作物学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (10): 2663-2680.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2025.51013
田汉钊(), 冯龙婷, 应开, 孟天琪, 武军, 刘玉秀(
)
TIAN Han-Zhao(), FENG Long-Ting, YING Kai, MENG Tian-Qi, WU Jun, LIU Yu-Xiu(
)
摘要:
为筛选具有优质亚基且聚合多位点优势基因的材料, 丰富我国小麦品质改良的种质资源, 本研究对引自CIMMYT、美国、俄罗斯、哈萨克斯坦、土耳其的270份小麦种质, 采用SDS-PAGE、特异分子标记技术鉴定高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基(HMW-GS)和低分子量麦谷蛋白亚基(LMW-GS)组成、组合类型及频率分布。结果表明, 不同来源小麦种质中共鉴定到19种HMW-GS亚基和72种组合, 品质得分8分及以上组合共16个(28.15%)。在Glu-1位点上, 优质亚基2*、17+18、5+10在CIMMYT种质中出现频率最高, 分别为69.39%、24.49%和44.90%; 优质亚基7+8在哈萨克斯坦种质中出现频率最高(23.91%)。品质得分达到10分的材料共20份, 组合类型为: 1/17+18/5+10、1/7+8/5+10、2*/13+16/5+10、2*/17+18/5+10、2*/7+8/5+10; 粗蛋白质含量平均值为15.08%, 范围为13.72%~17.57%; 湿面筋含量平均值为31.63%, 范围为28.40%~36.87%, 其中材料19XW005蛋白质和湿面筋含量均显著高于对照优质强筋小麦品种西农979 (P < 0.05)。在供试种质中检测到21种LMW-GS等位基因和117种组合。Glu-3位点上对品质有正向效应的基因B3b、B3d、B3g、A3d和B3i, 分别在CIMMYT (38.78%)、美国(16.67%)、俄罗斯(63.64%)、哈萨克斯坦(11.96%和22.73%)种质中出现频率最高。外引小麦种质优质亚基分布频率高且组合类型丰富, 作为优质种质资源进一步应用到育种中, 可扩宽我国小麦遗传基础, 为改良我国小麦品质提供参考依据。
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