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作物学报

作物学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (11): 3042-3062.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2023.22054

• 耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇    下一篇

光强和氮肥互作对南方软米粳稻灌浆结实期碳氮代谢影响及其与产量品质间关系

陈心怡(), 朱盈, 马中涛, 张明月, 魏海燕(), 张洪程, 刘国栋, 胡群, 李光彦, 许方甫   

  1. 扬州大学江苏省作物遗传生理重点实验室 / 农业农村部长江流域稻作技术创新中心 / 江苏省粮食作物现代产业技术协同创新中心, 江苏扬州 225009
  • 收稿日期:2022-09-25 接受日期:2023-05-24 出版日期:2023-11-12 网络出版日期:2023-05-31
  • 通讯作者: 魏海燕, E-mail: wei_haiyan@163.com, Tel: 0514-87974595
  • 作者简介:E-mail: 2215502977@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(31971841);财政部和农业农村部国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(Rice, CARS-01);山东省重点研发计划课题项目(2021LZGC020-03);国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFD2301401);江苏高校优势学科建设工程(PAPD)项目

Effects of light intensity and nitrogen fertilizer interaction on carbon and nitrogen metabolism at grain-filling stage and its relationship with yield and quality of southern soft japonica rice

CHEN Xin-Yi(), ZHU Ying, MA Zhong-Tao, ZHANG Ming-Yue, WEI Hai-Yan(), ZHANG Hong-Cheng, LIU Guo-Dong, HU Qun, LI Guang-Yan, XU Fang-Fu   

  1. Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology / Innovation Center of Rice Cultivation Technology in Yangtze Valley, Ministry of Agriculture / Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
  • Received:2022-09-25 Accepted:2023-05-24 Published:2023-11-12 Published online:2023-05-31
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China(31971841);China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(Rice, CARS-01);Key Research Program of Shandong Province, China(2021LZGC020-03);National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFD2301401);Priority Subject Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (PAPD)

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摘要：

以南方软米粳稻南粳9108和扬农香28为材料, 设置2个光强处理和4种氮肥处理, 其中光强处理于结实期展开, 分为100%自然光照强度(L1)和50%自然光照强度(L2), 氮肥处理为生长中后期不施氮肥(N1), 分别于倒六叶(N2)、倒四叶(N3)、倒二叶(N4)期一次性施用氮肥, 研究了不同光照强度、氮肥施用时期及光氮互作条件下水稻结实期碳氮代谢差异及其对产量和品质的影响。结果表明, 结实期光强减弱, 剑叶净光合速率下降7.35%~42.36%、叶片中蔗糖磷酸合酶(SPS)和蔗糖合酶(SS)酶活性下降, 叶片C/N比下降3.98~6.49, 光合产物向籽粒输送减少, 籽粒中淀粉(包括直链淀粉)含量降低, 同时叶片中硝酸还原酶(NR)、谷氨酰胺合酶(GS)、谷氨酸合酶(GOGAT)活性增强, 植株含氮率提升, 蛋白质含量相对增加, 不利于产量和优良品质的形成。中后期施用氮肥后, 叶片中碳氮代谢关键酶活性显著提高、叶片的衰老减缓, 水稻的灌浆结实期延长, 有利于产量的提升。随中后期氮肥施用时期推迟, 氮代谢愈发旺盛, 籽粒中蛋白质含量相对明显增加, 导致淀粉与蛋白质、直链淀粉与蛋白质的比值均下降, 食味值下降。本试验条件下, 正常光照配合倒四叶施用氮肥处理(L1~N3)能够协同提高叶片碳氮代谢关键酶活性, 使得光合产物和含氮化合物以适宜的比例向籽粒输送, 最终籽粒中淀粉与蛋白质的比值在11.43~12.03之间, 直链淀粉与蛋白质的比值在1.34~1.50之间, 米饭的硬度低, 黏度、平衡性高, 食味好, 可同时获得高产和优质。

关键词: 水稻, 光照, 氮肥, 碳氮代谢, 产量, 品质

Abstract:

Southern soft japonica rice Nanjing 9108 and Yangnongxiang 28 were selected as the experimental materials, and two light intensity treatments, and four nitrogen treatments were set. Light intensity treatments [100% natural light intensity (L1) and 50% natural light intensity (L2)] and four nitrogen treatments [no nitrogen fertilizer (N1) in the middle and late growth stages, one-time nitrogen fertilizer applied at the top sixth leaf stage (N2), one-time nitrogen fertilizer applied at the top fourth leaf stage (N3), and one-time nitrogen fertilizer applied at the top second leaf stage (N4)] were conducted at grain-filling stage. The difference of carbon and nitrogen metabolism at grain-filling stage and its effects on rice yield and quality under the conditions of different light intensity and nitrogen application period as well as light-nitrogen interaction conditions were investigated. The results showed that with the decrease of light intensity at grain-filling stage the net photosynthetic rate of flag leaf decreased by 7.35%-42.36% on average, sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS), and sucrose synthase (SS) had low activity, the C/N ratio of leaves decreased by 3.98-6.49, the transportation of photosynthetic products to grains decreased, and the content of grain starch (including amylose) decreased. Meanwhile, the activities of nitrate reductase (NR), glutamine synthetase (GS), and glutamate synthetase (GOGAT) increased, plant nitrogen concentration increased, and the accumulation of protein increased relatively, which were not conducive to the formation of yield and good quality. After the application of nitrogen fertilizer at the middle and late growth stages, the activities of key enzyme in carbon and nitrogen metabolism in leaves were significantly increased, the aging of leaves was slowed down, and the grain-filling period of rice was prolonged, which were conducive to the increase of yield. With the delay of nitrogen fertilizer application period, nitrogen metabolism became more vigorous, and the protein content in grain had a relative significant increase, resulting in the decrease of the ratio of starch to protein and the ratio of amylose to protein, and the decrease of taste value. Under the experimental condition, normal light intensity combined with nitrogen fertilizer treatment (L1-N3) at the top fourth leaf stage synergistically improved the activities of key enzymes of carbon and nitrogen metabolism in leaves, thus the photosynthetic products and nitrogen-containing compounds were transported to grains in the appropriate proportions. Ultimately, the ratio of starch to protein in grain ranged from 11.43 to 12.03, and the ratio of amylose to protein ranged from 1.34 to 1.50, the rice had low hardness, high viscosity, and balance as well as good taste, high yield, and excellent quality could be obtained simultaneously.

Key words: rice, light, nitrogen fertilizer, carbon and nitrogen metabolism, yield, rice quality

表1

不同光强处理下氮肥用量"

光处理
Light
treatment		 氮素处理Nitrogen treatment 总施氮量
Total
nitrogen		 施氮量Nitrogen application rate
基肥
Base
fertilizer		 分蘖肥
Tiller
fertilizer		 中后期施肥倒数叶龄期
Reciprocal leaf age of the middle and
late stage of fertilization
6 4 2
L1 N1 189 94.5 94.5
N2 270 94.5 94.5 81
N3 270 94.5 94.5 81
N4 270 94.5 94.5 81
L2 N1 189 94.5 94.5
N2 270 94.5 94.5 81
N3 270 94.5 94.5 81
N4 270 94.5 94.5 81

表2

不同光、氮条件下南方软米粳稻花后剑叶净光合速率的差异"

品种
Cultivar		 处理
Treatment		 开花期
Anthesis		 花后7 d
7 days after
anthesis		 花后14 d
14 days after
anthesis		 花后21 d
21 days after
anthesis		 花后28 d
28 days after
anthesis		 花后35 d
35 days after anthesis		 花后42 d
42 days after anthesis		 成熟期
Maturity
南粳9108
Nanjing 9108		 L1N1 19.70 d 25.83 c 24.78 d 22.43 c 21.28 c 18.46 d 15.20 c 12.50 d
L1N2 20.36 c 26.58 bc 25.53 c 23.15 b 22.16 bc 19.81 c 16.08 bc 13.35 c
L1N3 21.57 b 27.34 b 26.17 b 24.34 a 23.27 ab 20.78 b 17.18 ab 13.98 b
L1N4 22.81 a 28.56 a 26.97 a 24.61 a 24.15 a 21.95 a 18.06 a 14.73 a
L2N1 14.92 f 21.34 f 18.11 g 15.83 f 15.78 e 13.05 g 9.73 e 7.26 g
L2N2 16.68 e 23.90 d 20.62 e 18.71 d 17.96 d 15.92 e 11.90 d 9.57 e
L2N3 16.40 e 22.57 e 20.05 f 17.94 e 16.68 de 15.14 ef 10.63 de 8.92 f
L2N4 16.25 e 22.70 e 19.89 f 17.89 e 16.52 e 14.75 f 10.47 e 8.49 f
扬农香28
Yangnong-
xiang 28		 L1N1 16.28 d 26.79 c 23.23 c 18.97 b 22.84 c 17.46 c 16.76 c 11.56 d
L1N2 17.32 c 27.46 bc 24.23 b 19.18 b 23.56 c 18.85 b 17.47 c 12.28 c
L1N3 18.62 b 28.38 ab 25.27 a 20.91 a 24.70 b 19.15 b 18.61 b 12.97 b
L1N4 19.13 a 29.57 a 25.83 a 21.17 a 25.72 a 20.88 a 19.62 a 14.46 a
L2N1 12.57 g 20.39 e 18.35 f 15.02 e 17.46 e 14.46 e 11.40 e 7.66 g
L2N2 15.05 e 22.10 d 21.78 d 17.77 c 18.95 d 16.28 d 12.89 d 9.50 e
L2N3 14.81 e 21.24 de 20.50 e 16.78 d 18.40 de 15.57 de 12.34 de 8.79 f
L2N4 14.31 f 20.82 e 20.37 e 16.82 cd 18.48 de 15.46 de 12.42 de 8.58 f
F值
F -value		 光处理
Light (L)		 304.00** 1309.15** 1863.68** 8495.97** 39,554.55** 1,302,755.37** 31,482.96** 12,543.97**
氮处理Nitrogen (N) 108.97** 44.43** 144.74** 82.76** 33.05** 69.17** 69.98** 181.28**
光处理×氮处理L×N 25.38** 46.72** 52.11** 46.84** 15.89** 31.18** 33.66** 115.94**

表3

不同光、氮条件下南方软米粳稻叶面积指数及叶面积衰减率的差异"

品种
Cultivar		 处理
Treatment		 叶面积指数Leaf area index 叶面积衰减率
Leaf area attenuation rate
(LAI d-1)
拔节期Shooting 抽穗期Heading 成熟期Maturity
南粳9108
Nanjing 9108		 L1N1 3.90 c 7.01 c 2.64 d 0.0951 a
L1N2 4.85 a 7.33 b 2.78 d 0.0988 a
L1N3 4.31 b 7.72 a 3.54 b 0.0852 b
L1N4 3.91 c 7.02 c 3.14 c 0.0731 d
L2N1 3.91 c 7.03 c 3.07 c 0.0862 b
L2N2 4.86 a 7.32 b 3.84 a 0.0756 cd
L2N3 4.32 b 7.71 a 3.82 a 0.0793 c
L2N4 3.91 c 7.02 c 3.61 b 0.0642 e
扬农香28
Yangnongxiang 28		 L1N1 3.78 c 7.08 d 2.89 d 0.0912 a
L1N2 4.77 a 7.49 b 3.21 d 0.093 a
L1N3 4.30 b 7.87 a 3.53 b 0.0885 b
L1N4 3.80 c 7.20 c 3.21 c 0.0751 ef
L2N1 3.77 c 7.08 d 3.16 c 0.0851 c
L2N2 4.78 a 7.48 b 3.95 a 0.0766 e
L2N3 4.31 b 7.88 a 3.82 a 0.0828 d
L2N4 3.78 c 7.22 c 3.31 c 0.0738 f
F值 光处理Light (L) NS NS 5952.438** 2178.858*
F-value 氮处理Nitrogen (N) 73.54** 56.332** 84.698** 131.993**
光处理×氮处理L×N NS NS 20.908** 21.290**

图1

不同光强、氮肥条件下南方软米粳稻花后叶片中蔗糖合酶(SS)、蔗糖磷酸合酶(SPS)的差异 图中“L1, L2”分别指结实期100%自然光照强度和50%自然光照强度, “N2, N3, N4”分别指中后期于倒六叶, 倒四叶, 倒二叶施用氮肥, “N1”指中后期不施氮肥处理。图中所标注的字母为蔗糖合酶和蔗糖磷酸合酶活性的显著性, 不同字母表示在0.05概率水平差异显著。"

图2

不同光、氮条件下南方软米粳稻花后叶片中可溶性糖和淀粉含量的差异 处理同图1。图中所标注字母为叶片淀粉和可溶性糖含量的显著性, 不同字母表示在0.05概率水平差异显著。"

图3

不同光、氮条件下南方软米粳稻花后籽粒中可溶性糖和淀粉含量的差异 处理同图1。图中所标注字母为籽粒淀粉和可溶性糖含量的显著性, 不同字母表示在0.05概率水平差异显著。"

图4

不同光、氮条件下南方软米粳稻花后叶片中硝酸还原酶(NR)、谷氨酰胺合酶(GS)和谷氨酸合酶(GOGAT)的差异 处理同图1。图中所标注字母为硝酸还原酶、谷氨酰胺合酶和谷氨酸合酶的显著性, 不同字母表示在0.05概率水平差异显著。"

表4

不同光、氮条件下南方软米粳稻花后高效叶片SPAD值的差异"

品种
Cultivar		 处理
Treatment		 开花期Anthesis 花后7 d
7 days after anthesis		 花后14 d
14 days after anthesis		 花后21 d
21 days after anthesis		 花后28 d
28 days after anthesis		 花后35 d
35 days after anthesis		 花后42 d
42 days after anthesis		 成熟期Maturity 成熟期/开花期
Maturity /Anthesis
南粳9108
Nanjing 9108		 L1N1 36.19 f 42.30 h 40.95 h 38.04 f 38.48 h 31.19 g 25.06 h 16.44 h 0.45 b
L1N2 38.65 e 43.53 g 43.06 g 41.37 e 39.53 g 33.17 f 26.38 g 18.05 g 0.47 b
L1N3 41.36 d 45.64 f 44.61 f 44.31 d 40.96 f 34.03 f 27.90 f 18.98 f 0.46 b
L1N4 43.83 ab 47.35 e 46.89 e 45.05 d 42.79 e 36.91 e 29.22 e 21.40 e 0.49 b
L2N1 39.26 e 49.27 d 48.15 d 46.44 c 45.34 d 42.21 d 37.93 d 24.35 d 0.62 a
L2N2 41.02 cd 50.44 c 49.37 c 47.53 b 47.49 c 44.39 c 40.42 c 25.84 c 0.63 a
L2N3 42.13 bc 52.79 b 51.35 b 48.35 ab 49.82 b 46.53 b 42.07 b 26.58 b 0.63 a
L2N4 43.86 a 53.06 a 52.34 a 48.98 a 51.23 a 48.27 a 44.75 a 28.22 a 0.64 a
扬农香28
Yangnongxiang28		 L1N1 37.09 e 41.93 h 40.23 g 38.79 g 32.29 h 26.34 h 21.64 h 15.17 h 0.41 c
L1N2 38.99 d 43.76 g 42.62 f 40.03 f 36.89 g 27.56 g 23.23 g 17.37 g 0.45 bc
L1N3 41.38 c 45.35 f 43.74 e 41.71 e 38.37 f 28.62 f 24.75 f 18.48 f 0.45 bc
L1N4 43.47 ab 46.70 e 44.14 e 42.95 d 39.98 e 30.28 e 26.18 e 20.67 e 0.48 b
L2N1 40.22 c 49.99 d 47.02 d 44.30 c 43.57 d 34.77 d 30.87 d 25.65 d 0.64 a
L2N2 42.59 b 51.77 c 48.53 c 46.85 b 44.70 c 36.09 c 32.69 c 26.57 c 0.62 a
L2N3 43.12 b 52.64 b 49.82 b 47.92 b 46.99 b 37.93 b 33.57 b 27.67 b 0.64 a
L2N4 44.49 a 53.95 a 51.49 a 50.70 a 48.40 a 39.97 a 34.75 a 28.89 a 0.65 a
F值
F -value		 光处理Light (L) NS 4577.15** 356.73** 3605.25** 2849.35** 1483.47** 11,341.73** 2433.76** 145.82**
氮处理Nitrogen (N) 60.04** 778.83** 246.67** 61.36** 150.01** 198.30** 441.72** 112.09** 5.30*
光处理×氮处理L×N NS 20.54** 7.11** 14.90** 5.67* 3.55* 23.98** 7.13** NS

表5

不同光、氮条件下南方软米粳稻花后叶片含氮率的差异"

品种
Cultivar		 处理
Treatment		 含氮率Nitrogen content (%)
开花期 花后7 d 花后14 d 花后21 d 花后28 d 花后35 d 花后42 d 成熟期
Anthesis 7 days after anthesis 14 days after anthesis 21 days after anthesis 28 days after anthesis 35 days after anthesis 42 days after anthesis Maturity
南粳9108
Nanjing 9108		 L1N1 2.69 d 2.38 f 2.160 h 1.79 f 1.56 g 1.45 g 1.31 h 1.23 f
L1N2 2.96 c 2.77 e 2.45 g 2.18 e 1.73 f 1.63 f 1.41 g 1.28 ef
L1N3 3.14 b 2.89 d 2.54 f 2.28 d 1.93 e 1.74 e 1.52 f 1.31 e
L1N4 3.35 a 3.02 c 2.65 e 2.35 c 1.94 e 1.83 d 1.58 e 1.39 d
L2N1 2.70 d 2.89 d 2.73 d 2.35 c 2.01 d 1.95 c 1.62 d 1.48 c
L2N2 2.96 c 3.01 c 2.87 c 2.49 b 2.17 c 1.99 bc 1.81 c 1.55 b
L2N3 3.15 b 3.14 b 2.95 b 2.51 b 2.23 b 2.04 b 1.87 b 1.59 ab
L2N4 3.36 a 3.25 a 3.11 a 2.75 a 2.39 a 2.13 a 1.99 a 1.62 a
扬农香28
Yangnongxiang 28		 L1N1 2.45 a 2.27 e 2.11 f 1.84 g 1.69 h 1.56 h 1.39 g 1.31 g
L1N2 2.78 b 2.53 d 2.24 e 2.08 f 1.74 g 1.61 g 1.48 f 1.39 f
L1N3 3.47 c 2.70 c 2.45 d 2.18 e 1.82 f 1.70 f 1.50 f 1.45 e
L1N4 3.50 d 2.97 b 2.95 a 2.53 d 2.07 e 1.81 e 1.58 e 1.48 de
L2N1 2.46 a 2.71 c 2.70 c 2.55 d 2.24 d 1.94 d 1.77 d 1.52 d
L2N2 2.79 b 2.97 b 2.73 c 2.60 c 2.36 c 2.09 c 1.85 c 1.64 c
L2N3 3.49 c 3.09 ab 2.84 b 2.76 b 2.41 b 2.16 b 1.93 b 1.68 b
L2N4 3.51 d 3.16 a 2.92 ab 2.89 a 2.56 a 2.23 a 1.99 a 1.73 a
F值
F-value		 光处理Light (L) NS 6713.07** 7528.59** 24091.47** 7921.00** 6275.21** 33,718.14** 1148.85*
氮处理Nitrogen (N) 340.51** 756.47** 504.46** 1100.79** 1455.96** 284.47** 613.90** 211.70**
光处理×氮处理L×N NS 76.74** 22.05** 121.07** 74.62** 42.82** 19.29** 359.65**

表6

不同光、氮条件下南方软米粳稻花后植株含氮率及N素积累的差异"

品种
Cultivar		 处理
Treatment		 含氮率Nitrogen content (%) 氮素积累量(抽穗期至成熟期)
Nitrogen accumulation
(kg hm-2)
开花期
Anthesis		 花后7 d
7 days after anthesis		 花后14 d
14 days after anthesis		 花后21 d
21 days after anthesis		 花后28 d
28 days after anthesis		 花后35 d
35 days after anthesis		 花后42 d
42 days after anthesis		 成熟期
Maturity
南粳9108
Nanjing 9108		 L1N1 1.14 d 1.12 h 1.09 g 0.97 g 0.96 f 0.95 g 0.94 f 0.90 g 21.89 d
L1N2 1.47 c 1.17 g 1.12 f 1.02 f 0.97 f 0.97 fg 0.95 f 0.94 f 25.12 c
L1N3 1.54 b 1.24 f 1.23 e 1.14 e 1.09 e 1.01 f 1.02 e 0.97 ef 35.14 a
L1N4 1.60 a 1.26 e 1.25 de 1.15 e 1.15 de 1.07 e 1.03 e 1.00 e 28.40 b
L2N1 1.15 d 1.38 d 1.33 cd 1.27 d 1.22 d 1.19 d 1.15 d 1.10 d 12.98 h
L2N2 1.47 c 1.43 c 1.39 c 1.35 c 1.33 c 1.27 c 1.25 c 1.26 c 19.59 e
L2N3 1.56 b 1.64 b 1.55 b 1.51 b 1.47 b 1.45 b 1.43 b 1.33 b 16.53 f
L2N4 1.61 a 1.73 a 1.69 a 1.66 a 1.64 a 1.62 a 1.60 a 1.46 a 14.01 g
扬农香28
Yangnongxiang28		 L1N1 1.09 d 1.04 h 1.00 g 0.97 g 0.94 g 0.91 g 0.89 h 0.86 h 22.90 d
L1N2 1.12 c 1.10 g 1.07 f 1.05 f 1.04 f 1.00 f 0.95 g 0.89 g 26.50 c
L1N3 1.18 b 1.13 f 1.10 f 1.08 f 1.07 ef 1.02 f 0.98 f 0.94 f 36.03 a
L1N4 1.25 a 1.22 e 1.19 e 1.17 e 1.13 e 1.10 e 1.05 e 0.99 e 28.79 b
L2N1 1.10 d 1.36 d 1.30 d 1.25 d 1.21 d 1.17 d 1.15 d 1.11 d 13.44 g
L2N2 1.13 c 1.45 c 1.43 c 1.40 c 1.35 c 1.32 c 1.28 c 1.21 c 17.74 e
L2N3 1.20 b 1.58 b 1.54 b 1.51 b 1.46 b 1.38 b 1.34 b 1.29 b 16.20 f
L2N4 1.26 a 1.71 a 1.69 a 1.67 a 1.63 a 1.53 a 1.45 a 1.38 a 14.80 fg
F值
F-value		 光处理Light (L) NS 51,019.19** 505.91** 560.92** 269.15** 4181.79** 720.07** 76,863.80** 1172.98**
氮处理Nitrogen (N) 283.52** 103.93** 146.10** 80.92** 128.87** 143.27** 136.43** 105.29** 109.80**
光处理×氮处理L×N NS 17.11** 18.83** 11.10** 17.78** 28.75** 35.45** 24.06** 48.61**

图5

不同光、氮条件下对南方软米粳稻叶片和籽粒C/N比的差异 处理同图1。图中所标注字母为叶片和籽粒中C/N的显著性, 不同字母表示在0.05概率水平差异显著。"

表7

不同光、氮条件下南方软米粳稻产量构成因素的差异"

品种
Cultivar		 处理
Treatment		 穗数
Panicle number
(×104 hm-2)		 每穗粒数
Grains per
panicle		 总颖花量
Total spikelet
(×104 hm-2)		 结实率
Filled grain
percentage (%)		 千粒重
1000-grain
weight (g)		 稻谷产量
Grain yield
(t hm-2)
南粳9108
Nanjing 9108		 L1N1 295.70 cd 113.23 d 33,480.84 d 95.47 a 26.23 b 8.33 d
L1N2 334.75 a 119.11 bc 39,872.32 b 93.64 bc 25.39 c 9.29 c
L1N3 320.71 b 134.54 a 43,148.40 a 95.12 a 26.34 b 10.57 a
L1N4 302.36 c 122.92 b 37,166.26 c 95.43 a 27.36 a 9.66 b
L2N1 295.25 d 111.55 d 32,935.61 d 89.40 c 20.71 de 6.85 g
L2N2 334.60 a 118.48 c 39,644.51 b 85.39 d 20.59 e 8.13 d
L2N3 320.26 b 133.94 a 42,894.24 a 78.47 e 20.11 f 7.70 e
L2N4 300.42 cd 122.13 bc 36,690.89 c 74.55 f 20.86 d 7.45 f
扬农香28
Yangnongxiang 28		 L1N1 325.16 d 104.52 cd 33,985.64 d 95.60 a 25.30 b 8.39 e
L1N2 375.19 a 108.20 c 40,593.95 b 93.58 b 24.51 c 9.39 c
L1N3 364.07 b 121.79 a 44,338.63 a 95.17 a 25.34 b 10.58 a
L1N4 341.63 c 117.56 ab 40,161.69 bc 95.41 a 26.91 a 9.76 b
L2N1 323.88 d 102.67 d 33,254.48 d 86.51 c 20.99 d 7.14 h
L2N2 374.58 ab 107.57 c 40,294.51 bc 84.74 d 20.02 f 8.25 d
L2N3 363.68 b 120.91 a 43,970.13 a 74.88 e 20.08 f 7.84 f
L2N4 340.23 c 116.14 b 39,513.37 c 72.28 f 20.59 e 7.53 g
F值
F-value		 年份Year NS NS NS NS NS NS
光处理
Light (L)		 NS NS 3782.25* 2339.39* 1282.81* 351.083*
氮处理
Nitrogen (N)		 69.66** 104.93** 84.24** 67.39** 11.84** 607.95**
光处理×氮处理L×N NS NS NS 83.37** 41.98** 220.50**

表8

不同光、氮条件下南方软米粳稻干物质积累的差异"

品种
Cultivar		 处理
Treatment		 开花期
Anthesis
(t hm-2)		 成熟期
Maturity
(t hm-2)		 花后干物质积累量
Dry matter accumulation after anthesis (t hm-2)
南粳9108
Nanjing 9108		 L1N1 9.58 c 15.79 c 6.20 b
L1N2 10.68 b 17.40 b 6.72 ab
L1N3 11.67 a 19.01 a 7.33 a
L1N4 10.28 b 17.31 b 7.03 ab
L2N1 9.58 c 11.59 g 2.01 d
L2N2 10.68 b 14.58 d 4.91 c
L2N3 11.67 a 13.98 e 2.31 d
L2N4 10.28 b 12.34 f 2.06 d
扬农香28
Yangnongxiang 28		 L1N1 9.56 c 15.60 c 6.03 b
L1N2 11.49 b 17.97 b 6.48 b
L1N3 12.03 a 19.54 a 7.51 a
L1N4 11.26 b 18.10 b 6.84 b
L2N1 9.56 c 11.31 g 1.74 d
L2N2 11.49 b 14.84 d 3.35 c
L2N3 12.03 a 14.31 e 2.28 d
L2N4 11.26 b 13.35 f 2.10 d
F值
F-value		 年份Year (Y) NS NS NS
光处理Light (L) NS 647.87* 65,746.22**
氮处理Nitrogen (N) 77.29** 39.42** 41.746**
光处理×氮处理L×N NS 6.69* 38.96**

表9

不同光、氮条件对南方软米粳稻加工和外观品质的差异"

品种
Cultivar		 处理
Treatment		 糙米率
Brown
rice rate		 精米率
Milled
rice rate		 整精米率
Head
rice rate		 垩白粒率
Chalky
grain rate		 垩白度Chalkiness degree
南粳9108
Nanjing 9108		 L1N1 82.43 d 72.18 d 62.81 d 68.96 e 27.02 e
L1N2 83.38 c 72.97 c 65.30 c 57.91 h 20.14 h
L1N3 83.50 b 73.48 b 66.10 b 62.08 g 22.22 g
L1N4 83.93 a 73.91 a 67.72 a 68.03 f 25.93 f
L2N1 79.39 h 66.92 h 57.46 h 78.03 a 37.81 a
L2N2 80.29 g 67.89 g 59.86 g 70.97 d 31.58 d
L2N3 81.17 f 69.10 f 60.60 f 72.47 c 34.20 c
L2N4 81.98 e 69.90 e 61.09 e 74.90 b 35.60 b
扬农香28
Yangnongxiang 28		 L1N1 83.03 d 73.32 d 63.56 d 39.23 e 13.82 e
L1N2 83.76 c 73.45 c 64.60 c 27.57 h 9.35 h
L1N3 84.01 b 74.25 b 66.08 b 29.22 g 10.93 g
L1N4 84.53 a 74.51 a 66.76 a 34.47 f 12.46 f
L2N1 79.99 h 66.77 h 56.21 h 49.63 a 20.31 a
L2N2 80.75 g 68.55 g 59.56 g 40.46 d 15.90 d
L2N3 80.84 f 68.98 f 60.61 f 44.44 c 17.56 c
L2N4 82.06 e 69.69 e 61.88 e 46.71 b 19.40 b
F值
F-value		 年份Year (Y) NS NS NS NS NS
光处理Light (L) 4055.51** 1716.10* 3768.32* 8505.15** 7515.38**
氮处理Nitrogen (N) 19.28** 37.12** 56.29** 115.72** 242.14**
光处理×氮处理L×N 13.68* NS 13.06** 16.22** 15.47**

表10

不同光、氮条件下南方软米粳稻营养和蒸煮食味品质的差异"

品种
Cultivar		 处理
Treatment		 蛋白质含量
PC (%)		 直链淀粉含量
AC (%)		 总淀粉含量
TSC (%)		 直链淀粉/蛋白质AC/PC 总淀粉/蛋白质TSC/PC 食味品质Taste quality
外观
Appearance		 硬度
Hardness		 黏度
Stickiness		 平衡度
Balance degree		 食味值
Taste value
南粳9108
Nanjing 9108		 L1N1 6.68 h 11.13 a 85.96 a 1.67 a 12.88 a 8.78 a 5.30 g 8.92 a 8.88 a 86.53 a
L1N2 6.99 g 10.91 b 85.30 b 1.55 b 12.21 b 8.73 a 5.47 f 8.78 ab 8.75 a 85.90 ab
L1N3 7.26 f 10.58 c 83.83 c 1.47 c 11.55 c 8.63 ab 5.48 f 8.83 ab 8.72 a 84.80 ab
L1N4 7.48 e 10.35 d 83.08 d 1.39 d 11.11 d 8.48 bc 5.67 e 8.67 b 8.53 b 82.77 b
L2N1 7.93 d 10.03 e 83.11 e 1.27 e 10.51 e 8.32 cd 5.83 d 8.42 c 8.42 bc 80.50 c
L2N2 8.32 c 9.91 f 82.56 f 1.20 f 9.93 f 8.13 d 6.03 c 8.28 c 8.33 c 79.2 cd
L2N3 9.03 b 9.79 g 81.30 g 1.09 g 9.02 g 7.70 e 6.18 b 7.93 d 7.83 d 77.20 d
L2N4 9.27 a 9.44 h 80.77 h 1.02 h 8.73 h 6.88 f 6.65 a 6.92 e 6.62 e 67.27 e
扬农香28 Yangnongxiang 28 L1N1 6.41 h 10.06 a 85.14 a 1.56 a 13.30 a 8.70 a 5.43 e 8.85 a 8.85 a 85.50 a
L1N2 6.78 g 9.80 b 84.61 b 1.45 b 12.49 b 8.62 a 5.62 d 8.7 ab 8.63 b 83.30 b
L1N3 7.04 f 9.54 c 84.03 c 1.37 c 11.95 c 8.48 a 5.72 d 8.65 b 8.53 b 82.13 b
L1N4 7.41 e 9.34 d 83.35 d 1.26 d 11.26 d 7.95 b 6.05 c 8.05 c 8.07 c 78.43 c
L2N1 8.28 d 8.97 e 82.12 e 1.09 e 9.97 e 7.48 c 6.22 b 7.72 d 7.57 d 74.70 d
L2N2 9.06 c 8.59 f 80.90 f 0.96 f 8.99 f 7.12 d 6.23 b 7.48 e 7.27 e 72.43 e
L2N3 9.58 b 8.33 g 80.38 g 0.88 g 8.44 g 6.85 e 6.47 b 7.17 f 6.70 f 69.07 f
L2N4 10.13 a 8.07 h 79.34 h 0.80 h 7.87 h 6.18 f 6.78 a 6.52 g 6.15 g 64.70 g
F值
F-value		 年份Year (Y) NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS
光处理Light (L) 2,436,721.00** 15,987.00** 120.73** 1968.43** 4585.31** 456.33** 122.07** 243.00** 416.89** 4479.889**
氮处理Nitrogen (N) 553.92** 295.92** 122.37** 627.65** 253.35** 15.84** 78.33** 9.36** 17.41** 765.893**
光处理×氮处理L×N 152.31** 97.45** 3.50* 22.47** 18.68** 8.90** 16.11** 6.79** 9.21** 34.728**
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