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作物学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (7): 1818-1828.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2024.34117

• 耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇    下一篇

油菜籽粒叶绿素降解速率对菜籽油关键品质的影响

闫子恒(), 王先领, 邵东李, 郜耿东, 宁宁, 贾才华, 蒯婕, 汪波, 徐正华, 王晶, 赵杰, 周广生*()   

  1. 华中农业大学植物科学技术学院 / 农业农村部长江中游作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室, 湖北武汉 430070
  • 收稿日期:2023-07-10 接受日期:2024-01-12 出版日期:2024-07-12 网络出版日期:2024-02-19
  • 通讯作者: *周广生, E-mail: zhougs@mail.hzau.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:E-mail: yanziheng@webmail.hzau.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD1901205)

Effect of chlorophyll degradation rate in seed on key quality of rapeseed oil

YAN Zi-Heng(), WANG Xian-Ling, SHAO Dong-Li, GAO Geng-Dong, NING Ning, JIA Cai-Hua, KUAI Jie, WANG Bo, XU Zheng-Hua, WANG Jing, ZHAO Jie, ZHOU Guang-Sheng*()   

  1. College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University / Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System for the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
  • Received:2023-07-10 Accepted:2024-01-12 Published:2024-07-12 Published online:2024-02-19
  • Contact: *E-mail: zhougs@mail.hzau.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFD1901205)

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摘要：

油菜籽粒中的叶绿素是阻碍高品质菜籽油生产的关键因素。压榨制油时叶绿素进入菜籽油, 菜籽油叶绿素含量高不仅外观品质差, 且易引发光氧化反应。因此, 提高籽粒成熟过程中叶绿素降解速率, 对改善菜籽油外观及营养品质具有重要意义。试验利用281份来自国内外的栽培品种、品系组成的自然群体, 在武汉试验点连续进行2年田间小区试验, 考察油菜籽粒叶绿素降解速率、油脂外观及营养品质等指标, 分析籽粒叶绿素降解与千粒重、含油量、油脂色泽、抗氧化能力等指标的内在联系, 以期为优质菜籽油原料的生产提供理论与技术支撑。结果表明, 不同品系籽粒叶绿素降解速率存在差异, 供试群体品系间存在广泛变异; 相关性分析显示, 籽粒叶绿素降解速率与种子千粒重、含油量无显著相关性, 与菜籽油叶绿素含量显著负相关; 菜籽油叶绿素含量与菜籽油红值、黄值及过氧化值显著正相关, 与菜籽油抗氧化能力显著负相关, 籽粒叶绿素降解速率快的类别, 菜籽油色泽更浅, 菜籽油过氧化值较低且具有较高的总酚含量与抗氧化能力; 花后40 d, 叶绿素降解快的品系籽粒POR酶的活性低于叶绿素降解慢的品系, 但花后53 d PAO酶的活性高于叶绿素降解慢的品系, 因此籽粒成熟后期叶绿素降解速率快, 种子叶绿素含量低。

关键词: 油菜, 籽粒叶绿素, 降解速率, 菜籽油, 品质

Abstract:

The chlorophyll in rapeseed seed is one of the key factors hindering the production of high-quality rapeseed oil. The higher chlorophyll content in rapeseed oil is not only make it poor in appearance, but also cause rapid photooxidation reaction. Therefore, it is of great significance to improve the appearance and nutritional quality of rapeseed oil by increasing the degradation rate of chlorophyll at seed ripening stage. In order to provide the theoretical and technical support for the production of high-quality rapeseed oil raw materials, a natural population consisting of 281 cultivars and breeding lines from different regions was used in a two-year field experiment in Wuhan, to investigate the chlorophyll degradation rate of rapeseed seeds, and the appearance and nutritional quality of oil, besides analysing the internal relationship between chlorophyll degradation and 1000-seed weight, oil content, oil colour, and its antioxidant capacity. The results showed that there were significant differences in chlorophyll degradation rate among different strains, and there was wide variation among the tested population materials. Correlation analysis showed that there was no significant correlation between chlorophyll degradation rate and 1000-seed weight and oil content of seed, but significantly negative correlation with the chlorophyll content of rapeseed oil. The chlorophyll content of rapeseed oil was positively correlated with the red value, yellow value, and peroxide value, while negatively correlated with antioxidant capacity of rapeseed oil. For the category with fast chlorophyll degradation rate, rapeseed oil had lighter colour, lower peroxide value, higher total phenol content, and antioxidant capacity. Compared to slow chlorophyll degrading strains, the activity of protochlorophyllide oxidoreductases (POR) enzyme was lower at 40 days after anthesis, whereas pheophorbide an oxygenase (PAO) enzyme activity was higher at 53 days after anthesis in the seeds of fast chlorophyll degrading strains, indicating that seed chlorophyll content was lower and its degradation rate was faster in seeds at the late stage of seed maturation.

Key words: rapeseed, seed chlorophyll, degradation rate, rapeseed oil, quality

图1

不同年度主要气象因子"

图2

油菜籽粒叶绿素含量动态变化、POR与PAO相关基因表达模式"

图3

油菜自然群体籽粒叶绿素含量的分布"

表1

自然群体籽粒叶绿素含量、千粒重及含油量的表型分析"

性状
Trait		 2020-2021 2021-2022
平均值
Mean		 标准差
SD		 最小值
Min.		 最大值
Max.		 平均值
Mean		 标准差
SD		 最小值
Min.		 最大值
Max.
花后40 d籽粒叶绿素含量
Seed chlorophyll content at 40 days after
anthesis (mg g-1)		 0.39 0.07 0.21 0.58 0.40 0.07 0.19 0.59
花后53 d籽粒叶绿素含量
Seed chlorophyll content at 53 days after
anthesis ( mg g-1)		 0.35 0.12 0.01 0.60 0.10 0.10 0.01 0.45
籽粒叶绿素含量降解量
Seed chlorophyll content degradation (mg g-1)		 0.08 0.14 -0.28 0.52 0.30 0.10 0.00 0.55
千粒重
1000-seed weight (g)		 4.11 0.69 2.36 6.85 4.01 0.69 2.35 5.83
含油量
Oil content (%)		 45.62 3.48 37.18 61.65 44.69 3.48 37.02 52.85

图4

不同年度籽粒叶绿素降解量与含油量和千粒重的相关性分析"

图5

105份油菜品系中籽粒叶绿素含量下降幅度的分布"

表2

105份株系种子叶绿素含量及菜籽油性状的变异分析"

性状
Trait		 平均值
Mean		 标准差
SD		 最小值
Min.		 最大值
Max.
种子叶绿素含量Seed chlorophyll content (mg kg-1) 7.18 3.28 1.28 18.11
油脂叶绿素含量Oil chlorophyll content (mg kg-1) 0.69 0.35 0.13 1.94
油脂红值 Oil red value 2.2 0.4 1.1 3.2
油脂黄值 Oil yellow value 25.6 5.0 18.0 42.0
油脂总酚含量Oil total-phenols content (mg 100 g-1) 16.55 4.08 9.88 24.98
油脂过氧化值Oil peroxide value (g 100 g-1) 0.046 0.017 0.015 0.095
油脂活性氧清除能力 Oil DPPH (μmol 100 g-1) 21.58 2.83 14.40 28.30
油脂铁离子还原能力 Oil FRAP (μmol 100 g-1) 42.47 6.23 28.40 56.24

图6

籽粒叶绿素降解速率与籽粒叶绿素含量(A)及籽粒叶绿素含量与菜籽油叶绿素含量的相关性分析(B) ** 表示在P < 0.01水平相关性显著。"

图7

105份品系籽粒叶绿降解速率的系统聚类 图中字母C与数字的组合分别表示105份品系对应的编号。"

表3

系统聚类中不同类别籽粒叶绿素含量的表型分析"

类别
Type		 性状
Trait		 平均值Mean 标准差
SD		 最小值
Min.		 最大值
Max.
类别I
Category I		 花后40 d籽粒叶绿素含量
Seed chlorophyll content at 40 days after flowering (mg g-1)		 0.51 0.05 0.45 0.59
花后53 d籽粒叶绿素含量
Seed chlorophyll content at 53 days after flowering (mg g-1)		 0.04 0.03 0.01 0.09
籽粒叶绿素含量降解量
Seed chlorophyll content degradation (mg g-1)		 0.47 0.04 0.43 0.55
类别II
Category II		 花后40 d籽粒叶绿素含量
Seed chlorophyll content at 40 days after flowering (mg g-1)		 0.39 0.07 0.26 0.57
花后53 d籽粒叶绿素含量
Seed chlorophyll content at 53 days after flowering (mg g-1)		 0.07 0.06 0.01 0.34
籽粒叶绿素含量降解量
Seed chlorophyll content degradation (mg g-1)		 0.32 0.06 0.21 0.42
类别III
Category III		 花后40 d籽粒叶绿素含量
Seed chlorophyll content at 40 days after flowering (mg g-1)		 0.39 0.07 0.25 0.50
花后53 d籽粒叶绿素含量
Seed chlorophyll content at 53 days after flowering (mg g-1)		 0.26 0.07 0.08 0.35
籽粒叶绿素含量降解量
Seed chlorophyll content degradation (mg g-1)		 0.13 0.05 0.01 0.19

图8

籽粒叶绿素降解速率对菜籽油外观及品质指标的影响 不同类别间不同字母表示在P < 0.05水平差异显著。"

图9

籽粒叶绿素降解速率与菜籽油外观及品质指标的相关性分析 ** 表示在P < 0.01水平差异显著。"

表4

6份特殊品系叶绿素含量及菜籽油关键指标的方差分析"

品系
Line		 籽粒叶绿素Seed chlorophyll content 菜籽油 Rapeseed oil
花后40 d
40 days after flowering (mg g-1)		 花后53 d
53 days after flowering
(mg g-1)		 降解量Degra-
dation
(mg g-1)		 叶绿素
含量
Chlorophyll content
(mg g-1)		 叶绿素
含量
Chlorophyll content
(mg g-1)		 红值
Red value		 黄值
Yellow value		 过氧化值
Peroxide value
(g 100 g-1)		 总酚含量
Total-
phenols content
(g 100 g-1)		 活性氧
清除能力
DPPH
(μmol 100 g-1)		 铁离子
还原能力
FRAP
(μmol 100 g-1)
SWU46 0.4623 ab 0.3877 a 0.0746 8.5748 b 0.824 c 2.3 c 27 b 0.052 c 19.39 a 21.71 b 48.68 a
CY20-66 0.4832 a 0.3633 a 0.1199 13.2383 a 1.057 a 2.4 a 29 a 0.058 b 14.78 c 19.71 bc 37.72 d
Huashuang 128 0.4956 a 0.3045 b 0.1911 8.4177 b 0.894 b 2.4 b 26 c 0.068 a 12.60 d 20.20 bc 41.69 c
A82 0.4201 c 0.0187 e 0.4014 2.8724 d 0.349 e 2.0 e 21 f 0.026 f 17.63 b 28.30 a 45.61 b
Ningyou 18 0.4391 bc 0.1223 c 0.3168 4.8432 c 0.559 d 2.2 d 24 d 0.049 d 12.82 b 19.71 bc 43.11 b
CY16-35 0.4376 bc 0.0491 d 0.3885 4.7428 c 0.488 d 2.2 d 23 e 0.035 e 12.63 d 19.30 c 40.78 c

图10

籽粒中原叶绿素酸酯氧化还原酶POR与脱镁叶绿酸a单加氧酶PAO的活性分析 SWU46、CY20-66和Huashuang 128为叶绿素降解较慢的品系, A82、Ningyou 18和CY16-35为叶绿素降解较快品系; 字母表示达到显著性差异(P < 0.05)。"

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