耕作方式对旱地小麦耗水特性和干物质积累的影响

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2012.00675

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 黄淮海地区旱地小麦种植面积较大，降水少且年际间变化幅度大造成其产量低而不稳。耕作措施可影响土壤的蓄水，于2009—2011年连续2个小麦生长季，设置条旋耕、深松+条旋耕、深松+旋耕和旋耕4种耕作方式处理，研究耕作方式对黄淮海地区旱地小麦耗水特性和干物质积累的影响。结果表明，深松+条旋耕处理有利于降低小麦播种至冬前阶段的耗水量，提高开花至成熟阶段的耗水量及其占总耗水量的比例。2009—2010年度，深松+条旋耕处理播种至拔节阶段0~20 cm土层贮水减少量显著低于深松+旋耕和旋耕处理，拔节至成熟阶段40~160 cm土层贮水减少量显著高于条旋耕和旋耕处理。2009—2010年度的各生育时期和2010—2011年度的苗期、开花期、灌浆期，深松+条旋耕处理株间蒸发量显著低于深松+旋耕和旋耕处理，与条旋耕处理无显著差异。深松+条旋耕处理开花至成熟阶段干物质积累量显著高于其他处理，耗水量显著高于条旋耕和旋耕处理，水分利用效率高于深松+旋耕和旋耕处理，与条旋耕处理无显著差异，而且籽粒产量最高，是本试验条件下的最优耕作方式。

关键词: 耕作方式, 冬小麦, 耗水量, 蒸发量, 干物质积累量

Abstract: The area of dryland wheat is large in Huang-Huai-Hai Rivers region, where grain yield of wheat was low and unstable because of deficient and variable precipitation. Conservation tillage is an important cultivation mode to stimulate crop production and has been a hotspot in cultivation research of winter wheat. Minimum tillage and no-tillage are believed to significantly increase grain yield and water use efficiency of dryland wheat. A field experiment was conducted to study the effects of tillage modes on water consumption and dry matter accumulation of wheat in hill area of Shandong Province in 2009–2010 and 2010–2011 growing seasons. Compared to strip rotary tillage (SR), rotary tillage after subsoiling (RS), and rotary tillage (R) treatments, strip rotary tillage after subsoiling (SRS) treatment was beneficial to reduce water consumption amount from sowing to pre-winter stage, increase water consumption amount from anthesis to maturity stage, and promote the ratio of water consumption after anthesis to the total water consumption. The water reduction amount in 0–20 cm soil layer was lower in SRS treatment than in RS and R treatments from sowing to jointing, while that in 40–160 cm soil layer was higher in SRS treatment than in SR and R treatments from jointing to maturity.In the whole growing period of 2009–2010 and seedling, anthesis, and filling stages of 2010–2011, the evaporation of SRS was lower than that of RS or R treatment, which was equivalent to that of SR with no significant difference. SRS treatment had the highest dry matter accumulation amount from anthesis to maturity stage. Compared to SR and R treatments, SRS treatment had higher water consumption amount and water use efficiency. There was no significant difference between SRS and SR treatments in water consumption and water use efficiency, but the grain yield was the highest in SRS treatment. Therefore, SRS treatment is considered as the best tillage treatment under the experimental condition.

Key words: Tillage, Winter wheat, Water consumption amount, Evaporation, Dry matter accumulation amount

王红光，于振文，张永丽，石玉，王东. 耕作方式对旱地小麦耗水特性和干物质积累的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2012, 38(04): 675-682.

WANG Hong-Guang, YU Zhen-Wen, ZHANG Yong-Li, SHI Yu,WANG Dong. Effects of Tillage Regimes on Water Consumption and Dry Matter Accumulation in Dryland Wheat[J]. Acta Agron Sin, 2012, 38(04): 675-682.

导出引用管理器 EndNote|Reference Manager|ProCite|BibTeX|RefWorks

链接本文: https://zwxb.chinacrops.org/CN/10.3724/SP.J.1006.2012.00675

https://zwxb.chinacrops.org/CN/Y2012/V38/I04/675

参考文献

[1]Wang Y-F(王月福), Cheng J-L(程金亮), Wang B-J(王炳军), Wang Y-G(王岳光), Wang L-L(王丽丽), Sui C-Q(隋春青). Review and outlook to the production and development of wheat in dryland of Shandong. Laiyang Agric Coll (莱阳农学院学报), 2003, 20(3): 202-205 (in Chinese)

[2]Jiang W-L(姜文来), Tang H-J(唐华俊), Luo Q-Y(罗其友), Tao T(陶陶). Study of agricultural comprehensive development strategy in Huang-Huai-Hai region. Agric Outlook (农业展望), 2007, 3(3): 34-37 (in Chinese)

[3]Riksen M J P M, Goossens D. Tillage techniques to reactivate aeolian erosion on inland drift-sand. Soil Tillage Res, 2005, 83: 218-236

[4]Bhatt R, Khera K L. Effect of tillage and mode of straw mulch application on soil erosion in the submontaneous tract of Punjab, India. Soil Tillage Res, 2006, 88: 107-115

[5]Wang X B, Cai D X, Hoogmoed W B, Oenema O, Perdok U D. Developments in conservation tillage in rainfed regions of north China. Soil Tillage Res, 2007, 93: 239-250

[6]Zhang Y, Peng B Z, Gao X, Yang H. Degradation of soil properties due to erosion on sloping land in southern Jiangsu province, China. Pedosphoere, 2004, 14: 17-26

[7]Chu P-F(褚鹏飞), Yu Z-W(于振文), Wang D(王东), Zhang Y-L(张永丽). Effects of tillage on water consumption characteristics and grain yield of wheat. Sci Agric Sin (中国农业科学), 2010, 43(19): 3954-3964 (in Chinese with English abstract)

[8]Paustian K, Six J, Elliot E T, Hunt H W. Management options for reducing CO2 emissions from agricultural soils. Biogeochemistry, 2000, 48: 147-163

[9]Blanco-Canqui H, Lal R. Mechanisms of carbon sequestration in soil aggregates. Crit Rev Plant Sci, 2004, 23: 481-504

[10]Lampurlanes J, Cantero-Martinez C. Hydraulic conductivity, residue cover and soil surface roughness under different tillage systems in semiarid conditions. Soil Tillage Res, 2006, 85: 13-26

[11]Borghei A M, Taghinejad J, Minaei S, Karimi M, Varnamkhasti M G. Effect of subsoiling on soil bulk density, penetration resistance and cotton yield in northwest of Iran. Int J Agric Biol, 2008, 10: 120-123

[12]Lü M-R(吕美蓉), Li Z-J(李增嘉), Zhang T(张涛), Ning T-Y(宁堂原), Zhao J-B(赵建波), Li H-J(李洪杰). Effects of minimum or no-tillage system and straw returning on extreme soil moisture and yield of winter wheat. Trans CSAE (农业工程学报), 2010, 26(1): 41-46 (in Chinese with English abstract)

[13]Li S-J(李素娟), Chen J-K(陈继康), Chen F(陈阜), Li L(李琳), Zhang H-L(张海林). Characteristics of growth and development of winter wheat under zero-tillage in North China Plain. Acta Agron Sin (作物学报), 2008, 34(2): 290-296 (in Chinese with English abstract)

[14]Mohanty M, Bandyopadhyay K K, Painuli D K, Ghosh P K, Misra A K, Hati K M. Water transmission characteristics of a Vertisol and water use efficiency of rainfed soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] under subsoiling and manuring. Soil Tillage Res, 2007, 93: 420-428

[15]Zhao H-T(赵海涛), Shi S-B(师帅兵). Benefit analysis on the technology of mechanized conservation tillage. Agric Mechanization Res (农机化研究), 2006, (8): 74-76 (in Chinese with English abstract)

[16]Liao Y-C(廖允成), Han S-M(韩思明), Wen X-X(温晓霞). Soil water wontent and crop yield effects of mechanized conservative

tillage-cultivation system for dryland winter wheat in the loess tableland. Trans CSAE (农业工程学报), 2002, 18(4): 68-71 (in Chinese with English abstract)

[17]Mao H-L(毛红玲), Li J(李军), Jia Z-K(贾志宽), Wang L(王蕾). Soil water conservation effect, yield and income increments of conservation tillage measures on dryland wheat field. Trans CSAE (农业工程学报), 2010, 26(8): 44-51 (in Chinese with English abstract)

[18]Qin H-L(秦红灵), Gao W-S(高旺盛), Ma C-Y(马月存), Ma L(马丽), Yin C-M(尹春梅). Effects of subsoiling on soil moisture under no-tillage 2 years later. Sci Agric Sin (中国农业科学), 2008, 41(1): 78-85 (in Chinese with English abstract)

[19]Li L-L(李玲玲), Huang G-B(黄高宝), Qin S-H(秦舒浩), Yu A-Z(于爱忠). Effect of conservation tillage on dry matter accumulating and yield of winter wheat in Oasis area. Acta Agron Sin (作物学报), 2011, 37(3): 514-520 (in Chinese with English abstract)

[20]Liu Z-J(刘增进), Li B-P(李宝萍), Li Y-H(李远华), Cui Y-L(崔远来). Research on the water use efficiency and optimal irrigation schedule of the winter wheat. Trans CSAE (农业工程学报), 2004, 20(4): 58-63 (in Chinese with English abstract)

[21]Oweis T, Zhang H, Pala M. Water use efficiency of rainfed and irrigation bread wheat in a Mediterranean environment. Agron J, 2000, 92: 231-238

[22]Sun H-Y(孙宏勇), Liu C-M(刘昌明), Zhang Y-Q(张永强), Zhang X-Y(张喜英). Study on soil evaporation by using micro-lysimete. J Hydraulic Eng (水利学报), 2004, 35(8): 114-118 (in Chinese with English abstract)

[23]Du T-S(杜太生), Kang S-Z(康绍忠), Wang Z-C(王振昌), Wang F(王锋), Yang X-Y(杨秀英), Su X-L(苏兴礼). Responses of cotton growth, yield, and water use efficiency to alternate furrow irrigation. Acta Agron Sin (作物学报), 2007, 33(12): 1982-1990 (in Chinese with English abstract)

[24]Ramon J, Agnès H. Effects of tillage systems in dryland farming on near-surface water content during the late winter period. Soil Tillage Res, 2005, 82: 173-183

[25]Jin K, Cornelis W M, Schiettecatte W, Lu J J, Yao Y Q, Wu H J, Gabriels D, Neve S D, Cai D X, Jin J Y, Hartmann R. Effects of different management practices on the soil-water balance and crop yield for improved dryland farming in the Chinese Loess Plateau. Soil Tillage Res, 2007, 96: 131-144

[26]Jin F-X(金复鑫), Peng W-Y(彭文英), Zhang K-L(张科利), Wang R(王龙). Dynamics of soil moisture content under conditions of conservation tillage in Beijing. Chin Soil Sci (土壤通报), 2009, 40(1): 28-33 (in Chinese with English abstract)

[27]Wang Y-H(王育红), Yao Y-Q(姚宇卿), Lü J-J(吕军杰), Huang J-T(黄江涛), Zhang J(张洁). Ecological effect of subsoiling high stubble on the winter wheat in sloping land of western Henan. Chin Eco-agric (中国生态农业学报), 2004, 12(2): 146-148 (in Chinese with English abstract)

[28]Chen S-L(陈四龙), Chen S-Y(陈素英), Sun H-Y(孙宏勇), Zhang X-Y(张喜英), Pei Y(裴勇). Effect of different tillages on soil evaporation and water use efficiency of winter wheat in the field. Chin Soil Sci (土壤通报), 2006, 37(4): 817-820 (in Chinese with English abstract)

[29]Wang X-J(王晓娟), Huang G-B(黄高宝), Li Q-P(李卿沛), Ma J(马剑), Gao Y-Q(高亚琴), Liu B(刘博). Characteristics of the evapotranspiration and its yield performance of rainfed spring wheat and peas fields. Arid Land Resour Environ (干旱区资源与环境), 2010, 24(5): 172-177 (in Chinese with English abstract)

[30]Lei J-Y(雷金银), Wu F-Q(吴发启), Wang J(王健), Guo J-H(郭建华). Effects of conservation tillage on soil physical properties and corn yield. Trans CSAE (农业工程学报), 2008, 24(10): 40-45 (in Chinese with English abstract)

[31]He J(何进), Li H-W(李洪文), Gao H-W(高焕文). Subsoiling effect and economic benefit under conservation tillage mode in northern China. Trans CSAE (农业工程学报), 2006, 22(10): 62-67 (in Chinese with English abstract)

[32]Li Y-J(李友军), Huang M(黄明), Wu J-Z(吴金芝), Yao Y-Q(姚宇卿), Lü J-J(吕军杰). Effects of different tillage on utilization and run-off of water and nutrient in sloping farmland of Yuxi dryland area. Soil Water Conserv (水土保持学报), 2006, 20(2): 42-45 (in Chinese with English abstract)

[33]Jia S-L(贾树龙), Meng C-X(孟春香), Ren T-S(任图生), Yang Y-M(杨云马). Effect of tillage and residue management on crop yield and soil properties. Hebei Agric Sci (河北农业科学), 2004, 8(4): 37-42 (in Chinese with English abstract)

[34]Govaerts B, Sayre K D, Deckers J . Stable high yields with zero tillage and permanent bed planting? Field Crops Res, 2005, 94: 33-42

[35]Koch H J, Stockfisch N. Loss of soil organic matter upon ploughing under a loess soil after several years of conservation tillage. Soil Tillage Res, 2006, 86: 73-83

相关文章 15

[1]	胡川, 赵凯男, 黄修利, 吴金芝, 任开明, 王贺正, 付国占, 黄明, 李友军. 一次灌溉下耕作方式和氮肥用量对旱地小麦产量和品质的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2026, 52(6): 1830-1846.
[2]	张思思, 赵向辉, 周洋, 姚云凤, 朱荣昱, 董元杰, 胡国庆, 徐通, 刘兆新. 冬闲期翻耕和绿肥还田对连作花生田土壤理化性质和产量的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2026, 52(5): 1472-1486.
[3]	王壮壮, 武紫君, 张永新, 张芯源, 袁丽雪, 陈如雪, 刘世举, 段剑钊, 冯伟, 王同朝, 王永华. 豫东南黏壤潮土区水氮优化协同提高冬小麦产量和氮素利用效率[J]. 作物学报, 2026, 52(5): 1501-1521.
[4]	尚云秋, 赵竹, 陈欢, 丁永刚, 乔玉强, 李玮, 张向前, 曹承富, 杜世州. 长期定位耕作方式对雨养小麦籽粒灌浆和产量形成的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2026, 52(4): 1236-1250.
[5]	乔宇馨, 李程越, 康晓玉, 张鑫琪, 贾绍辉, 刘倩, 曹亚丽, 史鑫蕊, 郝兴宇, 李萍. 基于APSIM模型的长期免耕秸秆覆盖对旱地小麦增产效应研究[J]. 作物学报, 2026, 52(4): 1181-1192.
[6]	陈如雪, 孙丽芳, 张芯源, 牟海萌, 张永新, 袁丽雪, 彭仕乐, 王壮壮, 王永华. 秸秆还田与微生物菌剂配施对冬小麦旗叶碳氮代谢及产量形成的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2025, 51(7): 1901-1913.
[7]	吴柳格, 陈坚, 张鑫, 邓艾兴, 宋振伟, 郑成岩, 张卫建. 近二十年国审冬小麦品种的产量与品质性状变化趋势研究[J]. 作物学报, 2025, 51(7): 1814-1826.
[8]	赵刚, 张建军, 党翼, 樊廷录, 王磊, 周刚, 王淑英, 李兴茂, 倪胜利, 米文博, 周旭姣, 程万莉, 李尚中. 黄土旱塬区秸秆覆盖量对不同降雨年型土壤水温效应和冬小麦产量的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2025, 51(6): 1643-1653.
[9]	王东, 王森, 尚丽, 冯浩伟, 张永巧, 崔佳鸣, 李爽, 章佳聪, 车欢. 补灌对黄土高原半湿润区冬小麦产量和水分利用效率的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2025, 51(5): 1312-1325.
[10]	王娇, 白海霞, 韩语燕, 梁惠, 冯雅楠, 张东升, 李萍, 宗毓铮, 史鑫蕊, 郝兴宇. CO₂浓度升高、升温及其交互作用对良星99冬小麦叶片碳氮代谢的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2025, 51(4): 1061-1076.
[11]	张妍妍, 李迎, 刘栩辰, 黄超, 吕佳宁, 周海佳, 马守田, 秦安振, 高子乐, 吴光辉, 陈丹, 姬夏楠, 刘战东. 深松耕作条件下滴灌对冬小麦花后干物质积累及灌浆特性的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2025, 51(11): 3065-3079.
[12]	张军, 胡川, 周起晖, 任开明, 董誓言, 刘傲寒, 吴金芝, 黄明, 李友军. 减氮及有机肥替代对旱地冬小麦干物质积累、转运、分配和产量的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2025, 51(1): 207-220.
[13]	马艳明, 娄鸿耀, 王威, 孙娜, 颜国荣, 张胜军, 刘杰, 倪中福, 徐麟. 新疆冬小麦籽粒品质性状遗传差异与关联分析[J]. 作物学报, 2024, 50(6): 1394-1405.
[14]	黄宏胜, 张馨月, 居辉, 韩雪. 大气CO₂浓度升高背景下冬小麦冠层光谱特征和地上生物量估算[J]. 作物学报, 2024, 50(4): 991-1003.
[15]	赵荣荣, 丛楠, 赵闯. 基于Landsat 8影像提取豫中地区冬小麦和夏玉米分布信息的最佳时相选择[J]. 作物学报, 2024, 50(3): 721-733.

Metrics

Viewed

Full text

Abstract

Cited

Shared

Discussed