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小麦花药培养最佳取样时期穗部形态特征鉴定与高培养力基因型筛选

鲁向前1，付玉洁1，赵俊恒1，郑楠楠1，孙楠楠1，张国平1,2，叶玲珍1,2,*   

  1. 1 浙江大学中原研究院生物设计与育种中心, 河南郑州450000; 2 浙江大学作物科学研究所, 浙江杭州310058
  • 收稿日期:2025-03-03 修回日期:2025-06-01 接受日期:2025-06-01 网络出版日期:2025-06-10
  • 基金资助:

    本研究由宁波市科技计划项目(2023S154)和浙江省农业新品种选育重大科技专项(2021C02064-3)资助。

Characterization of spike morphological traits at optimal sampling stage and screening of high-culturability genotypes in wheat anther culture

LU Xiang-Qian1,FU Yu-Jie1,ZHAO Jun-Heng1,ZHENG Nan-Nan1,SUN Nan-Nan1,ZHANG Guo-Ping1,2,YE Ling-Zhen1,2,*   

  1. 1 Center for Biological Design and Breeding, Zhongyuan Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan, China; 2 Institute of Crop Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
  • Received:2025-03-03 Revised:2025-06-01 Accepted:2025-06-01 Published online:2025-06-10
  • Supported by:
    This study was supported by Ningbo Science and Technology Plan Project (2023S154) and Zhejiang Science and Technology Major Program on Agricultural New Variety Breeding (2021C02064-3).

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摘要：

依赖花药培养的单倍体育种是小麦品种高效选育的重要方法，但花药培养效率品种间差异显著，限制了该技术的广泛应用。目前已鉴定到石4185、H307和周麦16等高花药培养力的小麦品种(系)，但可用于规模化小麦育种的高花药培养力材料明显不足。本研究系统鉴定了全国94个温室生长的小麦品种的花药培养力相关性状。结果表明，94个品种的花药最佳取样时期在幼穗顶部与叶耳距离为-5~2 cm，其中-2 cm时取样最多，且在温室和田间2种环境下生长的供试材料，其花药最佳取样时期的穗部形态特征也有差异。94个温室生长的小麦品种花药培养愈伤组织诱导率、绿芽分化率、白芽分化率及绿苗产率的变幅分别为0~15%、0~100%、0~60%和0~22.95%，愈伤诱导率与绿芽分化率、白芽分化率及绿苗产率均呈极显著正相关，2种环境下生长的供试材料，其花药培养愈伤诱导率表现一致。在94个品种中，14个品种的绿苗产率超过1%，其中6个品种达到高花药培养力标准，且农艺性状优良，可用于小麦单倍体创制与育种。本研究为小麦单倍体育种提供了实用技术与种质材料。

关键词: 小麦, 双单倍体, 花药培养, 高花药培养力, 育种应用

Abstract:

Haploid breeding based on anther culture is an important method for the efficient selection of wheat varieties. However, the efficiency of anther culture varies significantly among different wheat genotypes, which limits its broader application in wheat breeding. To date, a few wheat lines with high anther culture efficiency—such as Shi4185, H307, and Zhoumai16—have been identified. Nevertheless, there remains a lack of sufficient high-performing materials to support large-scale application of this technique. In this study, we systematically evaluated anther culture-related traits in 94 wheat varieties grown under greenhouse conditions. The optimal anther sampling stage for these varieties was determined to occur when the distance between the tip of the developing spike and the leaf auricle ranged from ?5 cm to 2 cm, with the highest sampling frequency observed at ?2 cm. Notably, spike morphological characteristics associated with the optimal sampling period differed between plants grown under greenhouse and field conditions. Among the 94 greenhouse-grown varieties, the callus induction rate, green shoot differentiation rate, albino shoot differentiation rate, and green plantlet production rate during anther culture ranged from 0–15%, 0–100%, 0–60%, and 0–22.95%, respectively. The callus induction rate showed highly significant positive correlations with the green shoot differentiation rate, albino shoot differentiation rate, and green plantlet production rate. Moreover, the callus induction rate exhibited consistent performance across both greenhouse and field conditions. Of the 94 varieties tested, 14 exhibited green plantlet production rates exceeding 1%, and 6 varieties met the criteria for high anther culture efficiency while also demonstrating excellent agronomic traits. These varieties represent valuable germplasm resources for haploid breeding in wheat. This study provides practical techniques and genetic materials to support the advancement of wheat haploid breeding programs.

Key words: wheat, double haploid, anther culture, high anther culture ability, breeding application

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