作物学报 ›› 2016, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (05): 725-733.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2016.00725
董志强,张丽华,李谦,吕丽华,申海平,崔永增,梁双波*,贾秀领
DONG Zhi-Qiang,ZHANG Li-Hua,LI Qian,LÜ Li-Hua,SHEN Hai-Ping,CUI Yong-Zeng,LIANG Shuang-Bo*,JIA Xiu-Ling
摘要:
为探讨华北地区微喷灌模式下冬小麦节水高产栽培适宜的灌溉制度,于2012—2013年(平水年)和2013—2014年度(枯水年),在同一块地观测了微喷灌和畦灌模式不同灌水处理对冬小麦群体变化、叶面积指数和籽粒产量,以及水分利用效率和耗水特性的影响。两种灌溉模式按不同灌水量和灌水次数设置6种组合处理,微喷灌的灌水量为60~180 mm,畦灌的灌水量为74~229 mm。2012—2013年度,微喷灌各处理小麦平均产量较畦灌增加5.6%,灌水量低于或等于90 mm时,微喷灌的产量显著高于畦灌;微喷灌模式下,灌水量120 mm时获得最高产量,但灌水量超过150 mm时,微喷灌模式产量显著低于畦灌模式。2013—2014年度,微喷灌模式平均产量较畦灌模式增加0.8%,灌水量150 mm时微喷灌模式的产量最高。千粒重和水分利用效率也表现为微喷灌模式高于畦灌模式,2012–2013年度分别增加5.1%和8.7%,2013–2014年度分别增加7.9%和10.7%。在本试验条件下,为获得冬小麦高产、高水分利用效率,建议微喷灌模式在平水年灌水量90~120 mm、耗水量325~355 mm,在枯水年灌水量105~150 mm、耗水量335~380 mm,每次灌水定额30~45 mm。微喷灌与畦灌相比,在同等产量水平下,平水年节水潜力为20~50 mm,枯水年为70~110 mm。
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