氮肥运筹对钵苗机插优质食味水稻产量及氮素吸收利用的影响

作物学报 ›› 2016, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (11): 1666-1676.

氮肥运筹对钵苗机插优质食味水稻产量及氮素吸收利用的影响

胡群¹,夏敏¹,张洪程^1,*,曹利强¹,郭保卫¹,魏海燕¹,陈厚存²,戴其根¹,霍中洋¹,许轲¹,林昌明²,韩宝富³

1扬州大学农业部长江流域稻作技术创新中心/扬州大学江苏省作物遗传生理重点实验室，江苏扬州225009；2海安县作物栽培技术指导站，江苏海安226600；3南通锦湖生态农业开发有限公司，江苏海安226600

收稿日期:2016-02-05 修回日期:2016-07-11 出版日期:2016-11-12 网络出版日期:2016-08-11
通讯作者: 张洪程,E-mail:hczhang@yzu.edu.cn
基金资助:
本研究由江苏省农业自主创新基金(CX[15]1002)，江苏省农业三新工程(SXGC[2015]325)，国家公益性行业专项(201040005)和江苏省重点研发计划(BE2015340,BE2016351)资助。

Effect of Nitrogen Application Regime on Yield,Nitrogen Absorptionand Utilization of Mechanical Pot-Seedling Transplanting Rice with GoodT aste Quality

HU Qun1, XIA Min1, ZHANG Hong-Cheng1,*, CAO Li-Qiang1, GUO Bao-Wei1, WEI Hai-Yan1, CHEN Hou-Cun2, DAI Qi-Gen1, HUO Zhong-Yang1, XU Ke1, LIN Chang-Ming2, and HAN Bao-Fu3

1 Innovation Center of Rice Cultivation Technology in Yangtze Valley, Ministry of Agriculture / Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Yangzhou 225009, China; 2 Crop Cultivation Technology Guidence Station, Hai’an County, Hai’an 226600, China; 3 Nantong Kumho Ecological Agriculture Development Co., Ltd, Hai’an 226600, China

Received:2016-02-05 Revised:2016-07-11 Published:2016-11-12 Published online:2016-08-11
Contact: 张洪程,E-mail:hczhang@yzu.edu.cn
Supported by:
ThisworkwasfinancedbytheAgriculturalIndependentInnovationFundofJiangsuProvince(CX[15]1002),ThreeNewAgricultureProjectofJiangsuProvince(SXGC[2015]325),NationalNonprofitIndustry-specific(201040005),andImportantResearchandDevelopmentProgramsofJiangsuProvince(BE2015340,BE2016351).

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

近年来，长江中下游地区优质食味水稻的种植面积不断拓展，新型的配套钵苗机插栽培技术增产增效显著。其中，氮肥施用起着主要的调控作用。以江苏优质食味水稻代表性品种南粳9108和南粳5055为材料，在总施纯氮量270 kg hm-2大田氮肥常用量条件下，设置10∶0、9∶1、8∶2、7∶3、6∶4、5∶5、4∶6七种基蘖肥与穗肥比例的处理。比较研究不同处理对钵苗机插优质食味水稻产量及其构成因素、茎蘖动态、叶面积指数、干物质积累、氮素吸收利用等方面的影响。结果表明，当基蘖肥与穗肥比例为6∶4时产量最高，因其在稳定穗数的基础上，每穗粒数显著高于其他处理，群体颖花量高，同时能显著提高结实率和千粒重。群体茎蘖数随着基蘖肥比例的降低而逐渐减少，穗肥比例较高的处理拔节之后茎蘖数下降平缓，成熟期茎蘖成穗率明显高于穗肥比例较低的处理；6∶4处理生育中、后期群体叶面积指数和干物质积累量均较高，尤其成熟期干物质重以及拔节至成熟期阶段干物质积累量显著大于其他处理。6∶4处理拔节之前的氮素积累量较少，拔节之后氮素积累量和成熟期总吸氮量显著高于其他处理，氮肥表观利用率、氮肥生理利用率、氮肥农学利用率和偏生产力都显著高于其他处理。基蘖肥与穗肥比例为6∶4的氮肥运筹方式，利于在培育适宜穗数的同时，培育大穗，提高结实率和千粒重，协调产量构成因素，优化群体质量，使钵苗机插优质食味水稻达到高产、高效的相互统一。

关键词: 氮肥运筹, 钵苗机插, 优质食味水稻, 产量, 氮素吸收利用

Abstract:

In recent years, the planting area of good taste quality rice in the Yangtze River region is continuously expanded. With developing the new matching technology of mechanical pot-seedling transplanting rice, the yield and efficiency of good taste quality rice were increased significantly. Nitrogen fertilizer plays a major role in rice production. Two representative rice cultivars with good taste quality grown in Jiangsu, named Nanjing9108 and Nanjing5055, were adopted in this study. The total amount of nitrogen applied in each treatment was 270 kg ha-1 with different ratio of basal-tillering-fertilizer to panicle-fertilizer, including 10:0, 9:1, 8:2, 7:3, 6:4, 5:5, and 4:6. The effects of the nitrogen application strategies on yield and its components, stems and tillers dynamic, leaf area index(LAI), dry matter accumulation, and nitrogen use efficiency of rice were studied and the best method of nitrogen application was also accessed. It was found that the treatment with the ratio of basal-tillering-fertilizer to panicle-fertilizer of 6:4 had the highest yield, due to its higher spikelets per panicle based on more and stable panicle number, higher seed setting rate and 1000-gain weight than these of other treatments. The population number of stems and tillers gradually reduced with the ratio of basal-tillering fertilizer decreased and gently decreased after jointing stage in the treatments with more panicle-fertilizer. The percentage of productive tillers decreased with the ratio of panicle-fertilizer increased. During the middle and late growth stages, the treatment of 6:4 had significantly larger LAI and higher dry matter accumulation. The treatment of 6:4 had a litter nitrogen accumulation before jointing, but higher nitrogen accumulation after jointing and higher total nitrogen accumulation at mature stage than other treatments. Apparent nitrogen use efficiency, physiological nitrogen use efficiency, agronomic nitrogen use efficiency and partial factor productivity of applied nitrogen were higher in treatment of 6:4 than in other treatments too. In general, the treatment with the ratio of basal-tillering-fertilizer to panicle-fertilizer of 6:4 is conducive to get suitable panicle number, large spike, increased filled-grain percentage and 1000-grain weight, coordinative yield components and optimized population quality, which is the best nitrogen application regime for mechanical pot-seedling transplanting rice with good taste quality to achieve mutual unity of high yield and high nitrogen use efficiency.

Key words: Nitrogen application, Mechanical transplanting with pot seedling, Good taste quality rice, Yield, Nitrogen absorption and utilization

胡群,夏敏,张洪程,曹利强,郭保卫,魏海燕,陈厚存,戴其根,霍中洋,许轲,林昌明,韩宝富. 氮肥运筹对钵苗机插优质食味水稻产量及氮素吸收利用的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2016, 42(11): 1666-1676.

HU Qun1, XIA Min1, ZHANG Hong-Cheng1,*, CAO Li-Qiang1, GUO Bao-Wei1, WEI Hai-Yan1, CHEN Hou-Cun2, DAI Qi-Gen1, HUO Zhong-Yang1, XU Ke1, LIN Chang-Ming2, and HAN Bao-Fu3. Effect of Nitrogen Application Regime on Yield,Nitrogen Absorptionand Utilization of Mechanical Pot-Seedling Transplanting Rice with GoodT aste Quality[J]. Acta Agron Sin, 2016, 42(11): 1666-1676.

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