苦荞苗期耐低磷种质筛选及耐低磷综合评价

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2025.51044

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

土壤磷素的低有效性已经成为了我国苦荞产量提升的重要限制因素。为了综合评价我国苦荞种质资源耐低磷性，筛选耐低磷性苦荞品种，本研究以200份苦荞种质资源为材料，设置正常磷(2.00 mmol L^-¹ KH₂PO₄)和低磷(0.05 mmol L^-¹ KH₂PO₄) 2个处理，测量苦荞苗期株高、主根长度、地上部鲜重和根系表面积等17个指标，利用主成分分析、相关性分析、隶属函数分析和聚类分析等方法对参试苦荞种质的耐低磷性进行综合评价和筛选，并利用逐步回归分析建立了耐低磷性回归方程。结果表明，苦荞幼苗各指标在正常磷及低磷处理下均存在较大变异；通过主成分分析将17个单项指标转换为5个独立的综合指标，并利用综合指标的隶属函数值计算耐低磷综合评价值D；进一步采用系统聚类分析法，根据D值的大小将200份种质资源分成5类：11份高耐低磷型材料、15份耐低磷型材料、80份中等耐低磷型材料、81份低磷敏感型材料和13份低磷高敏感型材料；通过逐步回归分析建立苦荞苗期耐低磷性预测模型：D = -0.38+0.07X₁+0.42X₂+0.07X₃+0.06X₄+0.06X₅+0.05X₆+0.08X₇+0.05X₈(R²= 0.98)，筛选出总根长、总鲜物重、株高、根系投影面积、根尖数、根分叉数、总干物重和根体积可作为苦荞耐低磷性鉴定的指标。本研究构建了苦荞耐低磷性综合评价体系，筛选出11份高耐低磷型材料和13份低磷高敏感型材料，为苦荞耐低磷机制研究和选育耐低磷品种提供了重要的理论依据。

关键词: 苦荞, 种质资源, 苗期, 耐低磷性, 综合评价

Abstract:

Low phosphorus availability in soil has become a major limiting factor for improving Tartary buckwheat production in China. To comprehensively evaluate the low-phosphorus tolerance of Tartary buckwheat germplasm and identify tolerant varieties, this study examined 200 germplasm resources under two phosphorus treatments: normal phosphorus (2.00 mmol L^-¹ KH₂PO₄) and low phosphorus (0.05 mmol L^-¹ KH₂PO₄). Seventeen seedling-stage traits were measured, including plant height, taproot length, shoot fresh weight, and root surface area. Principal component analysis (PCA), correlation analysis, membership function analysis, and cluster analysis were employed to comprehensively assess and classify the low-phosphorus tolerance of the germplasm. In addition, stepwise regression analysis was used to develop a predictive model for low-phosphorus tolerance. The results revealed significant variation in seedling traits under both phosphorus conditions. PCA reduced the 17 traits to five independent comprehensive indices, which were then used to calculate the comprehensive evaluation value (D) based on membership function analysis. Cluster analysis based on D values grouped the 200 accessions into five categories: 11 highly tolerant, 15 moderately tolerant, 80 tolerant, 81 sensitive, and 13 highly sensitive to low-phosphorus stress. Stepwise multiple regression produced a predictive model for low-phosphorus tolerance at the seedling stage: D=-0.38+0.07X₁+0.42X₂+0.07X₃+0.06X₄+0.06X₅+0.05X₆+0.08X₇+0.05X₈ (R²=0.98). Key traits contributing to this model included total root length, total fresh weight, plant height, root projection area, number of root tips, number of root forks, total dry weight, and root volume. This study established a comprehensive evaluation system for low-phosphorus tolerance in Tartary buckwheat and identified 11 highly tolerant and 13 highly sensitive accessions. These findings provide a theoretical foundation for understanding the mechanisms of low-phosphorus tolerance and for breeding low-phosphorus-tolerant Tartary buckwheat varieties.

Key words: Tartary buckwheat, germplasm resources, seedling stage, low phosphorus tolerant, comprehensive evaluation

葛家豪, 雷欣月, 王清明, 韩慧冰, 李少飞, 王琦璇, 冯佰利, 高金锋. 苦荞苗期耐低磷种质筛选及耐低磷综合评价[J]. 作物学报, 0, (): 0-.

GE Jia-Hao, LEI Xin-Yue, WANG Qing-Ming, HAN Hui-Bing, LI Shao-Fei, WANG Qi-Xuan, FENG Bai-Li, GAO Jin-Feng. Screening of low-phosphorus tolerant germplasm and comprehensive evaluation of low phosphorus tolerance in Tartary buckwheat at seedling stage[J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 0, (): 0-.

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