作物学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (9): 2207-2218.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2024.34216
闫锋1(), 董扬1,*(
), 李清泉1, 赵富阳1, 侯晓敏1, 刘洋1, 李青超1, 赵蕾1, 范国权2, 刘凯3
YAN Feng1(), DONG Yang1,*(
), LI Qing-Quan1, ZHAO Fu-Yang1, HOU Xiao-Min1, LIU Yang1, LI Qing-Chao1, ZHAO Lei1, FAN Guo-Quan2, LIU Kai3
摘要:
黑龙江地处高纬度地区, 谷子播种后萌发期冷害频繁发生, 造成出苗缓慢、出苗不齐、缺苗, 是限制本地区谷子产量和品质的关键性因素, 鉴定谷子耐冷性并筛选耐冷评价指标, 可为耐冷谷子品种选育提供理论依据并对谷子安全生产具有重要意义。以52个谷子育成品种为研究对象, 设置12个萌发期冷胁迫处理, 以发芽率为指标探讨了谷子萌发期耐冷性的适宜鉴定方法。低温胁迫后测量了发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数、芽长、根长、芽鲜重、根鲜重7个指标的耐冷系数, 运用隶属函数分析、主成分分析、相关分析和聚类分析法对参试品种的耐冷性进行了综合评价和归类, 并采用逐步回归分析建立了耐冷性预测回归方程。结果表明, 8℃低温处理7 d, 谷子品种发芽率的变异幅度最大, 能较好地鉴别品种间耐冷性差异, 是谷子萌发期耐冷性鉴定的最适宜条件; 低温胁迫后7个鉴定指标均低28℃对照处理, 但各指标间降低程度不同; 利用主成分分析将7个单项指标转化为3个独立的综合指标, 主成分分析表明, 芽长、芽鲜重和根鲜重最能代表谷子萌发期对低温胁迫后的响应情况, 可作为萌发期耐冷性鉴定的评价指标。通过聚类分析, 将52个谷子品种划分为3类, 筛选出嫩选14、朝谷14、蒙黑谷8号等17个高度耐冷品种, 以及鲁谷7号、晋谷20等15个冷敏感品种, 这些品种可为耐冷育种和谷子生产提供种质基础。
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