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作物学报 ›› 2017, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (03): 420-431.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2017.00420

• 耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇    下一篇

氮肥运筹对钵苗机插优质食味水稻产量及品质的影响

胡群1,夏敏1,张洪程1,*,曹利强1,郭保卫1,魏海燕1,陈厚存2,韩宝富3   

  1. 1扬州大学农业部长江流域稻作技术创新中心 / 扬州大学江苏省作物遗传生理重点实验室，江苏扬州 225009；2海安县作物栽培技术指导站，江苏海安 226600；3南通锦湖生态农业开发有限公司，江苏海安 226600
  • 收稿日期:2016-06-06 修回日期:2016-11-01 出版日期:2017-03-12 网络出版日期:2016-12-02
  • 通讯作者: 张洪程, E-mail: hczhang@yzu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:

    本研究由江苏省农业科技自主创新基金项目(CX[12]1003-9)，江苏省三新工程项目(SXGC[2015]325)，国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0300503)，扬州大学科技创新培育基金项目(2015CXJ042)和江苏省重点研发计划项目(BE2016344)资助。

Effect of Nitrogen Application Regime on Yield and Quality of Mechanical Pot-seedling Transplanting Rice with Good Taste Quality

HU Qun1,XIA Min1,ZHANG Hong-Cheng1,*,CAO Li-Qiang1,GUO Bao-Wei1,WEI Hai-Yan1,CHEN Hou-Cun2,HAN Bao-Fu3   

  1. 1 Innovation Center of Rice Cultivation Technology in Yangtze Valley, Ministry of Agriculture / Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Yangzhou 225009, China; 2 Crop Cultivation Technology Guidence Station, Hai’an County, Hai’an 226600, China; 3 Nantong Kumho Ecological Agriculture Development Co., Ltd, Hai’an 226600?, China
  • Received:2016-06-06 Revised:2016-11-01 Published:2017-03-12 Published online:2016-12-02
  • Contact: 张洪程, E-mail: hczhang@yzu.edu.cn
  • Supported by:

    This work was financed by the Agricultural Science and Technology Independent Innovation Fund of Jiangsu Province (CX[12]1003-9), Three New Agriculture Project of Jiangsu Province (SXGC[2015]325), China Key Research and Development Programs (2016YFD0300503), Science and Technology Innovation Foundation Project of Yangzhou University (2015CXJ042), and Important Research and Development Programs of Jiangsu Province (BE2016344).

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摘要：

以江苏优质食味水稻代表性品种南粳9108和南粳5055为材料，采用新型栽培技术钵苗机插移栽，在大田常用量总施氮270 kg hm-2条件下，设置10∶0、9∶1、8∶2、7∶3、6∶4、5∶5、4∶6七种基蘖肥与穗肥比例的处理。比较研究不同处理对钵苗机插优质食味水稻产量及稻米品质的影响，以期为氮肥的合理施用提供理论依据和技术指导。结果表明，当基蘖肥与穗肥比例为6∶4时，产量最高，与其他处理差异显著。稻米的糙米率、精米率和整精米率均随着基蘖肥比例的降低而逐渐增加；直链淀粉和胶稠度含量随着基蘖肥比例的降低而逐渐减小，但蛋白质的含量变化趋势相反，后期施氮量大时蛋白质含量增大。两品种的垩白率和垩白度均随着基蘖肥比例的降低呈先增加后减小的趋势，以6∶4处理显著大于其他处理，而垩白大小逐渐增加。食味品质中除了完整性随着基蘖肥所占比例的降低而增加外，香气、光泽、味道、口感以及食味值均呈现递减趋势。各处理的稻米峰值黏度、热浆黏度、崩解值和最终黏度，除对照不施氮肥处理最大外，均随基蘖肥比例的降低而逐渐减小，而消减值的变化呈现相反的趋势。基蘖肥与穗肥比例为6∶4的氮肥运筹方式能显著提高钵苗机插优质食味水稻的产量；适当增加穗肥比例能有效改善稻米的加工品质和营养品质，增大稻米粒长和粒宽，但降低了稻米的外观品质和食味品质。

关键词: 氮肥运筹, 钵苗机插, 优质食味水稻, 产量, 稻米品质

Abstract:

Two rice cultivars with good taste quality in Jiangsu, Nanjing9108 and Nanjing5055, were adopted in mechanical transplantion with pot seedling which was a new cultivation technique. The total amount of nitrogen applied in each treatment was 270 kg ha-1 with different ratios of basal-tillering-fertilizer to panicle-fertilizer, including 10:0, 9:1, 8:2, 7:3, 6:4, 5:5, and 4:6. The effects of the nitrogen application strategies on yield and grain quality were studied and the suitable method of nitrogen application was also determined. It was found that the rice yield was highest in the treatment of 6:4. The brown rice rate, milled rice rate and head milled rice rate gradually increased with decreasing the application percentage of basal-tillering fertilizer. Amylose content and gel consistency of grain gradually reduced with decreasing the application percentage of basal-tillering fertilizer, however, there was an opposite change trend in protein content, the more late nitrogen applied, the larger protein content would be. Chalkiness percentage and chalkiness degree of two cultivars increased at first and then decreased with decreasing the application percentage of basal-tillering fertilizer, and the treatment of 6:4 was significantly higher than other treatments. However, the chalkiness area gradually increased0 with decreasing the application percentage of basal-tillering fertilizer. It also found that, with decreasing the application percentage of basal-tillering fertilizer, the aroma, gloss, taste, mouthfeel and comprehensive indices decreased while integrity increased. The peak viscosity, trough viscosity, final viscosity and breakdown value in different treatments all gradually decreased with decreasing the application percentage of basal-tillering fertilizer, but the setback value increased. In general, the treatment with the ratio of basal-tillering-fertilizer to panicle-fertilizer of 6:4 can significantly increase the yield of mechanical transplanting good taste quality rice with pot seedling. An appropriate increase in the proportion of panicle-fertilizer can improve processing quality and nutritional quality of rice, also increase the kernel length and kernel width of grain, but deteriorate the appearance quality and eating quality of rice.

Key words: Nitrogen application, Mechanical transplanting with pot seedling, Good taste quality rice, Yield, Rice quality

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