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作物学报

作物学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (11): 2845-2859.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2025.53038

• 综述 •    下一篇

四川省农作物种业发展现状与对策

唐永严1(), 尹俊杰1, 侯青青1, 冯俊彦2, 李俊3, 杨武云3, 陈学伟1,*(), 胡培松4,*(), 万建民5,6,*()   

  1. 1 新基石科学实验室 / 四川农业大学西南作物基因资源发掘与利用国家重点实验室, 四川成都 611130
    2 四川省农业科学院生物技术核技术研究所, 四川成都 610066
    3 四川省农业科学院作物研究所, 四川成都 610066
    4 中国水稻研究所水稻生物育种全国重点实验室, 浙江杭州 311401
    5 南京农业大学农学院, 江苏南京 210095
    6 中国农业科学院作物科学研究所, 北京 100081
  • 收稿日期:2025-05-22 接受日期:2025-06-20 出版日期:2025-11-12 网络出版日期:2025-07-30
  • 通讯作者: *万建民, E-mail: wanjm@njau.edu.cn; 胡培松, E-mail: hupeisong@caas.cn; 陈学伟, E-mail: xwchen88@sicau.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:E-mail: tangyongyan8826@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    四川省科技计划项目(2022JDR0353);新基石研究员项目(NCI202339)

Current status and countermeasures for crop seed industry development in Sichuan province, China

TANG Yong-Yan1(), YIN Jun-Jie1, HOU Qing-Qing1, FENG Jun-Yan2, LI Jun3, YANG Wu-Yun3, CHEN Xue-Wei1,*(), HU Pei-Song4,*(), WAN Jian-Min5,6,*()   

  1. 1 New Cornerstone Science Laboratory / State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
    2 Biotechnology and Nuclear Technology Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610066, Sichuan, China
    3 Crop Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610066, Sichuan, China
    4 National Key Laboratory of Rice Biological Breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311401, Zhejiang, China
    5 College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China
    6 Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
  • Received:2025-05-22 Accepted:2025-06-20 Published:2025-11-12 Published online:2025-07-30
  • Contact: *E-mail: wanjm@njau.edu.cn; E-mail: hupeisong@caas.cn; E-mail: xwchen88@sicau.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    Sichuan Province Science and Technology Program(2022JDR0353);New Cornerstone Investigator Program(NCI202339)

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摘要：

作物种质资源作为农业发展的核心要素, 其高效开发利用对推动农业现代化和保障国家粮食安全具有重要的战略意义。近年来, 四川省在种质资源普查、作物种植结构优化、作物产量提升和新品种选育等方面都取得了显著成效, 但仍面临种质资源保存与利用不足、国家级种业创新平台缺乏、科技创新力不足、种业企业竞争力不强等瓶颈。作为国家战略腹地和种业大省, 四川省在维护国家粮食安全格局、驱动农业可持续发展、引领农业科技创新等方面承担着不可替代的使命。鉴于此, 亟需通过强化政策体系顶层设计, 促进种质资源高效利用、推进种业科技创新、完善产学研协同创新机制, 以培育具有核心竞争力的现代化种业企业集群, 加快实现四川省从种业大省向种业强省的转型升级, 切实筑牢国家粮食安全根基。

关键词: 四川省, 农作物, 种业发展, 作物育种, 种质资源

Abstract:

Crop germplasm resources are fundamental to agricultural advancement. Their efficient development and utilization are strategic importance for advancing agricultural modernization and ensuring national food security. In recent years, Sichuan province has made significant progress in germplasm resource surveys, optimizing crop planting structure, increasing crop yield, and breeding new crop varieties. However, critical challenges still exist. These includes inadequate preservation and utilization of germplasm resources, the absence of a national-level seed industry innovation platform, limited scientific innovation capacity, and weak competitiveness among seed industry enterprises. As a national strategic hinterland and a major seed industry province, Sichuan holds an irreplaceable role in maintaining national food security, driving sustainable agricultural development, and pioneering agricultural science-technology innovation. To address these challenges, Sichuan must urgently strengthen policy system design, enhance the efficiency of germplasm resource utilization, advance scientific innovation of seed industry, and improve industry-academia-research collaborative innovation. These steps will foster a cluster of modern and competitive seed enterprises, accelerate Sichuan’s transition from a major seed province to an innovation-led powerhouse, ultimately strengthening national food security.

Key words: Sichuan province, crops, seed industry development, crop breeding, germplasm resources

图1

四川省农作物播种面积的历史变化 A: 2004-2022年间, 四川省各大类农作物播种面积统计。B: 2004- 2022年间, 四川省主要农作物播种面积统计。数据来源于国家统计局(https://www.stats.gov.cn/)。"

图2

四川省农作物产量的历史变化 A, B: 2004-2022年四川省各大类农作物(A)和主要农作物(B)的单位面积产量统计。C, D: 2004-2022年四川省各大类农作物(C)和主要农作物(D)的总产量统计。数据来源于国家统计局(https://www.stats.gov.cn/)。"

图3

几种农作物在不同省级行政区的单位面积产量 全国各省级行政区水稻、玉米、小麦、大豆、马铃薯、花生和油菜的单位面积产量, 数据展示的是2019-2022年的平均值。数据来源于国家统计局(https://www.stats.gov.cn/)。"

表1

四川省在1984-2024年间审定的农作物品种数量"

年份
Year		 审定品种数量
Number of approved varieties		 引种品种数量
Number of introduced varieties
总数
Total		 玉米
Maize		 水稻
Rice		 小麦
Wheat		 大豆
Soybean		 棉花
Cotton		 总数
Total		 玉米
Maize		 水稻
Rice		 大豆
Soybean
1984 8 — — 8 — — — — — —
1985 31 9 12 4 2 4 — — — —
1986 17 3 7 3 3 1 — — — —
1987 15 5 7 — 2 1 — — — —
1988 10 1 5 3 1 — — — — —
1989 18 4 7 5 2 — — — — —
1990 13 3 4 3 2 1 — — — —
1991 14 8 1 2 — 3 — — — —
1992 20 4 6 3 4 3 — — — —
1993 21 6 6 3 4 2 — — — —
1995 42 8 14 12 5 3 — — — —
1996 26 6 10 4 3 3 — — — —
1997 35 7 18 8 2 — — — — —
1999 54 13 29 6 4 2 — — — —
2000 49 15 25 3 4 2 — — — —
2001 41 11 22 4 4 — 2 2 — —
2002 54 11 31 11 2 2 3 2 1 —
2003 62 14 22 17 5 4 3 2 1 —
2004 61 19 24 12 4 2 5 4 1 —
2005 71 26 25 12 6 2 22 14 8 —
2006 49 23 11 9 3 3 11 7 4 —
2007 54 23 13 12 4 2 — — — —
2008 63 22 16 12 7 6 — — — —
2009 61 35 6 11 3 6 — — — —
2010 48 16 15 2 7 5 — — — —
2011 46 25 12 4 5 — — — — —
2012 58 33 11 6 7 1 — — — —
2013 66 25 18 12 5 6 — — — —
2014 52 16 19 12 2 3 — — — —
2015 53 9 22 16 6 — — — — —
2016 41 15 9 12 3 2 — — — —
2017 45 23 11 8 3 — 198 131 64 3
2018 64 24 21 16 2 1 162 110 50 2
2019 100 54 27 12 7 — 55 41 14 —
2020 225 125 63 23 8 6 136 109 27 —
2021 285 137 125 11 9 3 52 42 10 —
2022 256 103 128 13 11 1 98 74 16 8
2023 160 69 79 — 7 5 — — — —
2024 146 65 64 10 7 — — — — —
总数 Total 2554 1016 945 338 170 85 747 538 196 13

表2

四川省在2017-2024年登记的非主粮农作物品种数量"

物种
Species		 总数
Total		 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024
辣椒 Chili pepper 1705 30 546 254 321 148 107 169 130
大白菜 Chinese cabbage 997 38 364 223 141 48 52 62 69
油菜 Rape 957 73 157 90 107 126 173 87 144
番茄 Tomato 691 10 167 110 90 49 59 121 85
西瓜 Watermelon 588 33 276 52 103 18 50 29 27
结球甘蓝 Cabbage 372 4 69 98 66 31 23 49 32
黄瓜 Cucumber 336 3 85 95 34 23 37 21 38
豌豆 Pea 258 — 13 42 25 30 23 71 54
甜瓜 Muskmelon 234 4 101 51 48 5 21 1 3
甘薯 Sweet potato 92 — 18 14 13 11 14 17 5
高粱 Sorghum 90 4 21 4 17 9 13 9 13
花生 Peanut 86 2 17 17 5 11 15 9 10
马铃薯 Potato 55 2 6 5 8 6 12 8 8
茶树 Tea tree 44 — 3 15 — 9 8 9 —
蚕豆 Broad bean 43 — 5 7 4 4 5 4 14
大麦 Barley 23 — 3 4 7 1 — 2 6
茎瘤芥 Stem mustard 22 — 4 13 3 — — — 2
葡萄 Grape 21 — 15 — 4 — — 2 —
柑橘 Citrus 18 — 9 2 2 1 — 1 3
桃 Peach 17 — 13 — — — — 1 3
梨 Pear 7 — 1 — — — 3 3 —
苹果 Apple 4 — 4 — — — — — —
甘蔗 Sugarcane 2 — — — — 1 — 1 —
总数 Total 6662 203 1897 1096 998 531 615 676 646

图4

2017-2024年四川省非主要农作物登记品种数量 分别统计2017-2024年省内和省外单位或个人申请的非主粮农作物品种数量, 数据来源于四川省农业农村厅(https://nynct.sc.gov.cn/)。"

图5

2020-2024年各省级行政区国家审定品种数量 分别统计2020-2024年全国各省级行政区国家审定的水稻、玉米、小麦、大豆、棉花品种数量, 数据来源于中国种业大数据平台(http://202.127.42.145/bigdataNew/#)。"

图6

2021-2024年各省级行政区国家登记品种数量 分别统计2021-2024年全国各省级行政区国家登记的油菜、辣椒、结球甘蓝、大白菜、番茄和黄瓜的品种数量, 数据来源于中国种业大数据平台(http://202.127.42.145/bigdataNew/#)。"

图7

2020-2024年四川省申请品种数量排名前30的单位 分别统计2020-2024年四川省各单位申请的审定农作物品种或登记农作物品种数量, 图中展示的是申请品种数量排名前30的单位。数据来源于四川省农业农村厅(https://nynct.sc.gov.cn/)。"

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