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作物学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (10): 2836-2842.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2025.51030

• 研究简报 • 上一篇    

小麦锰锌吸收累积对锌肥的响应

王子琳1(), 关裴奕1, 黄翠1, 陈键1, 方佳创1, 刘晨瑞1, 郭章玺1, 王梓鸣1, 王朝辉1,2, 刘金山1,2, 田汇1,2, 石美1,2,*()   

  1. 1西北农林科技大学资源环境学院 / 农业农村部西北植物营养与农业环境重点实验室, 陕西杨凌 712100
    2西北农林科技大学作物抗逆与高效生产全国重点实验室, 陕西杨凌 712100
  • 收稿日期:2025-03-15 接受日期:2025-07-09 出版日期:2025-10-12 网络出版日期:2025-07-25
  • 通讯作者: *石美, E-mail: meishi@nwafu.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:E-mail: 15129070882@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(42377034);国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFD1900702);财政部和农业农村部国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-03)

Responses of uptake and accumulation of manganese and zinc in wheat to zinc fertilization

WANG Zi-Lin1(), GUAN Pei-Yi1, HUANG Cui1, CHEN Jian1, FANG Jia-Chuang1, LIU Chen-Rui1, GUO Zhang-Xi1, WANG Zi-Ming1, WANG Zhao-Hui1,2, LIU Jin-Shan1,2, TIAN Hui1,2, SHI Mei1,2,*()   

  1. 1College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University / Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Agro-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
    2State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
  • Received:2025-03-15 Accepted:2025-07-09 Published:2025-10-12 Published online:2025-07-25
  • Contact: *E-mail: meishi@nwafu.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China(42377034);National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFD1900702);China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(CARS-03)

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摘要：

本研究旨在探究锌肥施用对小麦籽粒锌、锰含量及其吸收累积的影响, 分析锌和锰在这些过程中存在的差异, 为通过锌肥施用强化小麦锌营养、调控锰营养提供理论依据。本研究基于2017年在黄土高原旱地石灰性土壤上开始的长期定位试验, 分别在2022—2023和2023—2024年2个生长季节采集样品, 测定不同量锌肥施用条件下, 小麦开花期和成熟期各器官锌和锰的含量、累积量、根获取效率、地上部转移系数、土壤理化性质等指标, 揭示锌、锰吸收累积对锌肥施用的响应差异。结果表明, 与不施锌相比, 锌肥处理下土壤有效锌含量显著增加, 小麦成熟期籽粒锌含量提高42.4%, 地上部锌的总累积量增加46.3%; 开花期各部位锌累积量增加41.7%~131.8%, 根系锌获取效率提升34.6%, 但根-地上部锌转移系数降低30.5%, 籽粒锌收获指数无显著变化。同时, 与对照相比, 施加锌肥处理的小麦成熟期籽粒锰含量降低13.1%, 各器官锰累积量减少10.2%~27.0%; 开花期茎叶锰累积量降低7.7%, 根系平均锰获取效率和开花期根-地上部锰转移系数分别降低22.1%和32.2%, 但锰收获指数显著提高11.2%。结果表明, 施加锌肥可有效强化小麦锌营养, 同时间接调控锰营养, 其机制在于锌肥通过影响土壤微量元素有效锌及小麦开花期根系对锰锌的获取效率来提高锌的吸收而降低锰的吸收。研究结果为优化施肥策略、实现锰锌综合调控、协同提升小麦产量与营养品质提供一定的理论依据。

关键词: 作物, 微量元素, 施肥, 吸收, 转移

Abstract:

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of zinc (Zn) fertilizer application on the uptake and accumulation of zinc and manganese (Mn) in wheat, and to analyze their interactions, providing a theoretical basis for enhancing Zn nutrition and regulating Mn nutrition through Zn fertilization. The research was conducted based on a long-term field experiment established in 2017 on calcareous soils in the dryland region of the Loess Plateau. Plant and soil samples were collected during two consecutive growing seasons (2022-2023 and 2023-2024). We measured the concentrations, accumulations, root acquisition efficiencies, and shoot transfer coefficients of Zn and Mn in various wheat organs, along with soil physicochemical properties, at both anthesis and maturity stages under different Zn fertilizer treatments to elucidate differences in Zn and Mn dynamics. Compared with the control (Zn 0), Zn fertilizer application significantly increased soil available Zn, with grain Zn concentration and total shoot Zn accumulation at maturity enhanced by 42.4% and 46.3%, respectively. At anthesis, Zn accumulation in all plant organs increased by 41.7%-131.8%. Root Zn acquisition efficiency rose by 34.6%, while the root-to-shoot Zn transfer coefficient decreased by 30.5%, with no significant change in the grain Zn harvest index. In contrast, Zn fertilization reduced grain Mn concentration by 13.1% and Mn accumulation in various organs at maturity by 10.2%-27.0%. At anthesis, Mn accumulation in stems declined by 7.7%, and both average root Mn acquisition efficiency and the root-to-shoot Mn transfer coefficient decreased by 22.1% and 32.2%, respectively. However, the Mn harvest index increased significantly by 11.2%. These results suggest that Zn fertilizer application effectively enhances Zn nutrition in wheat and indirectly regulates Mn uptake. The underlying mechanism appears to involve changes in the availability of soil micronutrients and the differential regulation of root acquisition efficiency for Zn and Mn during anthesis. These findings provide a theoretical foundation for optimizing fertilization strategies, enabling integrated Zn and Mn management, and ultimately improving both grain yield and nutritional quality in wheat production.

Key words: crop, micronutrient, fertilization, uptake, transfer

表1

田间定位试验不同处理2022年小麦播前0~20 cm土层土壤的基本化学性状"

处理Treatment 施锌量
Zn rate
(kg hm-2)		 pH 有机质Organic matter
(g kg-1)		 全氮
Total N
(g kg-1)		 硝态氮NO3--N
(mg kg-1)		 铵态氮NH4+-N
(mg kg-1)		 有效磷
Available P
(mg kg-1)		 速效钾Available K
(mg kg-1)		 有效锌Available Zn
(mg kg-1)		 有效锰Available Mn
(mg kg-1)
Zn 0 0 8.35 13.60 0.95 8.95 0.74 12.89 132.60 0.52 5.22
Zn 90 20.5 8.36 13.84 0.98 8.71 0.38 13.65 131.97 5.54 5.29

表2

低锰高锌小麦品种LI027与两地150个小麦品种平均籽粒锌、锰含量"

地点
Site		 品种
Cultivar		 籽粒锌含量
Grain Zn concentration (mg kg-1)		 籽粒锰含量
Grain Mn concentration (mg kg-1)
杨凌 Yangling LI027 40.4±2.1* 28.6±0.9*
平均 Average 35.4±0.5 31.1±0.2
永寿 Yongshou LI027 21.6±0.8* 40.0±1.3*
平均 Average 19.1±0.2 45.4±0.6

表3

施用锌肥对小麦产量及生物量的影响"

处理
Treatment		 成熟期 Maturity 开花期 Anthesis
籽粒产量
Grain yield		 颖壳生物量
Glume biomass		 茎叶生物量
Stem biomass		 根生物量
Root biomass		 茎叶生物量
Stem biomass		 穗生物量
Spike biomass
Zn 0 9325±25 2338±40 7326±76 529±18 11,167±107 2663±48
Zn 90 9631±60** 2243±63 7110±61 640±16** 11,064±97 3035±31***

图1

小麦成熟期各部位锌、锰含量及累积量 处理同表1。***表示不同类别处理组间在0.001概率水平差异显著, ns表示差异不显著。"

图2

小麦开花期各部位锌、锰累积量 处理同表1。***表示不同类别处理组间在0.001概率水平差异显著, ns表示差异不显著。"

图3

施用锌肥对小麦锌、锰吸收、转移、分配的影响 处理同表1。*表示不同类别品种组间具有显著差异, **: P < 0.01, ***: P < 0.001, ns表示差异不显著。TFroot-shoot: 小麦开花期根向地上部的养分锌转移系数。"

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