中心逐渐向地下部块茎转移, 至收获期块茎干物质累积分配比例高达43.34%~51.00%。2年N2水平块茎干物质累积量及分配比例均高于其他水平, 较其他施氮水平平均提高17.50%和4.00%。油莎豆对氮、钾需求量较大, 磷较少。收获期油莎豆氮、磷、钾累积量表现为块茎>茎叶>根, 块茎成为油莎豆氮磷钾最终的贮藏器官。N2水平下油莎豆氮、磷、钾累积吸收量在整个生育期内一直呈较高水平, 特别是块茎在收获期的氮、磷、钾分配比例分别达到47.09%、65.82%和56.40%。N2水平下, 油莎豆地上部生物量、地下部生物量、千粒重、块茎产量均高于其他水平, 较其他施氮水平平均提高5.57%、7.40%、15.83%和18.12%。在沙质土壤栽培条件下, 油莎豆氮施肥量以150 kg hm^-2较为适宜。

关键词: 油莎豆, 氮肥, 养分累积分配, 产量

Abstract:

The effects of different nitrogen fertilizer application levels on dry matter and nutrient accumulation, distribution and yield of Cyperus esculentus under sandy soil conditions were evaluated, which provided a theoretical basis for the rational application of nitrogen fertilizer in Cyperus esculentus under sandy soil conditions. A field experiment was conducted with four nitrogen application levels: no nitrogen (N0), low nitrogen (N1), medium nitrogen (N2), and high nitrogen (N3). The effects of different nitrogen fertilizer application levels on dry matter and nutrient accumulation, distribution and yield of Cyperus esculentus ‘Zhongyousha 1’ were explored. The results showed that the dry matter accumulation in stems, leaves, roots, and tubers of Cyperus esculentus showed an increasing with the development of growth. Before the tuber formation period, Cyperus esculentus was mainly based on the vegetative growth of the above-ground stems and leaves. After the tuber formation period, the growth centre gradually shifted to the underground tubers, and the proportion of dry matter accumulation and distribution in the tubers was as high as 43.34%-51.00% at harvest stage. The dry matter accumulation and distribution ratio of tubers at N2 level in two years were higher than those at other levels, which were 17.50% and 4.00% higher than those at other nitrogen levels, respectively. Cyperus esculentus had a large demand for nitrogen and potassium, and less phosphorus. The accumulation of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in Cyperus esculentus was the order: tuber > stem and leaf > root, and tuber became the final storage organ of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in Cyperus esculentus. The cumulative absorption of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in Cyperus esculentus under N2 level had been at a high-level during growth period, especially the distribution ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in tubers at maturity stage reached 47.09%, 65.82%, and 56.40%, respectively. Under the N2 level, compared with other nitrogen application levels, the above-ground biomass, under-ground biomass, 1000-grain weight, and tuber yield of Cyperus esculentus were higher than other levels, and increased by 5.57%, 7.40%, 15.83%, and 18.12% on average, respectively. Therefore, under the cultivation conditions of low sandy soil fertility level, 150 kg hm^-2 nitrogen fertilizer was more suitable for Cyperus esculentus.

Key words: Cyperus esculentus, nitrogen fertilizer, nutrient accumulation and distribution, yield

曹秭琦, 赵小庆, 张向前, 王建国, 李娟, 韩云飞, 刘丹, 高艳华, 路战远, 任永峰. 施氮水平对沙质土壤油莎豆氮磷钾累积、分配及产量的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2024, 50(7): 1805-1817.

CAO Zi-Qi, ZHAO Xiao-Qing, ZHANG Xiang-Qian, WANG Jian-Guo, LI Juan, HAN Yun-Fei, LIU Dan, GAO Yan-Hua, LU Zhan-Yuan, REN Yong-Feng. Effects of nitrogen application levels on the accumulation, distribution of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and the corresponding yield of Cyperus esculentus in sandy soil[J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2024, 50(7): 1805-1817.

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年份 Year	有机质 SOM (g kg^-1)	全氮 TN (g kg^-1)	全磷 TP (g kg^-1)	全钾 TK (g kg^-1)	速效磷 AP (mg kg^-1)	速效钾 AK (mg kg^-1)	pH
2021	8.86	0.73	0.60	6.80	3.65	38.78	8.96
2022	6.28	0.32	0.36	14.99	2.58	75.40	8.65

年份 Year	处理 Treatment	地上部生物量 Above-ground biomass (kg hm^-2)	地下部生物量 Ground biomass (kg hm^-2)	千粒重 1000-grain weight (g)	产量 Tuber yield (kg hm^-2)
2021	N0	4953.47±149.47 c	4175.87±103.53 b	1085.63±20.18 b	8874.79±45.99 c
	N1	5033.47±152.98 bc	4723.33±60.74 a	1222.00±34.83 a	9658.92±37.73 b
	N2	5308.00±190.11 ab	4757.20±157.96 a	1262.67±33.79 a	10,336.06±28.31 a
	N3	5411.60±197.35 a	4191.47±229.96 b	1038.57±31.11 b	9723.73±25.55 b
2022	N0	4295.07±26.45 b	4400.53±81.87 c	1046.73±33.72 b	7983.73±41.40 d
	N1	5167.63±69.09 a	4807.50±81.87 a	1061.83±15.93 b	8540.33±69.86 c
	N2	5265.23±73.69 a	4849.50±64.80 a	1221.20±24.78 a	10,945.20±72.01 a
	N3	5295.87±91.10 a	4589.57±124.65 b	993.23±25.90 c	9417.88±34.07 b
F值	年份Y	9.99^**	15.28^**	38.27^***	487.07^***
F-value	施氮量N	37.16^***	26.03^***	72.52^***	2316.08^***
	Y×N	10.00^**	2.07^NS	6.56^**	397.45^***

施氮水平对沙质土壤油莎豆氮磷钾累积、分配及产量的影响

Effects of nitrogen application levels on the accumulation, distribution of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and the corresponding yield of Cyperus esculentus in sandy soil

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