作物学报 ›› 2019, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (10): 1565-1575.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2019.93005
CHEN Xiao-Ying,LIU Peng(),CHENG Yi,DONG Shu-Ting,ZHANG Ji-Wang,ZHAO Bin,REN Bai-Zhao
摘要:
采用大田试验与土柱试验相结合的方式, 设置距离地表-5 cm (P5)、-10 cm (P10)、-15 cm (P15)和-20 cm (P20)施用磷肥处理, 以不施磷肥为对照(CK), 研究磷肥施用深度对夏玉米根系分布、干物质积累与产量形成及磷肥吸收和利用效率的影响。结果表明, 磷肥施用深度显著影响夏玉米根系干重及根长, 表现为P15>P10>P20>P5>CK。与常规磷肥施用深度(P5)处理相比, P15处理玉米籽粒产量两年平均提高23.1%, 根干重及总根长两年平均提高13.1%、22.9%; P15、P20处理均增加了-20 cm以下土层的根干重比例及根长比例, 土柱试验分别达到35.4%和36.4%、58.7%和59.3%, 大田试验根干重两年均达到19.0%, 根长比重分别达到39.8%和39.9%。根系分布的优化促进了植株磷素积累与转运, P10、P15、P20处理较P5处理磷积累量2年平均提高10.6%、25.2%和14.7%, 磷转运量平均提高46.9%、76.6%和57.6%, 籽粒产量相应增加12.9%、23.1%和10.6%。P15比P5处理的磷肥偏生产力、农学利用效率和表观利用效率两年平均值分别提高19.1 kg kg -1、19.1 kg kg -1和25.2%。磷肥深施能够增加深层土壤根系的分布比例, 提高植株对磷肥的吸收、利用效率, 显著提高夏玉米产量, 在本试验条件下以磷肥集中施用在-15 cm处效果最好。
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