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作物学报 ›› 2015, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (08): 1279-1286.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2015.01279

• 研究简报 • 上一篇    下一篇

苗期不同滴灌方式对东北春玉米产量和水分利用效率的影响

徐杰1,2,李从锋1,孟庆锋1,葛均筑3,王璞2,赵明1,*   

  1. 1中国农业科学院作物科学研究所 / 农业部作物生理生态与栽培重点开放实验室，北京 100081；2中国农业大学农业与生物技术学院，北京 100193；3华中农业大学植物科技学院，湖北武汉 430070
  • 收稿日期:2015-01-19 修回日期:2015-04-02 出版日期:2015-08-12 网络出版日期:2015-05-04
  • 通讯作者: 赵明, E-mail: zhaomingcau@163.net, Tel: 010-82108752
  • 基金资助:

    本研究由国家“十二五”科技支撑计划项目(2013BAD07B04, 2011BAD16B14)和国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(NYCYTX-02)资助。

Effects of Different Drip-Irrigation Modes at the Seeding Stage on Yield and Water-Use Efficiency of Spring Maize in Northeast China

XU Jie1,2,LI Cong-Feng1,MENG Qing-Feng1,GE Jun-Zhu3,WANG Pu2,ZHAO Ming1,*   

  1. 1 Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; 2 College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; 3 College of Plant Science & Technology of Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
  • Received:2015-01-19 Revised:2015-04-02 Published:2015-08-12 Published online:2015-05-04
  • Contact: 赵明, E-mail: zhaomingcau@163.net, Tel: 010-82108752

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摘要：

春旱是东北玉米产量增长的主要障碍因素之一，滴灌可有效缓解其对玉米生产的不利影响，不同滴灌方式的效果具有差异性。本文以常规雨养玉米为对照(CK)，研究了传统滴灌(采用内嵌迷宫式滴灌管)和新型滴灌(采用自流插入式滴灌管) 2种方式与不同埋管深度(0 cm、5 cm和10 cm)对玉米生长发育、产量和水分利用效率的影响。与对照相比，滴灌显著增产，增幅达9.5%~20.1%。传统滴灌不同埋管深度处理间产量差异不显著，而新型滴灌埋深5 cm产量显著高于地表滴灌，增幅为4.4%。同一埋深不同滴灌方式之间，新型滴灌埋深5 cm比传统滴灌增产8.8%，其他埋深差异不显著。与对照相比，滴灌处理出苗率提高11.3%，收获期穗数增加13.3%。新型滴灌埋深5 cm产量高于其他处理的原因是生殖生长期叶面积指数下降慢，显著提高收获期干物质重。与对照相比，滴灌处理水分利用效率提高8.1%~10.9%，其中新型滴灌埋深5 cm处理水分利用效率最高。因此，埋深5 cm新型滴灌是有效提高玉米产量和水分利用效率的灌溉方式。

关键词: 春旱, 滴灌埋深, 产量, 水分利用效率

Abstract:

The seasonal drought especially in spring is one of the major obstacle factors for yield improvement in maize production in Northeast China. Drip irrigation could effectively alleviate drought while different drip irrigation strategies have different impacts. Using rainfed maize as a control (CK), we compared the effects of traditional drip irrigation (using the Embedded labyrinth drip irrigation tube, TDI) and new drip irrigation (using the New drip irrigation tube, NDI) together with three depths of tube (0 cm, 5 cm and 10 cm) on maize growth, yield and water use. Compared with CK, irrigation treatments significantly increased grain yield by 9.5%–20.1%. For TDI, no significant yield difference was observed among three tube depths. For NDI, grain yield in treatment with 5 cm tube depth was 4.4% higher than that with 0 cm tube depth. At the same tube depth between TDI and NDI, no significant yield difference was observed with an exception of NDI with 5 cm tube depth, which increased yield by 8.8%. Compared with CK, yield increase with irrigation mainly resulted from the improvement of emergence rate, which was increased by 12%. The ear number per ha was improved by 13%. The higher yield in NDI with 5 cm tube depth was because of the delayed leaf senescence and higher total dry matter accumulation. Compared with CK, irrigation improved water use efficiency by 8.1%–10.9%, with the highest in NDI with 5 cm tube depth. Therefore, Using NDI with 5 cm tube depth could be an effective strategy to increase both yield and water use efficiency of spring maize in Northeast China.

Key words: Spring drought, Drip irrigation, Dripline depth, Yield, Water use efficiency

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