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引进ICARDA小麦苗期根系抗旱性状的全基因组关联分析

李云香1,3，郭千纤1,2，侯万伟1,3,4，张小娟1,2,*   

  1. 1 青海大学, 青海西宁 810016; 2青海大学生态环境工程学院, 青海西宁 810016; 3青海省农林科学院, 青海西宁 810016; 4国家农作物种质资源复份库, 青海西宁 810016
  • 收稿日期:2025-02-19 修回日期:2025-06-01 接受日期:2025-06-01 网络出版日期:2025-06-10
  • 基金资助:
    本研究由青海省昆仑英才·高端创新人才·培养拔尖(千人计划)项目资助。

Genome-wide association analysis of drought resistance traits in wheat seedlings introduced from ICARDA

I Yun-Xiang1,3, GUO Qian-Qian1,2, HOU Wan-Wei1,3,4,ZHANG Xiao-Juan1,2,*   

  1. 1 Qinghai University, Xining 810016, Qinghai, China;2 College of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, Qinghai, China; 3 Qinghai Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Xining 810016, Qinghai, China; 4 National Crop Germplasm Resources Duplicate, Xining 810016, Qinghai, China
  • Received:2025-02-19 Revised:2025-06-01 Accepted:2025-06-01 Published online:2025-06-10
  • Supported by:
    This study was supported by the Kunlun Talents, High-end Innovative Talents, and Cultivation of Top-notch Talents (Thousand Talents Program) Project of Qinghai Province.

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摘要： 小麦是世界上重要的粮食作物之一，干旱会严重影响小麦的生长发育。因此解析小麦干旱相关的遗传基础以及挖掘与抗旱相关的优异基因，对于保证国家粮食安全具有重要意义。本研究以引进ICARDA的159份小麦为材料，苗期采用20% PEG-6000模拟干旱环境进行水培试验，以正常营养液作为对照，对小麦根部的总根长、根表面积、根体积、根平均直径和根叉数等5个性状进行表型数据统计，并进行相关性分析，再结合55K SNP芯片对5个根部性状的抗旱系数进行全基因组关联分析。研究结果表明，2种处理下，根部性状表现出丰富的表型变异，在正常处理下，变异系数为27.1%~40.46%；在干旱处理下，变异系数为24.95%~57.04%。5个根部性状抗旱系数的相关性分析表明，根平均直径抗旱系数与根表面积抗旱系数、根叉数抗旱系数之间没有明显的相关性，与总根长抗旱系数呈显著负相关，其余各性状的抗旱系数之间均呈极显著正相关。全基因组关联分析结果显示，在P≤0.001水平下共定位到39个与根部性状相显著关联的SNP位点，分布于小麦的1B、1D、2B、3A、3B、3D、4A、4B、4D、5A、5B、6A、6D、7A、7B和7D等16条染色体上，贡献率为7.12%~14.44%。检测到6个多效应位点，均与根表面积与总根长显著相关，分别位于3B和4A染色体上，贡献率为7.15%~14.44%。将39个显著关联的位点进行候选基因预测，共获得TraesCS5B01G556300 (MYB转录因子60)、TraesCS7A01G508700 (WRKY转录因子WRKY28)、TraesCS2B01G002700 (脱水反应元件结合蛋白1C)和TraesCS3D01G055500 (14-3-3样蛋白)等12个可能与小麦抗旱相关的候选基因，这些候选基因可能在小麦抗旱方面具有重要作用。

关键词: 小麦, 根系, 抗旱, 55K SNP, 全基因组关联分析

Abstract:

Wheat is one of the most important staple crops globally, and drought stress can severely impact its growth and development. Therefore, understanding the genetic basis of drought tolerance in wheat and identifying superior drought-resistance-related genes is of great importance for ensuring national food security. In this study, 159 wheat accessions introduced from ICARDA were used as experimental materials. A 20% PEG-6000 solution was applied to simulate drought conditions at the seedling stage in hydroponic experiments. Phenotypic data were collected for five root traits—total root length, root surface area, root volume, average root diameter, and root fork number. Correlation analysis was conducted, and drought tolerance coefficients for the five traits were calculated using data obtained from a 55K SNP chip. The results revealed substantial phenotypic variation in root traits under both control and drought conditions. Under normal conditions, the coefficients of variation ranged from 27.1% to 40.46%, while under drought stress they ranged from 24.95% to 57.04%. Correlation analysis of the drought tolerance coefficients showed no significant relationship between the coefficient for average root diameter and those for root surface area and root fork number. However, a significant negative correlation was observed between average root diameter and total root length, while the other traits exhibited significant positive correlations with each other. Genome-wide association analysis (GWAS) identified a total of 39 SNP loci significantly associated with root traits at the P ≤ 0.001 level. These loci were distributed across 16 chromosomes (1B, 1D, 2B, 3A, 3B, 3D, 4A, 4B, 4D, 5A, 5B, 6A, 6D, 7A, 7B, and 7D), with explained phenotypic variation ranging from 7.12% to 14.44%. Six pleiotropic loci were identified, all significantly associated with both root surface area and total root length, and located on chromosomes 3B and 4A, with contribution rates ranging from 7.15% to 14.44%. Based on these 39 significant loci, candidate gene prediction identified 12 genes potentially related to drought tolerance in wheat. Among them, TraesCS5B01G556300 (MYB transcription factor 60), TraesCS7A01G508700 (WRKY transcription factor WRKY28), TraesCS2B01G002700 (dehydration-responsive element-binding protein 1C), and TraesCS3D01G055500 (14-3-3-like protein) are likely to play important roles in regulating drought tolerance in wheat.

Key words: wheat, roots, drought resistance, 55K SNP, genome-wide association analysis

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