作物学报 ›› 2013, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (10): 1899-1908.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2013.01899
陈达刚,周新桥,李丽君,刘传光,张旭,陈友订*
CHEN Da-Gang,ZHOU Xin-Qiao,LI Li-Jun,LIU Chuan-Guang,ZHANG Xu,CHEN You-Ding*
摘要:
为探明不同类型高产籼稻的根系形态特征差异及其与产量的关系,以7个目前在华南地区大面积推广应用的主导品种(组合)合美占、桂农占、玉香油占、粤晶丝苗2号、五优308、天优998、天优122为材料,在2010—2011年进行两年盆栽试验,分别考查分蘖盛期、抽穗期及成熟期的单株、单茎及单条不定根形态性状,利用WinRhizo根系分析系统分析抽穗期的根系分枝特征,并计算根系形态特征与产量的相关性。结果表明: (1)杂交籼稻组合各生育时期的单株根数、单株根长、单茎根长及单条根长均显著大于常规籼稻品种;单株和单茎的根体积与干重差异不明显;常规稻单条根质量则普遍高于杂交稻。(2)抽穗期不同级别根的表面积和体积均为不定根>粗分枝根>细分枝根,杂交稻不同级别根的总长度为粗分枝根>不定根>细分枝根,常规稻则为不定根>粗分枝根>细分枝根;杂交稻的分枝根总长度及粗分枝根和细分枝根的长度、表面积、体积都显著大于常规稻;常规稻的平均根直径则显著大于杂交稻。(3)杂交稻与常规稻根系特征的主要差异是单株根数和长度的差异,分蘖数和单条根长度的差异是两者根系特征差异的重要原因。(4)单株不定根数、不定根总长、根干重等12个根系性状分别与产量显著或极显著正相关;单株不定根数和分枝根总表面积分别是影响产量的主要因素。这些结果为水稻根系遗传改良和超高产育种及栽培提供了参考。
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