作物学报 ›› 2015, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (09): 1406-1415.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2015.01406
李广浩, 赵斌*, 董树亭*, 刘鹏, 张吉旺, 何在菊
LI Guang-Hao, ZHAO Bin*, DONG Shu-Ting*, LIU Peng, ZHANG Ji-Wang, HE Zai-Ju
摘要: 采用旱棚盆栽试验, 以郑单958为材料设置3个水分水平(正常水分W3、轻度水分胁迫W2、重度水分胁迫W1)和高氮N3 (施纯氮315 kg hm-2)、中氮N2 (施纯氮210 kg hm-2)、低氮N1 (施纯氮105 kg hm-2)、不施氮N0四个控释尿素施氮水平, 探讨控释尿素水氮耦合对夏玉米产量和光合特性的影响。结果表明, 控释尿素水氮耦合对夏玉米产量和光合特性具有显著影响。相同水分条件下, 夏玉米产量随施氮量增加而增加, W1条件下增产13.17%~20.96%, W2条件下增产13.93%~32.48%, W3条件下增产14.37%~21.83%。相同施氮水平下, 产量也随水分增加而增加, W2N3、W3N2和W3N3的产量在所有处理中较高。水氮耦合对夏玉米穗位叶净光合速率的影响显著, W1条件下N3、N2和N1处理间差异不显著, 均显著高于N0, W2、W3各施氮处理的净光合速率随施氮量增加而增加, W3各处理的平均净光合速率高于其他2个水分处理, W2N3比W3N3和W3N2前期略低, 后期无显著差异。水氮耦合效应能有效减缓穗位叶的实际光化学效率ΦPSII、叶片光化学猝灭系数qP以及PSII反应中心的最大光能转换效率的下降速率, 提高光能利用率。控释尿素水氮耦合能有效提高夏玉米花后穗位叶净光合速率, 保证籽粒对营养物质的需求, 提高穗位叶实际和最大光化学效率, 从而提高夏玉米的产量, 产量构成因素中增加千粒重和穗粒数的优势较大。综合产量与光合特性、荧光特性的表现, 在田间持水量为75%±5%的土壤条件下, 控释尿素施氮量以纯氮210 kg hm-2为最佳; 在田间持水量为55%±5%的土壤条件下, 控释尿素施氮量以纯氮315 kg hm-2为宜。
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