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作物学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (4): 992-1004.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2025.43041

所属专题： 玉米：耕作栽培·生理生化

• 耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇    下一篇

密植滴灌水肥一体化对西南夏玉米产量及土壤细菌群落的影响

宋利1,5,6(), 刘广周2, 张华3, 卢庭启3, 卿春燕3, 杨云山4, 郭晓霞4, 胡单5, 李少昆1,6, 侯鹏1,*()   

  1. 1中国农业科学院作物科学研究所 / 农业农村部作物生理生态重点实验室, 北京 100081
    2华北作物改良与调控国家重点实验室 / 农业农村部华北节水农业重点实验室 / 河北省作物生长调控重点实验室 / 河北农业大学农学院, 河北保定 071001
    3绵阳市农业科学院, 四川绵阳 621023
    4新疆生产建设兵团绿洲生态农业重点实验室 / 石河子大学农学院, 新疆石河子 832000
    5西藏农牧学院, 西藏林芝 860000
    6安徽科技学院, 安徽凤阳 233100
  • 收稿日期:2024-08-21 接受日期:2025-01-23 出版日期:2025-04-12 网络出版日期:2025-02-08
  • 通讯作者: 侯鹏, E-mail: houpeng@caas.cn
  • 作者简介:宋利, E-mail: 13550734425@163.com第一联系人：

    **同等贡献

  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFD1900603)

Effects of drip fertigation with dense planting on yield and soil bacterial community of summer maize in Southwest China

SONG Li1,5,6(), LIU Guang-Zhou2, ZHANG Hua3, LU Ting-Qi3, QING Chun-Yan3, YANG Yun-Shan4, GUO Xiao-Xia4, Hu Dan5, LI Shao-Kun1,6, HOU Peng1,*()   

  1. 1Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences / Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China
    2State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation / Key Laboratory of Water- Saving Agriculture in North China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs / Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation of Hebei Province / College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, Hebei, China
    3Mianyang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Mianyang 621023, Sichuan, China
    4The Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-agriculture, Xinjiang Production and Construction Group / College of Agronomy, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, Xinjiang, China
    5Xizang Agricultural and Animal Husbandry University, Nyingchi 860000, Xizang, China
    6School of Agriculture, Anhui Science and technology University, Fengyang 233100, Anhui, China
  • Received:2024-08-21 Accepted:2025-01-23 Published:2025-04-12 Published online:2025-02-08
  • Contact: E-mail: houpeng@caas.cn
  • About author:First author contact:

    **Contributed equally to this work

  • Supported by:
    National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFD1900603)

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摘要：

土壤微生物参与碳氮循环, 对于维持土壤生态系统健康具有重要意义。为研究密植滴灌水肥一体化对西南地区夏玉米产量与土壤细菌群落的影响, 设置传统水肥(F)和密植滴灌水肥一体化(H) 2个处理。采用高通量测序方法, 通过测定16S rRNA基因, 研究密植滴灌水肥一体化对土壤细菌群落的影响。2年试验结果表明, 与对照F相比, H处理的产量与生物量分别显著提高30.92%与56.03%。对2022年土壤中细菌微生物进行分析发现, H处理显著提高了不同时期土壤细菌群落的多样性, 且处理间细菌群落结构存在差异。对细菌群落组成分析可知, H处理提高了部分门(髌骨菌门、拟杆菌门和放线菌门)和属(黄单胞杆菌属、鞘氨醇单细胞菌属、Jatrophihabitans和黄杆菌属)分类水平的细菌群落相对丰度。相关性分析结果表明, 吐丝期F处理中酸杆菌门的相对丰度与产量相关, H处理中鞘氨醇单细胞菌属的相对丰度与生物量相关; 成熟期H处理的3门(粘菌门、酸杆菌门、芽单胞菌门)和2属(Ellin6067、芽单胞菌属)细菌群落的相对丰度与生物量及产量相关, 而F处理的细菌群落的相对丰度与生物量及产量无关。利用PICRUSt2对细菌群落进行功能预测可知, H处理提高了多种细菌的代谢能力, 如氨基酸代谢、外来化合物的生物降解与代谢、糖类生物合成与代谢等。综上, 与传统水肥管理相比, 密植滴灌水肥一体化不仅提高了土壤细菌的群落多样性和代谢能力, 还提高了3门(髌骨菌门、拟杆菌门和放线菌门)和4属(黄单胞杆菌属、鞘氨醇单细胞菌属、Jatrophihabitans和黄杆菌属)的群落相对丰度, 并通过降低有害菌门(芽单胞菌门)和提高有益菌属(鞘氨醇单细胞菌属)的群落相对丰度来影响产量。

关键词: 密植, 滴灌水肥一体化, 夏玉米, 产量, 细菌群落

Abstract:

Soil microorganisms play a crucial role in the carbon and nitrogen cycles, contributing significantly to the maintenance of soil ecosystem health. This study investigated the effects of drip fertigation combined with dense planting on summer maize yield and soil bacterial communities in Southwest China. Two treatments were established: traditional water and fertilizer management (F) and drip fertigation with dense planting (H). High-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene was employed to analyze the impact of these treatments on soil bacterial communities. The results revealed that the H treatment significantly increased maize yield and biomass by 30.92% and 56.03%, respectively, compared to the F treatment. Additionally, the H treatment markedly enhanced soil bacterial community diversity at different growth stages and altered bacterial community structure in 2022. At the taxonomic level, the H treatment increased the relative abundance of certain phyla, including Patescibacteria, Bacteroidota, and Actinobacteriota, as well as specific genera such as Chujaibacter, Sphingomonas, Jatrophihabitans, and Flavisolibacter. In contrast, the relative abundance of Acidobacteriota in the F treatment was associated with yield, while the relative abundance of Sphingomonas in the H treatment was linked to biomass. Furthermore, at the maturity stage, the relative abundance of bacterial communities from three phyla (Myxococcota, Acidobacteriota, and Gemmatimonadota) and two genera (Ellin6067 and Gemmatimonas) in the H treatment was correlated with both biomass and yield. Notably, no such correlations were observed in the F treatment. Functional predictions using PICRUSt2 demonstrated that the H treatment enhanced the metabolic capacity of soil bacteria, particularly in pathways related to amino acid metabolism, xenobiotics biodegradation, glycan biosynthesis, and other metabolic processes. In conclusion, compared to traditional water and fertilizer management, drip fertigation with dense planting not only improved soil bacterial community diversity and metabolic capacity but also increased the relative abundance of beneficial bacterial phyla (Patescibacteria, Bacteroidota, and Actinobacteriota) and genera (Chujaibacter, Sphingomonas, Jatrophihabitans, and Flavisolibacter). This treatment influenced yield directly or indirectly by reducing the relative abundance of potentially harmful bacteria (Gemmatimonadota) and increasing the abundance of beneficial bacteria (Sphingomonas).

Key words: dense planting, drip fertigation, summer maize, yield, bacterial community

图1

2022-2023年夏玉米生长季日均温度和日降雨量"

表1

不同处理的肥料用量"

处理
Treatment		 施肥时期
Fertilization stage		 施肥总量(纯量)
Total fertilizer (net amount) (kg hm-2)
N P2O5 K2O
密植滴灌水肥一体化
Drip fertigation with dense planting		 播种前Pre-planting 86.40 99.75 75.00
拔节期Jointing stage 59.73 42.75 30.00
大喇叭口期Megaphone stage 59.73 — 30.00
吐丝期Silking stage 44.80 — 15.00
乳熟期Milky stage 37.34 — —
总量Total amount 288.00 142.50 150.00
传统水肥管理
Traditional water-fertilizer management		 播种前Pre-planting 154.13 36.75 52.50
拔节期Jointing stage 138.00 — —
总量Total amount 292.13 36.75 52.50

图2

成熟期生物量及产量 F: 传统水肥处理。H: 密植滴灌水肥一体化处理。A、C分别表示在2022年的产量与生物量。B、D分别表示在2023年的产量与生物量。不同小写字母表示处理间在0.05水平差异显著。"

图3

吐丝期与成熟期的土壤细菌群落Alpha多样性指数 不同小写字母表示处理间在0.05水平差异显著。处理同图2。"

图4

吐丝期和成熟期的土壤细菌群落PCoA分析(A)与NMDS排序(B) Anosim: 相似性分析。NMDS: 非度量多维尺度分析。处理同图2。"

图5

吐丝期与成熟期土壤细菌群落在门(A)与属(B)分类水平的物种相对丰度 处理同图2。Treatments are the same as those given in Fig. 2."

图6

门(A)和属(B)水平土壤细菌群落的相对丰度与生物量及产量的Spearman’s相关性分析 *表示在0.05水平上相关性显著。处理同图2。"

图7

吐丝期与成熟期不同处理中细菌群落功能预测分析(二级代谢通路) *与**分别表示在0.05与0.01水平上差异显著。处理同图2。"

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