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作物学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (8): 2025-2038.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2024.32061

• 耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇    下一篇

滴灌条件下施氮量对不同氮效率水稻品种物质积累及养分吸收的影响

宋志文1(), 赵蕾1, 毕俊国2, 唐清芸1, 王国栋3,*(), 李玉祥1,*()   

  1. 1石河子大学农学院 / 新疆生产建设兵团绿洲生态农业重点实验室, 新疆石河子 832000
    2上海市农业生物基因中心, 上海 201106
    3新疆农垦科学院 / 农业农村部西北绿洲节水农业重点实验室 / 水肥资源高效利用兵团重点实验室, 新疆石河子 832000
  • 收稿日期:2023-12-21 接受日期:2024-04-01 出版日期:2024-08-12 网络出版日期:2024-04-24
  • 通讯作者: * 李玉祥, E-mail: yxli@shzu.edu.cn;王国栋, E-mail: 664812734@qq.com
  • 作者简介:E-mail: 17318598568@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(32360527);国家自然科学基金项目(31460541);第三师图木舒克市科技计划项目(KJ2023CG03);石河子大学青年创新拔尖人才项目(CXBJ202003);石河子大学自主支持科研项目(ZZZC2022008)

Effects of nitrogen fertilization levels on matter accumulation and nutrient uptake in rice cultivar with different nitrogen efficiency under drip irrigation

SONG Zhi-Wen1(), ZHAO Lei1, BI Jun-Guo2, TANG Qing-Yun1, WANG Guo-Dong3,*(), LI Yu-Xiang1,*()   

  1. 1Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecological Agriculture, College of Agriculture, Shihezi University / Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Shihezi 832000, Xinjiang, China
    2Shanghai Agrobiological Gene Center, Shanghai 201106, China
    3Key Laboratory of Water-saving Agriculture in Northwest Oasis / Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Water and Fertilizer Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Reclamation Sciences, Shihezi 832000, Xinjiang, China
  • Received:2023-12-21 Accepted:2024-04-01 Published:2024-08-12 Published online:2024-04-24
  • Contact: * E-mail: yxli@shzu.edu.cn;E-mail: 664812734@qq.com
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China(32360527);National Natural Science Foundation of China(31460541);Science and Technology Plan Project of Tumushuke City, the Third Division(KJ2023CG03);Young Innovative Top Talents Project of Shihezi University(CXBJ202003);Independent Support Scientific Research Project of Shihezi University(ZZZC2022008)

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摘要：

研究滴灌条件下施氮量对不同氮效率品种关键生育时期干物质积累和氮素吸收转运及产量的影响, 为干旱半干旱区滴灌水稻高产高效生产提供技术参考。试验于2021—2022年开展, 以氮高效品种(T-43)和氮低效品种(LX-3)为供试材料, 采用裂区设计; 设置4个施氮水平, 分别为N0 (0 kg hm-2)、N1 (150 kg hm-2)、N2 (300 kg hm-2)和N3 (450 kg hm-2)。分析滴灌水稻在抽穗期和成熟期干物质积累、氮素吸收利用及产量对施氮量的响应差异。结果表明: (1) 施用氮肥可以增加滴灌水稻干物质积累量(1.99%~26.02%)和氮素积累量(25.67%~97.69%), 提高水稻产量(23.75%~66.75%); 但过量施氮(450 kg hm-2)会减小对干物质积累的促进作用, 导致结实率和穗粒数下降, 使氮素主要集中在秸秆中, 最终降低水稻对氮素的利用效率。(2) 在同一施氮条件下, T-43的有效穗数、结实率、抽穗期叶片和穗部干物质及氮素积累量均高于LX-3 (分别为1.65%~5.19%、0.42%~8.47%、7.61%~19.68%、19.81%~40.73%、19.81%~30.23%和20.14%~49.65%), 最终产量高于LX-3 (4.23%~28.47%)。(3) 氮素利用效率对施氮量的响应存在品种间差异(P<0.05)。与LX-3相比, T-43有更高的氮肥农学利用效率、氮素回收率和氮肥偏生产力(分别高1.05%~25.23%、5.86%~20.05%和10.09%~18.01%)。综上所述, 在滴灌栽培条件下, 选用氮高效品种(T-43), 配施300 kg hm-2氮肥表现出更佳的氮素吸收转运能力和更高的产量, 能更好地利用养分资源, 是本试验最佳的品种和施氮量组合方式。

关键词: 滴灌水稻, 氮效率品种, 干物质积累, 氮素积累, 氮素利用

Abstract:

The objective of this study is to explore the effects of nitrogen application levels on dry matter accumulation, nitrogen absorption and transport, and yield of rice varieties with different nitrogen efficiency during key growth stages under drip irrigation conditions, which can provide the technical reference for high-yield and efficient rice production under drip irrigation in arid and semi-arid areas. The experiment was conducted from 2021 to 2022, using high nitrogen efficient cultivar (T-43) and low nitrogen efficient cultivar (LX-3) as the test materials. The split zone design was conducted with four nitrogen application levels, namely N0 (0 kg hm-2), N1 (150 kg hm-2), N2 (300 kg hm-2), and N3 (450 kg hm-2). The differences in dry matter accumulation, nitrogen absorption and utilization, and yield response to nitrogen application in drip irrigated rice at heading and maturity stages were analyzed. The results showed as follows: (1) Applying nitrogen fertilizer can increase the dry matter accumulation (1.99%-26.02%) and nitrogen accumulation (25.67%-97.69%) of rice under drip irrigation, and increase rice yield (23.75%-66.75%). However, the excessive nitrogen application (450 kg hm-2) reduced the promoting effect on dry matter accumulation, leading to a decrease in seed setting rate and grain number per spike, mainly concentrating nitrogen in straw, ultimately reducing the nitrogen utilization efficiency of rice. (2) Under the same nitrogen application conditions, the effective number of panicles, seed setting rate, dry matter and nitrogen accumulation in leaves and panicles of T-43 were higher than LX-3 by 1.65%-5.19%, 0.42%-8.47%, 7.61%-19.68%, 19.81%-40.73%, 19.81%-30.23%, and 20.14%-49.65%, respectively, and the final yield was higher than LX-3 by 4.23%-28.47%. (3) The response of nitrogen utilization efficiency varies among varieties at P < 0.05. Compared with LX-3, T-43 had higher N Agronomic efficiency, N recovery efficiency, and N partial factor productivity higher by 1.05%-25.23%, 5.86%-20.05%, and 10.09%-18.01%, respectively. In conclusion, under drip irrigation cultivation, the selection of high nitrogen efficient cultivar (T-43) and the application of 300 kg hm-2 nitrogen showed better nitrogen uptake and transport capacity and higher yield, and could better utilize nutrient resources, which was the best combination of variety and nitrogen application rate in this experiment.

Key words: drip irrigation of rice, cultivar with high nitrogen efficiency, dry matter accumulation, nitrogen accumulation, nitrogen utilization

图1

2021-2022年最高气温、最低气温和降雨量"

表1

全生育期施肥量及分配比例"

指标
Index		 处理
Treatment		 播种期
Seeding stage		 播种-穗始期
Seeding-panicle
initiation stage		 穗始-抽穗期
Panicle initiation -heading stage		 抽穗-成熟前15 d
Heading-15 d
before maturity		 成熟前15 d-收获期
15 d before
maturation-harvest		 总量
Total
施氮量
Nitrogen application levels (kg hm-2)		 N0 0 0 0 0 0 0
N1 0 66.3 41.8 41.8 0 150
N2 0 140.8 79.6 79.6 0 300
N3 0 198.8 125.6 125.6 0 450
施肥次数Fertilization times 0 3 2 2 0 7

表2

滴灌施氮量对水稻产量及构成因子的影响"

年份
Year		 品种
Cultivar		 施氮量
Nitrogen		 有效穗数
Effective panicle
(×104 hm-2)		 穗粒数
Spikelets per panicle		 千粒重
1000-grain weight (g)		 结实率
Filled grain rate (%)		 产量
Yield
(t hm-2)
2021 氮高效品种T-43 N0 371.74±30.2 4 b 72.00±0.82 c 22.51±0.83 a 80.08±5.61 b 4.81±0.39 c
N1 396.84±10.10 b 85.33±1.89 b 22.43±0.21 a 82.45±2.31 ab 6.34±0.09 b
N2 417.53±10.08 a 99.67±1.25 a 22.83±1.06 a 88.29±4.64 a 8.37±0.36 a
N3 409.54±16.96 a 95.33±1.25 a 22.90±0.82 a 87.09±3.63 ab 7.88±0.34 ab
氮低效品种LX-3 N0 360.91±12.34 c 72.33±2.87 c 23.50±0.10 a 74.53±4.68 b 4.59±0.58 c
N1 382.73±4.55 b 79.33±2.05 b 23.83±0.33 a 78.58±1.93 ab 5.68±0.22 b
N2 406.75±26.67 a 92.00±0.82 a 24.80±1.43 a 81.91±3.60 a 7.60±0.83 a
N3 402.88±14.32 a 84.67±2.49 b 25.06±0.91 a 80.29±1.33 a 7.56±0.91 a
2022 氮高效品种T-43 N0 365.27±11.20 c 84.00±1.00 b 22.41±0.44 a 78.15±3.26 a 5.37±0.26 c
N1 387.90±13.71 b 95.33±1.70 a 22.61±0.08 a 81.84±1.52 a 6.84±0.24 b
N2 427.33±13.13 a 104.00±3.56 a 22.85±0.34 a 83.08±3.56 a 8.43±0.46 a
N3 419.49±15.29 a 99.00±5.35 a 22.70±0.35 a 82.58±2.55 a 8.12±0.28 a
氮低效品种LX-3 N0 351.37±23.97 c 65.00±3.56 c 23.61±0.29 b 77.44±1.47 a 4.18±0.49 c
N1 380.14±15.27 b 74.00±1.41 bc 23.93±0.26 ab 81.50±1.98 a 5.48±0.26 b
N2 407.78±16.86 a 89.00±7.48 a 24.81±0.60 a 81.80±2.44 a 7.32±0.16 a
N3 398.79±8.78 ab 80.67±6.65 ab 24.34±0.32 ab 79.53±3.20 a 6.97±0.20 a
F值F-value
年份Year (Y) 0.080 1.179 0.962 0.175 0.014
品种Cultivar (C) 7.445* 105.336** 14.131** 72.629** 44.159**
施氮量Nitrogen (N) 24.398** 67.165** 8.203** 4.711** 135.965**
Y×C 0.261 27.240** 5.352* 0.074 7.802**
Y×N 0.466 0.276 1.178 0.508 0.372
C×N 0.036 0.966 0.406 1.285 0.340
Y×C×N 0.209 1.542 0.044 0.172 0.284

图2

滴灌施氮量对水稻干物质积累的影响 处理同表2。T-43: 氮高效品种; LX-3: 氮低效品种。图中方柱上方不同小写字母表示同一年份各处理间存在显著差异(P < 0.05)。*和**分别表示在P < 0.05和P < 0.01水平差异显著, ns表示无显著差异。"

图3

滴灌施氮量对水稻干物质分配的影响 处理同表2。T-43: 氮高效品种; LX-3: 氮低效品种。"

图4

滴灌施氮量对水稻氮素积累量的影响 处理同表2。T-43: 氮高效品种; LX-3: 氮低效品种。图中方柱上方不同小写字母表示同一年份各处理间存在显著差异(P < 0.05)。*和**分别表示在P < 0.05和P < 0.01水平差异显著, ns表示无显著差异。"

图5

滴灌施氮量对水稻氮素积累量分配的影响 处理同表2。T-43: 氮高效品种; LX-3: 氮低效品种。"

图6

滴灌施氮量对水稻氮素转运量的影响 处理同表2。T-43: 氮高效品种; LX-3: 氮低效品种。图中方柱上方不同小写字母表示同一年份各处理间存在显著差异(P < 0.05)。*和**分别表示在P < 0.05和P < 0.01水平差异显著, ns表示无显著差异。"

图7

滴灌施氮量对水稻氮素转运率的影响 处理同表2。T-43: 氮高效品种; LX-3: 氮低效品种。图中方柱上方不同小写字母表示同一年份各处理间存在显著差异(P < 0.05)。*和**分别表示在P < 0.05和P < 0.01水平差异显著, ns表示无显著差异。"

图8

滴灌施氮量对水稻氮素利用特征的影响 处理同表2。T-43: 氮高效品种; LX-3: 氮低效品种。图中方柱上方不同小写字母表示同一年份各处理间存在显著差异(P < 0.05)。NAE、NPE、NRG、NRE、NPFP、NGPE分别表示氮肥农学利用效率、氮肥生理利用率、百千克籽粒需氮量、氮素回收率、氮肥偏生产力、氮素稻谷生产效率。*和**分别表示在P < 0.05和P < 0.01水平差异显著, ns表示无显著差异。"

图9

滴灌施氮量对水稻产量、植株干物质和氮素积累量归一化值的影响 处理同表2。T-43: 氮高效品种; LX-3: 氮低效品种。"

图10

产量、植株干物质和氮素积累量及氮素利用效率间的主成分分析 处理同表2。T-43: 氮高效品种; LX-3: 氮低效品种。Yield: 产量; HS: PDW、MS: PDW、HS: PNA、MS: PNA分别表示抽穗期干物质积累量、成熟期干物质积累量、抽穗期氮素积累量和成熟期氮素积累量; NAE、NPE、NRG、NRE、NPFP、NGPE分别表示氮肥农学利用效率、氮肥生理利用率、百千克籽粒需氮量、氮素回收率、氮肥偏生产力、氮素稻谷生产效率。"

表3

产量、干物质与氮素积累量及氮素利用效率间的相关系数"

品种
Cultivar		 指标
Index		 产量
Yield		 百千克籽粒需氮量
NRG		 氮素稻谷
生产效率
NGPE		 氮素
回收率
NRE		 氮肥偏
生产力
NPFP		 氮肥农学
利用效率
NAE		 氮肥生理
利用率
NPE
氮高效
品种T-43		 百千克籽粒需氮量 NRG 0.390
氮素稻谷生产效 NGPE -0.431* -0.991**
氮素回收率 NRE 0.548** 0.701** -0.702**
氮肥偏生产力 NPFP 0.445* 0.566** -0.580** 0.943**
氮肥农学利用效率 NAE 0.725** 0.511* -0.549** 0.837** 0.860**
氮肥生理利用率 NPE 0.853** 0.481* -0.527** 0.645** 0.671** 0.916**
氮高效
品种T-43		 抽穗期干物质积累量HS: PDW 0.880** 0.428* -0.446* 0.451* 0.341 0.594** 0.771**
成熟期干物质积累量MS: PDW 0.709** 0.621** -0.648** 0.759** 0.638** 0.729** 0.655**
抽穗期氮素积累量HS: PNA 0.893** 0.555** -0.579** 0.453* 0.345 0.594** 0.808**
成熟期氮素积累量MS: PNA 0.935** 0.687** -0.713** 0.682** 0.544** 0.747** 0.845**
氮低效
品种LX-3		 百千克籽粒需氮量 NRG -0.111
氮素稻谷生产效 NGPE 0.077 -0.993**
氮素回收率 NRE 0.473* 0.502* -0.510*
氮肥偏生产力 NPFP 0.403 0.375 -0.393 0.959**
氮肥农学利用效率 NAE 0.709** 0.055 -0.101 0.676** 0.743**
氮肥生理利用率 NPE 0.824** -0.011 -0.044 0.543** 0.586** 0.952**
抽穗期干物质积累量HS: PDW 0.800** 0.076 -0.094 0.237 0.109 0.320 0.499*
成熟期干物质积累量MS: PDW 0.716** 0.489* -0.491* 0.694** 0.547** 0.603** 0.639**
抽穗期氮素积累量HS: PNA 0.808** 0.370 -0.398 0.579** 0.455* 0.598** 0.713**
成熟期氮素积累量MS: PNA 0.866** 0.392 -0.414* 0.668** 0.531** 0.662** 0.745**
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