作物学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (12): 3013-3024.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2024.44060
方然1(), 袁丽媚1, 王玉林1, 芦思佳1,2, 孔凡江1,2, 刘宝辉1,2,*(), 孔令平1,2,*()
FANG Ran1(), YUAN Li-Mei1, WANG Yu-Lin1, LU Si-Jia1,2, KONG Fan-Jiang1,2, LIU Bao-Hui1,2,*(), KONG Ling-Ping1,2,*()
摘要:
大豆作为重要的油料作物, 是人类优质蛋白和食用油的主要来源之一。大豆产量、种子品质和生育期性状密切相关, 生育期性状主要受一系列生育期相关基因的控制。本研究以Harosoy为遗传背景创制了E1~E4不同基因组合的16种近等基因系材料, 种植在河北石家庄和安徽合肥试验田, 调查了生育期、品质及产量性状, 以此来了解E1~E4不同突变组合对中纬度种植区域的适应性。研究结果表明, 16种近等基因系材料, 对光周期敏感程度不同, 开花期存在差异, WT和e4单突近等基因系由于晚花晚熟、产量低, 不适合在石家庄种植, 而所有的近等基因系在合肥种植时均能正常成熟。E1~E4不同等位基因组合还影响株高、节间距、单株产量、品质等农艺性状。本研究发现, 在长日照条件下, e3或e4单独突变可以提前开花, 同时还会使大豆产生避荫反应, 株高增高、节间距变大。测量种子的蛋白质、油分和蔗糖含量时发现, WT材料在较高纬度的石家庄地区种植时, 种子不能正常成熟, 含油量最低, 而蔗糖的含量最高。整体来看, 其余近等基因系的种子在石家庄地区种植时总油分、蔗糖含量高于合肥, 而蛋白含量总体低于合肥地区。因此, 在评估大豆品种的纬度适应性时, 需综合考察生育期基因对光周期敏感性、品质和产量的影响。
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