不同基因型燕麦强弱势粒生理特性与产量关系研究

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2026.51079

作物学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 52 ›› Issue (4): 1220-1235.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2026.51079

不同基因型燕麦强弱势粒生理特性与产量关系研究

崔雪梅¹^,²(), 柳妍娣¹^,³(), 刘景辉¹^,², 米俊珍¹^,², 武俊英¹^,⁴, 赵宝平¹^,²^,^*()

¹内蒙古高校燕麦工程研究中心 / 内蒙古自治区燕麦工程实验室, 内蒙古呼和浩特 010019
²内蒙古农业大学, 内蒙古呼和浩特 010018
³通辽市农牧科学研究所, 内蒙古通辽 028000
⁴内蒙古农业大学职业技术学院, 内蒙古包头 014000

收稿日期:2025-08-28 接受日期:2026-01-22 出版日期:2026-04-12 网络出版日期:2026-02-06
通讯作者: ^*赵宝平, E-mail: zhaobaoping82@163.com
作者简介:崔雪梅, E-mail: 991398727@qq.com;
柳妍娣, E-mail: 1776242393@qq.com
^**同等贡献
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(32360531);国家自然科学基金项目(31960378);内蒙古自治区研究生科研创新项目(KC2024046B);财政部和农业农村部国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-07)

Study on the relationship between physiological characteristics of superior and inferior grains with yield in different oat genotypes

Cui Xue-Mei¹^,²(), Liu Yan-Di¹^,³(), Liu Jing-Hui¹^,², Mi Jun-Zhen¹^,², Wu Jun-Ying¹^,⁴, Zhao Bao-Ping¹^,²^,^*()

¹Oat Engineering Research Center of Inner Mongolia Universities / Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Oat Engineering Laboratory, Hohhot 010019, Inner Mongolia, China
²Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, Inner Mongolia, China
³Tongliao Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Tongliao 028000, Inner Mongolia, China
⁴Vocational and Technical College of Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Baotou 014000, Inner Mongolia, China

Received:2025-08-28 Accepted:2026-01-22 Published:2026-04-12 Published online:2026-02-06
Contact: ^*E-mail: zhaobaoping82@163.com
About author:^**Contributed equally to this work
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(32360531);National Natural Science Foundation of China(31960378);Research and Innovation Project for Postgraduate Students of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region(KC2024046B);China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(CARS-07)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了解燕麦强弱势粒生理特性对产量的影响, 于2021—2022年在内蒙古自治区包头市土默特右旗内蒙古农业大学现代农业产业园开展大田试验。以9个燕麦品种为试验材料, 测定燕麦灌浆期蔗糖代谢、淀粉含量和相关酶活性及成熟期籽粒产量。利用相关性分析和通径分析, 阐明燕麦强弱势粒生理特性对籽粒产量形成的生理基础。结果表明, 基于成熟期籽粒产量差异, “坝莜1号” “坝莜9号” “坝莜18号”和“草莜1号”为高产品种(2582.67~3341.29 kg hm^-2), “华北2号” “白燕5号” “白燕2号”“定莜8号”和“品5号”为低产品种(1894.05~2397.45 kg hm^-2), 且高产品种比低产品种籽粒产量显著高出5.39%~76.41%。具体而言, 高产品种强势粒蔗糖含量低于弱势粒, 但其蔗糖合酶(SUS)活性高于弱势粒; 强势粒的淀粉含量、可溶性淀粉合成酶(SSS)和腺苷二磷酸葡萄糖焦磷酸化酶(AGPase)活性均高于弱势粒, 说明强势粒对蔗糖的水解和向淀粉转化能力较强, 碳同化物的利用效率较高。各品种籽粒产量与穗上部、中部和下部的淀粉含量、SUS、SSS和AGPase活性均呈极显著正相关, 与蔗糖含量呈极显著负相关, 与穗上部蔗糖磷酸合成酶(SPS)活性呈显著负相关。通径分析表明, 强势粒中SSS对籽粒产量的正向作用最大, 而弱势粒中SUS对籽粒产量的正向作用最大。综上, 提高强势粒的淀粉合成能力及弱势粒蔗糖代谢能力对提高燕麦产量有积极影响。

关键词: 燕麦, 强弱势粒, 生理特性, 产量, 通径分析

Abstract:

To investigate the physiological characteristics of superior and inferior oat grains and their impact on yield, field experiments were conducted in 2021 and 2022 at the Modern Agricultural Science and Technology Park of Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, located in Tumd Right Banner, Baotou City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. Nine oat varieties were used as experimental materials to determine the sucrose metabolism, starch content and related enzyme activities during the grain-filling period and the grain yield at maturity. Correlation and path analyses were performed to elucidate the relationships between physiological traits of superior and inferior grains and overall yield. The results showed that, based on grain yield at maturity, Bayou 1, Bayou 9, Bayou 18, and Caoyou 1 were classified as high-yielding varieties (2582.67-3341.29 kg hm^-2), whereas Huabei 2, Baiyan 5, Baiyan 2, Dingyou 8, and Pin 5 were classified as low-yielding varieties (1894.05-2397.45 kg hm^-2). Compared to the low-yielding varieties, the grain yield of the high-yielding varieties increased significantly by 5.39% to 76.41%. Notably, although the sucrose content in superior grains was lower than in inferior grains, sucrose synthase (SUS) activity was higher. Additionally, starch content, starch synthase (SSS), and ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase) activities were all higher in superior grains than in inferior ones, indicating a higher efficiency of sucrose cleavage and conversion into starch in superior grains. Grain yield showed positive correlations with starch content, SUS, SSS, and AGPase activities in the top, middle, and bottom portions of the panicle, and negative correlations with sucrose content. Moreover, yield was negatively correlated with sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) activity specifically in the top part of the panicle. Path analysis revealed that SSS activity in superior grains had the greatest positive effect on yield, while SUS activity in inferior grains also contributed significantly. In conclusion, enhancing starch synthesis capacity in superior grains and improving sucrose metabolism in inferior grains can effectively increase oat yield.

Key words: oat, superior and inferior grains, physiological characteristics, yield, path analysis

崔雪梅, 柳妍娣, 刘景辉, 米俊珍, 武俊英, 赵宝平. 不同基因型燕麦强弱势粒生理特性与产量关系研究[J]. 作物学报, 2026, 52(4): 1220-1235.

Cui Xue-Mei, Liu Yan-Di, Liu Jing-Hui, Mi Jun-Zhen, Wu Jun-Ying, Zhao Bao-Ping. Study on the relationship between physiological characteristics of superior and inferior grains with yield in different oat genotypes[J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2026, 52(4): 1220-1235.

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链接本文: https://zwxb.chinacrops.org/CN/10.3724/SP.J.1006.2026.51079

https://zwxb.chinacrops.org/CN/Y2026/V52/I4/1220

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品种 Variety	生育期 Growth period (d)	穗型 Panicle type	小穗数 Spikelet number	熟期 Maturity period	品种来源 Variety origin
坝莜1号 Bayou 1	86-95	周散 Scattered around	21, 中 21, middle	中熟 Middle maturity	张家口市农业科学院 Zhangjiakou Academy of Agricultural Sciences
坝莜9号 Bayou 9	80-85	周散 Scattered around	30, 多 30, many	中熟 Middle maturity	张家口市农业科学院 Zhangjiakou Academy of Agricultural Sciences
坝莜18号 Bayou 18	95-100	周散 Scattered around	39, 多 39, many	晚熟 Late maturity	张家口市农业科学院 Zhangjiakou Academy of Agricultural Sciences
草莜1号 Caoyou 1	85-90	周散 Scattered around	21, 中 21, middle	早熟 Early maturity	内蒙古自治区农牧业科学院 Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural & Animal Husbandry Sciences
白燕2号 Baiyan 2	78-85	侧散 Side scattered	11, 少 11, few	早熟 Early maturity	白城市农业科学院 Baicheng Academy of Agricultural Sciences
白燕5号 Baiyan 5	78-83	侧散 Side scattered	12, 少 12, few	早熟 Early maturity	白城市农业科学院 Baicheng Academy of Agricultural Sciences
华北2号 Huabei 2	85-90	周散 Scattered around	20, 中 20, middle	中熟 Middle maturity	河北省农林科学院 Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences
定莜8号 Dingyou 8	86-90	周散 Scattered around	24, 中 24, middle	中熟 Middle maturity	定西市农业科学研究院 Dingxi City Agricultural Science Research Institute
品5号 Pin 5	95-100	侧散 Side scattered	19, 少 19, few	晚熟 Late maturity	张家口市农业科学院 Zhangjiakou Academy of Agricultural Sciences

粒位 Grain position	模型 Model	R	P
上部籽粒 Top grain	Y = -0.954+0.004X₁+0.005 X₂-0.023X₃+0.005X₄-0.0002X₅+0.032X₆	0.995	< 0.01
中部籽粒 Middle grain	Y = -0.479+0.036X₂-0.027X₃	0.937	< 0.01
下部籽粒 Bottom grain	Y = -2.826+0.036X₂	0.957	< 0.01

指标 Index	直接通径系数 Direct path coefficient	间接通径系数Indirect path coefficient							剩余通径系数 Residual path coefficient
指标 Index	直接通径系数 Direct path coefficient	蔗糖含量 Sucrose content	蔗糖合酶活性 SUS activity	蔗糖磷酸合成酶活性 SPS activity	淀粉合成酶活性 SSS activity	腺苷二磷酸葡萄糖焦磷酸化酶活性 AGPase activity	淀粉含量 Starch content	合计 Total	剩余通径系数 Residual path coefficient
蔗糖含量 Sucrose content	0.1509	—	-0.1096	-0.0419	-0.4448	0.0179	-0.2826	-0.8610	0.1047
蔗糖合酶活性 SUS activity	0.1410	-0.1173	—	0.1219	0.5235	-0.0191	0.3064	0.8154
蔗糖磷酸合成酶活性 SPS activity	-0.3115	0.0203	-0.0552	—	-0.0372	0.0037	-0.0837	-0.1521
淀粉合成酶活性 SSS activity	0.5826	-0.1152	0.1267	0.0199	—	-0.0177	0.3051	0.3188
腺苷二磷酸葡萄糖焦磷酸化酶活性 AGPase activity	-0.0214	-0.1261	0.1261	0.0546	0.4831	—	0.2980	0.8357
淀粉含量 Starch content	0.3335	-0.1279	0.1295	0.0782	0.5330	-0.0191	—	0.5937

指标 Index	直接通径系数 Direct path coefficient	间接通径系数Indirect path coefficient		合计 Total	剩余通径系数 Residual path coefficient
指标 Index	直接通径系数 Direct path coefficient	蔗糖合酶活性 SUS activity	蔗糖磷酸合成酶活性 SPS activity	合计 Total	剩余通径系数 Residual path coefficient
蔗糖合酶活性 SUS activity	0.8785	—	0.0292	0.0292	0.3498
蔗糖磷酸合成酶活性 SPS activity	-0.2334	-0.1101	—	-0.1101	0.3498

不同基因型燕麦强弱势粒生理特性与产量关系研究

Study on the relationship between physiological characteristics of superior and inferior grains with yield in different oat genotypes

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