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作物学报

作物学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (11): 3063-3073.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2023.34051

• 耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇    下一篇

镁肥用量对油菜籽产量及品质的影响

叶晓磊1(), 耿国涛1, 肖国滨2, 吕伟生2, 任涛1, 陆志峰1,*(), 鲁剑巍1   

  1. 1华中农业大学资源与环境学院 / 农业农村部长江中下游耕地保育重点实验室, 湖北武汉 430070
    2江西省红壤及种质资源研究所, 江西南昌 331717
  • 收稿日期:2023-03-10 接受日期:2023-05-24 出版日期:2023-11-12 网络出版日期:2023-06-14
  • 通讯作者: 陆志峰, E-mail: zhifenglu@mail.hzau.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:E-mail: yexiaolei@webmail.hzau.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(32272820);财政部和农业农村部国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-12);中央高校基本科研业务费专项基金(2662021ZHQD002);国际镁营养研究所合作项目(IMI2018-02)

Effects of magnesium application rate on yield and quality in oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.)

YE Xiao-Lei1(), GENG Guo-Tao1, XIAO Guo-Bin2, LYU Wei-Sheng2, REN Tao1, LU Zhi-Feng1,*(), LU Jian-Wei1   

  1. 1College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University / Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation in Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
    2Jiangxi Institute of Red Soil and Germplasm Resources, Nanchang 331717, Jiangxi, China
  • Received:2023-03-10 Accepted:2023-05-24 Published:2023-11-12 Published online:2023-06-14
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China(32272820);China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(CARS-12);Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2662021ZHQD002);International Magnesium Institute(IMI2018-02)

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摘要：

我国冬油菜主产区土壤缺镁严重, 为明确镁肥施用在油菜增产提质上的作用, 于2020/2021和2021/2022油菜种植季在江西进贤和湖南安仁开展田间试验, 共设置0、15、30、45和60 kg MgO hm-2 5个镁肥施用量。研究了镁肥用量对油菜籽产量及其构成因子、籽粒镁含量、含油率和脂肪酸组成的影响。结果表明, 施镁显著增加了油菜籽粒产量(增幅为12.0%~77.1%), 当镁肥用量为21.4~45.6 kg MgO hm-2时菜籽产量达到最高。与不施镁肥相比, 施镁使油菜单株角果数、每角粒数和千粒重分别增加了5.0%~64.7%、1.8%~19.6%和7.1%~8.7%, 但对收获密度影响不显著。施镁后籽粒镁含量增幅为5.0%~30.3%, 含油率增加了0.63~5.11个百分点, 蛋白质含量下降了1.45~2.34个百分点, 籽粒含水率和硫甙含量则无明显变化。镁肥施用显著增加了单位面积籽粒产油量(14.4%~83.4%)和蛋白产量(9.8%~68.1%), 当镁肥用量为30~45 MgO hm-2时产油量达到最高。从脂肪酸组成来看, 施镁对籽粒油酸含量和亚麻酸含量有提升作用, 增幅分别为4.4%~16.0%和3.8%~40.8%, 但降低了亚油酸含量, 降幅为1.2%~10.1%, 对其他脂肪酸组分的影响则较小。综上, 施镁有利于提高油菜产量及其构成因子(单株角果数、每角粒数、千粒重)、籽粒含油量及不饱和脂肪酸含量, 实现产量和品质的协同提升。当镁肥用量为30~45 MgO hm-2时产量与产油量均达到较高水平。

关键词: 镁肥, 油菜, 产量构成, 脂肪酸组成, 镁含量

Abstract:

Magnesium (Mg) deficiency is one of the most serious problems in the main producing area of rapeseed in China. To evaluate the effectiveness of Mg fertilizer on seed yield and quality, field experiments were conducted at Jinxian, Jiangxi province and Anren, Hunan province during the 2020/2021 and 2021/2022 cropping seasons, with five Mg application rates (0, 15, 30, 45, and 60 kg MgO hm-2). Rapeseed yield and its components, seed Mg content, oil content, and fatty acid components were analyzed. The results showed that Mg application increased rapeseed yield by 12.0%-77.1%. Mg application rate for maximal seed yield was 21.4-45.6 kg MgO hm-2. Mg fertilizer increased the number of pods, number of seeds per pod, and 1000-weight by 5.0%-64.7%, 1.8%-19.6%, and 7.1%-8.7%, respectively, which had no significant effect on harvest density. After the application of Mg fertilizer, seed Mg concentration increased by 5.0%-30.3%, and the oil content increased by 0.63%-5.11%, but protein content reduced by 1.45%-2.34%. Seed water and glucosinolate concentration were independent of Mg nutrition. Mg application increased oil yield and protein yield per unit area by 14.4%-83.4% and 9.8%-68.1%, respectively. The amount of Mg fertilizer corresponding to the highest oil production was 30-45 MgO hm-2. As for fatty acid composition, Mg application increased the content of oleic acid and linolenic acid in seeds by 4.4%-16.0% and 3.8%-40.8%, respectively, but decreased the content of linoleic acid by 1.2%-10.1%, which had a non-significant effect on other fatty acid components. In conclusion, Mg application was crucial to the synergistic improvement of yield and quality by improving seed yield and its components (the number of pods per plant, the number of grains per pod, and 1000-grain weight), seed oil content, and the unsaturated fatty acid content. The amount of Mg fertilizer corresponding to the highest yield and oil production was 30-45 MgO hm-2.

Key words: magnesium fertilizer, rapeseed, yield composition, fatty acid composition, magnesium content

表1

供试土壤基础理化性质"

年份
Year		 地点
Experimental site		 pH 有机质
Organic matter
(g kg-1)		 全氮
Total N
(g kg-1)		 速效磷
Available P
(mg kg-1)		 速效钾
Available K
(mg kg-1)		 有效镁Available Mg
(mg kg-1)
2020-2021 江西进贤 Jinxian, Jiangxi 5.13 23.1 2.13 14.6 246.6 83.8
湖南安仁 Anren, Hunan 5.41 8.4 0.71 11.6 99.9 23.8
2021-2022 江西进贤 Jinxian, Jiangxi 4.96 22.2 1.29 38.7 195.0 93.2
湖南安仁 Anren, Hunan 5.06 29.5 1.65 11.6 71.0 73.5

图1

镁肥用量对油菜籽产量的影响 同一地点不同小写字母表示不同镁肥水平间差异显著(P < 0.05)。"

表2

镁肥用量对油菜产量构成因子的影响"

年份
Year		 试验地点
Experimental site		 镁肥用量
Magnesium
application rate
(kg hm-2)		 产量构成因子 Yield composition
收获密度
Harvest density
(plants m-2)		 单株角果数
Pod number		 每角粒数
Seed per pod		 千粒重
1000-seed weight
(g)
2020-2021 进贤Jinxian 0 48.0±1.6 a 215±18 b 21.3±1.9 a 4.53±0.12 a
15 44.0±5.7 a 276±7 a 21.0±2.2 a 4.45±0.04 a
30 46.7±3.4 a 260±10 ab 20.7±2.5 a 4.56±0.10 a
45 47.0±5.1 a 296±52 a 21.0±0.8 a 4.46±0.04 a
60 48.3±3.3 a 312±12 a 19.3±3.4 a 4.41±0.02 a
安仁Anren 0 54.1±3.8 a 140±2 a 16.8±1.0 b 3.67±0.03 b
15 54.8±1.9 a 131±11 a 18.7±0.5 ab 3.99±0.09 a
30 48.1±1.6 a 140±25 a 17.1±1.2 b 3.95±0.07 a
45 47.0±6.1 a 151±23 a 17.5±2.3 ab 3.94±0.07 a
60 49.3±3.7 a 122±9 a 20.1±0.1 a 3.93±0.08 a
试验地点 Experimental site (S) * ** ** **
镁肥用量 Magnesium application rate (Mg) ns ns ns ns
试验地点×镁肥用量 S×Mg ns * ns ns
2021-2022 进贤Jinxian 0 39.5±1.0 a 103±6 c 24.3±0.4 a 4.40±0.31 a
15 38.7±2.3 a 120±8 bc 24.3±0.2 a 4.35±0.11 a
30 43.2±3.9 a 121±13 abc 24.3±0.4 a 4.23±0.21 a
45 38.1±4.3 a 140±3 a 24.4±0.2 a 4.37±0.13 a
60 41.1±5.2 a 124±9 ab 25.0±0.2 a 4.21±0.16 a
安仁Anren 0 41.2±2.3 a 119±3 c 17.6±0.2 a 4.64±0.11 a
15 42.1±0.7 a 125±10 c
 17.9±0.8 a 4.54±0.08 a
30 43.1±1.9 a 163±3 b 17.9±0.1 a 4.59±0.04 a
45 42.1±4.0 a 168±1 b 18.6±1.1 a 4.38±0.21 a
60 42.6±1.7 a 196±14 a 18.7±1.0 a 4.57±0.03 a
试验地点 Experimental site (S) * ** ** **
镁肥用量 Magnesium application rate (Mg) ns ** ns ns
试验地点×镁肥用量 S×Mg ns ** ns ns

图2

镁肥用量对油菜籽粒镁含量的影响 不同小写字母表示不同镁肥水平间差异显著(P < 0.05)。*和**分别表示在0.05和0.01概率水平差异显著, ns表示无显著差异。"

表3

镁肥用量对油菜籽主要成分含量的影响"

年份
Year		 试验地点
Experimental site		 镁肥施用量
Magnesium
application rate
(kg hm-2)		 含水率
Water content (%)		 含油率
Oil content
(%)		 蛋白质含量
Protein content (%)		 硫甙含量
Glucosinolate content
(μmol g-1)
2020-2021 进贤Jinxian 0 5.31±0.61 a 45.82±1.10 b 23.23±0.86 a 30.06±5.80 a
15 5.22±0.55 a 48.10±0.48 a 21.52±0.80 ab 29.99±10.78 a
30 5.69±0.27 a 48.64±0.52 a 21.81±0.82 ab 30.42±0.66 a
45 5.32±0.55 a 48.01±0.48 a 21.56±0.80 ab 29.89±3.87 a
60 5.48±0.27 a 48.75±0.79 a 21.17±0.65 b 30.33±4.95 a
安仁Anren 0 4.70±0.38 a 40.93±1.05 a 26.11±1.29 ab 24.15±10.46 a
15 5.01±0.12 a 41.75±1.08 a 27.71±0.76 a 25.03±9.26 a
30 4.50±0.10 a 41.80±0.62 a 26.64±0.47 ab 23.80±1.71 a
45 4.65±0.97 a 42.76±1.18 a 24.42±2.03 c 23.37±3.77 a
60 4.58±0.53 a 42.82±0.33 a 24.10±1.42 c 26.49±5.58 a
试验地点 Experimental site (S) ** ** ** ns
镁肥用量 Magnesium application rate (Mg) ns ** * ns
试验地点×镁肥用量 S×Mg ns ns ns ns
2021-2022 进贤Jinxian 0 5.65±0.23 a 48.24±0.16 b 23.54±0.30 a 32.91±9.80 a
15 5.55±0.28 a 48.88±0.21 ab 23.07±0.64 ab 31.00±11.71 a
30 5.36±0.23 a 50.07±0.99 a 22.88±0.80 ab 38.52±5.63 a
45 5.65±0.24 a 49.67±0.67 ab 22.09±0.04 b 27.97±6.47 a
60 5.45±0.55 a 48.87±0.75 ab 22.37±0.25 ab 24.85±10.26 a
安仁Anren 0 4.95±0.19 a 37.98±1.70 b 29.23±0.52 a 24.15±10.46 a
15 4.68±0.41 a 40.62±1.09 ab 29.41±0.54 a 22.39±11.26 a
30 4.68±0.25 a 42.48±1.27 a 27.99±0.67 ab 23.80±1.71 a
45 5.18±0.42 a 43.09±2.17 a 26.89±1.70 b 23.37±3.77 a
60 4.91±0.19 a 41.58±1.01 a 27.34±0.50 ab 26.49±5.58 a
试验地点 Experimental site (S) ** ** ** ns
镁肥用量 Magnesium application rate (Mg) ns ** ** ns
试验地点×镁肥用量 S×Mg ns ns ns ns

表4

镁肥用量对菜籽油脂肪酸组成的影响"

年份
Year		 试验地点
Experimental
site		 镁肥用量
Magnesium
application rate
(kg hm-2)		 不饱和脂肪酸
Unsaturated fatty acids		 饱和脂肪酸
Saturated fatty acids
油酸
Oleic acid content (%)		 亚油酸
Linoleic acid content (%)		 亚麻酸
Linolenic acid content (%)		 芥酸
Erucic acid content (%)		 硬脂酸
Stearic acid content (%)		 棕榈酸
Palmitic acid content (%)
2020-2021 进贤Jinxian 0 44.53±1.06 c 19.66±0.71 a 8.16±0.84 a 2.26±0.98 a 1.54±0.30 a 4.24±0.17 a
15 46.66±1.01 bc 18.36±0.49 ab 8.12±0.98 a 1.82±0.43 a 1.74±0.15 a 4.33±0.04 a
30 49.02±2.30 ab 17.40±1.22 ab 8.74±1.47 a 1.72±0.66 a 1.68±0.24 a 4.21±0.12 a
45 48.46±1.79 ab 17.20±1.29 b 9.46±1.31 a 1.86±0.21 a 1.72±0.14 a 4.49±0.09 a
60 51.67±1.45 a 17.67±0.87 ab 9.57±1.08 a 1.10±0.15 a 1.76±0.35 a 4.51±0.22 a
安仁Anren 0 56.80±0.41 b 21.24±0.73 a 5.66±0.10 b 1.87±0.79 a 2.69±0.31 a 4.67±0.17 a
15 55.19±2.44 b 20.98±0.78 ab 6.77±1.43 ab 2.07±0.85 a 2.68±0.15 a 4.68±0.22 a
30 55.39±1.17 b 20.17±0.11 ab 7.6±0.89 ab 1.82±0.83 a 2.87±0.28 a 4.87±0.19 a
45 60.30±2.86 ab 20.01±0.64 ab 7.63±0.24 ab 1.09±0.12 a 2.93±0.09 a 4.91±0.32 a
60 63.41±3.48 a 19.83±0.13 b 7.97±1.21 a 1.00±0.01 a 2.87±0.15 a 5.14±0.20 a
试验地点
Experimental site (S)		 ** ** ** ns ** **
镁肥用量
Magnesium application rate (Mg)		 ** * ns ns ns ns
试验地点×镁肥用量 S×Mg ns ns ns ns ns ns
2021-2022 进贤Jinxian 0 55.01±1.51 b 18.00±0.59 a 9.51±0.05 a 2.05±1.15 ab 0.73±0.21 a 4.11±0.17 a
15 57.44±1.34 ab 16.69±0.45 a 9.70±0.62 a 1.82±0.43 ab 0.64±0.10 a 4.05±0.18 a
30 60.22±0.41 a 17.70±0.79 a 9.81±0.36 a 2.50±0.13 a 0.65±0.37 a 4.21±0.33 a
45 59.84±0.60 a 17.85±0.99 a 9.93±0.51 a 2.08±0.33 ab 0.53±0.31 a 4.27±0.10 a
60 58.53±2.30 ab 17.23±1.39 a 10.05±0.73 a 1.10±0.15 b 0.75±0.20 a 4.01±0.15 a
安仁Anren 0 55.32±3.75 a 17.42±1.42 a 10.64±0.35 b 1.87±0.79 a 1.13±0.22 a 4.66±0.07 a
15 57.80±2.35 a 17.48±0.92 a 11.05±0.26 ab 1.70±0.99 a 0.94±0.11 a 4.68±0.29 a
30 59.68±2.87 a 17.19±1.18 a 11.57±0.51 a 1.82±0.83 a 1.13±0.09 a 4.69±0.50 a
45 58.94±1.00 a 16.90±0.32 a 11.24±0.41 ab 1.09±0.12 a 1.20±0.07 a 4.76±0.34 a
60 57.40±2.27 a 17.26±0.83 a 11.06±0.60 ab 1.00±0.01 a 1.10±0.06 a 4.69±0.31 a
试验地点
Experimental site (S)		 ns ns ** ns ns **
镁肥用量
Magnesium application rate (Mg)		 * ns ns ns ns ns
试验地点×镁肥用量 S×Mg ns ns ns ns ns ns

表5

镁肥用量对油菜籽产油量和蛋白产量的影响"

年份
Year		 试验地点
Experimental site		 镁肥用量
Magnesium application rate (kg hm-2)		 理论产油量
Rapeseed oil production
(kg hm-2)		 理论蛋白产量
Protein production
(kg hm-2)
2020-2021 进贤Jinxian 0 421.5±11.5 c 214.2±16.1 c
15 548.8±57.0 b 246.6±36.5 bc
30 630.9±42.9 b 283.9±32.4 ab
45 726.7±38.0 a 326.8±25.7 a
60 730.1±30.4 a 317.1±14.1 a
安仁Anren 0 703.0±9.7 d 449.0±28.3 b
15 804.3±10.4 c 533.9±14.7 a
30 818.6±26.5 bc 521.6±13.5 a
45 861.3±17.4 ab 493.0±53.4 ab
60 888.5±36.7 a 498.8±7.6 ab
试验地点 Experimental site (S) ** **
镁肥用量 Magnesium application rate (Mg) ** **
试验地点×镁肥用量 S×Mg * ns
2021-2022 进贤Jinxian 0 475.2±43.8 c 232.2±25.1 c
15 621.9±43.5 b 294.0±27.8 b
30 790.7±26.7 a 362.3±31.0 a
45 871.4±54.9 a 387.3±19.5 a
60 853.1±40.7 a 390.3±12.6 a
安仁Anren 0 498.5±7.5 d 384.5±21.8 c
15 628.2±77.1 c 454.6±52.7 bc
30 791.1±19.1 b 521.3±13.8 ab
45 909.8±23.2 a 569.8±55.2 a
60 886.5±17.5 a 583.5±28.2 a
试验地点 Experimental site (S) ** ns
镁肥用量 Magnesium application rate (Mg) ** *
试验地点×镁肥用量 S×Mg * ns

图3

各指标相关性分析 *、**、***分别表示在0.05、0.01、0.001概率水平显著相关。"

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