作物学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 52 ›› Issue (4): 1220-1235.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2026.51079
崔雪梅1,2(
), 柳妍娣1,3(
), 刘景辉1,2, 米俊珍1,2, 武俊英1,4, 赵宝平1,2,*(
)
Cui Xue-Mei1,2(
), Liu Yan-Di1,3(
), Liu Jing-Hui1,2, Mi Jun-Zhen1,2, Wu Jun-Ying1,4, Zhao Bao-Ping1,2,*(
)
摘要:
为了解燕麦强弱势粒生理特性对产量的影响, 于2021—2022年在内蒙古自治区包头市土默特右旗内蒙古农业大学现代农业产业园开展大田试验。以9个燕麦品种为试验材料, 测定燕麦灌浆期蔗糖代谢、淀粉含量和相关酶活性及成熟期籽粒产量。利用相关性分析和通径分析, 阐明燕麦强弱势粒生理特性对籽粒产量形成的生理基础。结果表明, 基于成熟期籽粒产量差异, “坝莜1号” “坝莜9号” “坝莜18号”和“草莜1号”为高产品种(2582.67~3341.29 kg hm-2), “华北2号” “白燕5号” “白燕2号”“定莜8号”和“品5号”为低产品种(1894.05~2397.45 kg hm-2), 且高产品种比低产品种籽粒产量显著高出5.39%~76.41%。具体而言, 高产品种强势粒蔗糖含量低于弱势粒, 但其蔗糖合酶(SUS)活性高于弱势粒; 强势粒的淀粉含量、可溶性淀粉合成酶(SSS)和腺苷二磷酸葡萄糖焦磷酸化酶(AGPase)活性均高于弱势粒, 说明强势粒对蔗糖的水解和向淀粉转化能力较强, 碳同化物的利用效率较高。各品种籽粒产量与穗上部、中部和下部的淀粉含量、SUS、SSS和AGPase活性均呈极显著正相关, 与蔗糖含量呈极显著负相关, 与穗上部蔗糖磷酸合成酶(SPS)活性呈显著负相关。通径分析表明, 强势粒中SSS对籽粒产量的正向作用最大, 而弱势粒中SUS对籽粒产量的正向作用最大。综上, 提高强势粒的淀粉合成能力及弱势粒蔗糖代谢能力对提高燕麦产量有积极影响。
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