作物学报 ›› 2012, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (04): 657-664.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2012.00657
冯伟,李晓,王永华,王晨阳,郭天财*
FENG Wei,Li Xiao,WANG Yong-Hua,WANG Chen-Yang,GUO Tian-Cai*
摘要: 以中蛋白质含量小麦品种矮抗58和高蛋白质含量品种郑麦366为试验材料,2008—2010年连续2个生长季进行了施氮梯度下(0、90、180和270 kg hm-2)的田间试验。在关键生育时期同步测定叶片荧光参数、叶和茎生物质量及氮含量,建立了基于叶位差的小麦植株氮含量荧光估算模型。结果表明,在小麦旺盛生长的拔节至孕穗期叶绿素荧光参数Fm、Fv、Fv/Fm和Fv/Fo与对应叶片氮含量的相关系数分别为0.557、0.601、0.619和0.633,均达极显著水平(P<0.01)。顶三叶间荧光参数差异较小,随施氮水平提高,顶部第4叶荧光参数与顶三叶间差异逐渐缩小,说明其对增施氮肥反应敏感。顶部第4叶与顶部第1叶间的荧光参数差异(LPD4-1)可较好拟合小麦拔节期植株氮含量变化,Fv/Fo和Fv/Fm方程决定系数R2分别为0.644 (P<0.001)和0.651 (P<0.001);顶部第4叶与顶部第2叶间的荧光参数差异(LPD4-2)方程拟合决定系数有所降低,分别为0.626 (P<0.002)和0.592 (P<0.005);而顶部第4叶与顶三叶之间的差异(LPD4-n)与小麦孕穗期植株氮含量间呈显著线性关系,其Fo、Fv和Fm方程决定系数分别为0.726 (P<0.001)、0.791 (P<0.001)和0.784 (P<0.001)。独立数据检验结果表明,小麦拔节期对Fv/Fo和Fv/Fm的LPD4-1预测精度R2分别为0.844( P<0.001)和0.828 (P<0.001),相对误差(RE)分别为13.0%和16.7%,而LPD4-2估算植株氮含量精度有所降低,R2分别为0.793 (P<0.001)和0.813 (P<0.001),RE分别为16.9%和18.4%。小麦孕穗期对Fv和Fm的LPD4-n预测方程的R2分别为0.831 (P<0.001)和0.815 (P<0.001),RE分别为13.2%和16.4%。比较而言,小麦拔节期Fv/Fo的LPD4-1和孕穗期Fv的LPD4-n可更好地用于评估不同条件下植株氮含量的变化,为施肥调控提供决策依据。
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