不同生态条件下播期对机插杂交籼稻日产量的影响

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2020.02010

作物学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (10): 1579-1590.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2020.02010

不同生态条件下播期对机插杂交籼稻日产量的影响

张驰¹(), 何连华¹, 廖爽², 高云天¹, 朱世林¹, 李博¹, 周伟¹, 陈勇¹, 胡剑锋¹, 项祖芬², 任万军¹^,^*()

¹ 四川农业大学 / 农业农村部西南作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室, 四川温江 611130
² 绵阳市农业科学研究院, 四川绵阳 621023

收稿日期:2020-02-15 接受日期:2020-06-02 出版日期:2020-10-12 网络出版日期:2020-06-22
通讯作者: 任万军
作者简介:E-mail: zhangchi20176532@163.com
基金资助:
国家粮食丰产增效科技创新专项课题(2017YFD03017-02);国家粮食丰产增效科技创新专项课题(2018YFD030141-04);四川省育种攻关项目(2016NYZ0051)

Effect of sowing date on daily yield of mechanical indica hybrid rice under different ecological conditions

ZHANG Chi¹(), HE Lian-Hua¹, LIAO Shuang², GAO Yun-Tian¹, ZHU Shi-Lin¹, LI Bo¹, ZHOU Wei¹, CHEN Yong¹, HU Jian-Feng¹, XIANG Zu-Fen², REN Wan-Jun¹^,^*()

¹ College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University / Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology, and Cultivation in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wenjiang 611130, Sichuan, China
² Mianyang Agricultural Sciences Research Institute, Mianyang 621023, Sichuan, China

Received:2020-02-15 Accepted:2020-06-02 Published:2020-10-12 Published online:2020-06-22
Contact: Wan-Jun REN
Supported by:
National Special Project on Scientific and Technological Innovation of Increasing Grain Yield and Efficiency(2017YFD03017-02);National Special Project on Scientific and Technological Innovation of Increasing Grain Yield and Efficiency(2018YFD030141-04);Sichuan Breeding Breakthrough Project(2016NYZ0051)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探讨不同生态条件下播期对机插杂交籼稻日产量的影响, 并提出相应的丰产对策, 以3个杂交籼稻品种宜香优2115、F优498和川优6203为材料, 采取毯苗机插栽培方式, 在四川的南部、射洪、安州和大邑4个生态点, 通过分期播种, 研究不同生态条件下播期对机插杂交籼稻全生育期、产量和日产量的影响。结果表明, 不同生态条件下机插杂交籼稻的全生育期、产量和日产量存在差异; 随着播期从3月下旬推迟至5月上旬, 机插杂交籼稻播种至拔节期天数缩短, 抽穗至成熟期天数增加, 平均全生育期从159.5 d逐渐缩短至150.7 d, 平均产量从10,260.45 kg hm^-2逐渐下降至7795.83 kg hm^-2, 平均日产量从64.58 kg hm^-2 d^-1逐渐下降至51.95 kg hm^-2 d^-1。气象因子对机插杂交籼稻产量和日产量的影响在不同生态条件下存在差异, 产量与全生育期平均气温日较差、日照时数呈显著正相关, 与水稻全生育期日平均温度、平均日最低温度、日平均相对湿度和降雨量呈显著负相关; 日产量与全生育期平均气温日较差、日照时数呈显著正相关, 而与全生育期平均日最低温度、日平均相对湿度呈显著负相关, 在南部、射洪和大邑与全生育期日平均温度呈显著负相关。在四川盆地西平原区和中、东北丘陵区, 冬水(闲)田或蔬菜茬口水稻最佳播期在3月下旬, 选择F优498进行机插栽培可获得较高日产量; 麦(油)茬水稻应在前茬收获后尽早抢栽, 一般在4月下旬播种, 选择F优498进行机插栽培可获得较高日产量。

关键词: 水稻, 播期, 机插, 日产量, 生态条件

Abstract:

In order to explore the effect of sowing date on daily yield of mechanical indica hybrid rice under different ecological conditions and put forward the corresponding countermeasures, for high yield, a two-factor split plot design, with three indica hybrid rice (Yixiangyou 2115, F you 498, and Chuanyou 6203) and four sowing dates, was conducted to study the effects of different sowing date and ecological conditions on the whole growth period, grain yield and daily yield of machine-transplanted rice in Nanbu, Shehong, Anzhou, and Dayi of Sichuan province. The results showed that there were differences in the whole growth period, yield and daily yield of rice under different ecological conditions. As the sowing date was postponed from late March to early May, the days from sowing to jointing were shortened and the days from heading to maturity were increased, the average whole growth period was shortened from 159.5 days to 150.7 days, the average yield was decreased from 10,260.45 kg hm ^-2 to 7795.83 kg hm^-2, and the average daily yield was decreased from 64.58 kg hm^-2 d^-1 to 51.95 kg hm^-2 d^-1. The effects of meteorological factors on grain yield and daily yield of machine-transplanted indica hybrid rice were different under different ecological conditions. The yield was significantly positively correlated with the average daily temperature range and sunshine hours of the whole growth period, while yield was significantly negatively correlated with the average daily temperature, average daily minimum temperature, average daily relative humidity and rainfall of the whole growth period of rice. The daily yield was significantly positively correlated with the average daily temperature range and sunshine hours of the whole growth period, while significantly negatively correlated with the average daily minimum temperature and the average daily relative humidity of the whole growth period. For different experimental region, the daily yield was significantly negatively correlated with the average daily temperature in Nanbu, Shehong, and Dayi. In the west plain area and the middle and northeast hilly areas of Sichuan Basin, the preferred varieties should be F you 498, winter idle field or vegetable stubble rice should be sown in late march, while wheat (rapeseed) stubble rice should be sown as early as possible after the previous harvest, and generally sown in late April for higher yield and daily yield.

Key words: rice, sowing date, mechanical transplanting, daily yield, ecological conditions

张驰, 何连华, 廖爽, 高云天, 朱世林, 李博, 周伟, 陈勇, 胡剑锋, 项祖芬, 任万军. 不同生态条件下播期对机插杂交籼稻日产量的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2020, 46(10): 1579-1590.

ZHANG Chi, HE Lian-Hua, LIAO Shuang, GAO Yun-Tian, ZHU Shi-Lin, LI Bo, ZHOU Wei, CHEN Yong, HU Jian-Feng, XIANG Zu-Fen, REN Wan-Jun. Effect of sowing date on daily yield of mechanical indica hybrid rice under different ecological conditions[J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2020, 46(10): 1579-1590.

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试点Location	经度 Longitude (E)	纬度 Latitude (N)	海拔Altitude (m)	年份 Year	水稻生长季Rice growing season			地理分区 Geographical regions
试点Location	经度 Longitude (E)	纬度 Latitude (N)	海拔Altitude (m)	年份 Year	有效积温 Effective accumulated temperature (℃)	降雨量Rainfall (mm)	日照时数Sunshine hours (h)	地理分区 Geographical regions
南部 Nanbu	105°98′	31°26′	362	2018 2019	1708.2 1545.1	1129.6 1155.5	1071.0 801.3	四川盆地东北丘陵区 Hilly area of northeast Sichuan basin
射洪 Shehong	105°44′	30°83′	336	2018 2019	1685.1 1533.2	758.0 963.6	734.2 693.2	四川盆地中部丘陵区 Hilly area of mid Sichuan basin
安州 Anzhou	104°49′	31°58′	539	2018 2019	1563.7 1491.3	1364.5 857.3	801.4 608.6	四川盆地西北平原区 Plain of northwestern Sichuan basin
大邑 Dayi	103°57′	30°49′	504	2018 2019	1453.5 1375.5	1605.4 914.9	812.5 546.0	四川盆地西平原区 Plain of western Sichuan basin

试点 Location	pH	有机质 Organic matter (g kg^-1)	全氮 Total N content (g kg^-1)	全磷 Total P content (g kg^-1)	全钾 Total K content (g kg^-1)	碱解氮 Available N (mg kg^-1)	速效磷 Available P (mg kg^-1)	速效钾 Available K (mg kg^-1)
南部Nanbu	7.39	31.95	1.28	0.36	10.62	55.97	50.88	96.32
射洪Shehong	7.52	26.69	1.40	0.60	12.20	62.04	85.83	128.52
安州Anzhou	6.80	25.43	1.69	0.76	14.97	74.20	97.10	134.85
大邑Dayi	6.04	32.97	2.94	0.77	13.81	97.74	32.11	112.67

试点 Location	播种期 Date of sowing (month/day)
试点 Location	I	II	III	IV
南部Nanbu	3/20	3/30	4/19	4/29
射洪Shehong	3/22	4/1	4/21	5/1
安州Anzhou	3/23	4/2	4/22	5/2
大邑Dayi	3/25	4/4	4/24	5/4

变异来源 Variation source	产量Yield		日产量Daily yield
变异来源 Variation source	2018	2019	2018	2019
生态点Location	109.667^**	82.400^**	100.770^**	149.678^**
播期Sowing date	151.611^**	254.893^**	81.802^**	148.971^**
品种Variety	21.186^**	35.901^**	40.202^**	64.498^**
生态点×播期Location × sowing date	31.548^**	2.943^**	29.494^**	1.959
品种×播期Variety × sowing date	0.242	0.227	0.153	0.389
生态点×品种Location × variety	2.983^*	0.784	2.407^*	1.069
生态点×品种×播期Location × variety × sowing date	0.618	0.871	0.705	0.869

生态点 Location	全生育期WGP (d)		产量Yield (kg hm^-2)		日产量Daily yield (kg hm^-2 d^-1)
生态点 Location	2018	2019	2018	2019	2018	2019
南部Nanbu	152	157	8930.69±270.91 b	9283.25±217.75 b	58.90±1.60 b	59.16±1.23 b
射洪Shehong	152	155	9743.34±153.66 a	9635.57±196.22 a	64.49±0.83 a	62.25±1.11 a
安州Anzhou	153	164	9766.41±149.29 a	8066.23±246.88 c	63.91±0.83 a	48.95±1.30 c
大邑Dayi	153	153	8131.26±134.24 c	9448.57±162.34 ab	53.73±0.96 c	61.71±0.95 a

不同生态条件下播期对机插杂交籼稻日产量的影响

Effect of sowing date on daily yield of mechanical indica hybrid rice under different ecological conditions

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品种 Variety	播期 Sowing date	全生育期WGP (d)		产量Yield (kg hm^-2)		日产量Daily yield (kg hm^-2 d^-1)
品种 Variety	播期 Sowing date	2018	2019	2018	2019	2018	2019
宜香优2115	I	158	165	9843.51±57.48 a	10271.55±101.50 a	62.27±0.37 a	62.39±0.59 a
Yixiangyou 2115	II	157	162	9520.12±73.68 b	9379.30±16.82 b	60.83±0.46 a	57.96±0.12 b
	III	152	157	8511.90±113.58 c	8344.68±217.52 c	56.29±0.75 b	53.26±1.41 b
	IV	151	156	7851.66±147.63 d	7328.08±125.96 d	52.44±0.99 c	47.21±0.82 d
F优498	I	154	161	10,306.41±15.15 a	10915.34±181.61 a	67.24±0.10 a	67.99±1.10 a
F you 498	II	153	157	10,160.56±208.49 a	10,235.50±208.41 b	66.75±1.36 a	65.44±1.32 b
	III	148	151	9132.45±172.47 b	9208.15±53.57 c	62.02±1.18 b	61.08±0.34 c
	IV	147	149	8385.35±217.30 c	8062.46±49.75 d	58.09±1.49 c	54.17±0.32 d
川优6203	I	156	163	9873.14±263.77 a	10,352.73±19.52 a	63.70±1.70 a	63.85±0.14 a
Chuanyou 6203	II	154	159	9645.96±113.75 a	9464.11±287.25 b	62.62±0.74 a	59.68±1.72 b
	III	150	154	8765.43±177.96 b	8476.81±315.64 c	58.81±1.20 b	55.41±2.08 c
	IV	148	153	7885.33±99.05 c	7262.12±134.52 d	52.02±0.68 c	47.79±0.91 d

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