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作物学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (10): 1617-1627.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2020.03002

• 耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇    下一篇

四甲基戊二酸对夏玉米光合生产特征的调控效应

马正波(), 董学瑞, 唐会会, 闫鹏, 卢霖, 王庆燕, 房孟颖, 王琦, 董志强*()   

  1. 中国农业科学院作物科学研究所 / 农业农村部作物生态与栽培重点开发实验室, 北京 100081
  • 收稿日期:2020-01-16 接受日期:2020-06-05 出版日期:2020-10-12 网络出版日期:2020-06-22
  • 通讯作者: 董志强
  • 作者简介:E-mail: m2942989968@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD0200608)

Effect of tetramethyl glutaric acid on summer maize photosynthesis characteristics

MA Zheng-Bo(), DONG Xue-Rui, TANG Hui-Hui, YAN Peng, LU Lin, WANG Qing-Yan, FANG Meng-Ying, WANG Qi, DONG Zhi-Qiang*()   

  1. Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences / Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China
  • Received:2020-01-16 Accepted:2020-06-05 Published:2020-10-12 Published online:2020-06-22
  • Contact: Zhi-Qiang DONG
  • Supported by:
    National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFD0200608)

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摘要：

为研究四甲基戊二酸(TGA)对夏玉米光合特征和产量的调控效应, 2018、2019年在中国农业科学院新乡试验基地开展大田试验, 以中单909 (ZD909) 和京农科728 (JNK728)为试验材料, 设置5个TGA施用梯度(0、75、150、225和300 g hm-2)。结果表明,适宜剂量的TGA处理可提高玉米产量、延缓玉米生育期内功能叶的衰老速率, 增强灌浆期的净光合速率, 试验条件下TGA的最佳施用量为150 g hm-2。在TGA最佳施用量下, ZD909和JNK728的产量相比对照2年平均分别增加8.7%和11.7%。2个品种玉米生育期内叶绿素含量、可溶性蛋白含量和光合势相比对照平均分别增加14.3%和19.7%、18.7%和22.7%、10.9%和16.9%; 而叶片衰老速率相比对照平均降低了55.9%和56.5%; 灌浆期的净光合速率相比对照平均分别增加44.0%和58.4%。相关性分析表明, 玉米产量与生育期内叶片衰老速率呈显著负相关, 而与灌浆期净光合速率呈显著正相关。综上, TGA处理能够提高叶片叶绿素和可溶性蛋白含量, 延缓玉米叶片衰老速率, 并提高了灌浆期净光合速率, 进而实现玉米增产。

关键词: 四甲基戊二酸, 夏玉米, 光合特性, 叶片衰老速率, 产量

Abstract:

In this study, we explore the effect of tetramethyl glutaric acid (TGA) photosynthesis characteristics and yield in summer maize. Field experiments were conducted in Xinxiang experimental station of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences in 2018 and 2019. Two widely planted maize cultivars were planted, and five TGA application gradients (0, 75, 150, 225, and 300 g hm-2) were carried out. The results showed that the appropriate TGA treatment could increase maize yield, delay functional leaf senescence rate during the whole growth stage, and enhanced net rate during the grain-filling stage, respectively. The optimal TGA dosage was 150 g hm-2, the yield of Zhongdan 909 (ZD909) and Jingnongke (JNK728) respectively increased by 8.7% and 11.7% compared to the control treatment in two experimental years under the optimal TGA treatment. Furthermore, chlorophyll content, soluble protein content and leaf area duration of ZD909 and JNK728 increased by 14.3% and 19.7%, 18.7% and 22.7%, 10.9% and 16.9%, respectively, in contrast, leaf senescence rate decreased by 55.9% and 56.5%, respectively during the experimental years. In addition, net photosynthetic increase by 44.0% and 58.4%, respectively, during the grain-filling stage. Correlation analysis indicated maize yield was significantly negatively correlated with leaf senescence rate during the whole growth period, and significantly positively correlated with net photosynthetic rate during grain-filling stage. In conclusion, suitable TGA treatment could delay leaf senescence rate by increasing leaf chlorophyll and soluble protein content, and improve ear leaf net photosynthetic rate during the reproductive growth stage, and ultimately increased maize yield.

Key words: tetramethyl glutaric acid, summer maize, photo synthetic production characteristics, leaf senescence rate, yield

图1

2018-2019年玉米生长季内日降雨量、日平均温度"

表1

2018-2019年TGA对2个品种玉米产量构成因素的影响"

品种
Variety		 处理
Treatment		 穗长
Ear length
(cm)		 秃尖长
Blade length
(cm)		 穗数
Ear number
(m-2)		 穗粒数
Kernel number (ear-1)		 千粒重
Kernel weight
(g)		 产量
Yield
(kg hm-2)
2018
京农科728 CK 15.5±0.7 a 2.3±0.4 a 68889 b 340.9±37.5 a 335.1±7.4 b 9159±264 b
JNK728 TGA1 15.6±0.9 a 2.2±0.4 ab 68518 b 345.6±29.8 a 326.4±5.3 b 9173±326 b
TGA2 15.9±0.7 a 1.8±0.8 c 71481 a 352.5±40.9 a 332.7±0.8 b 9899±171 a
TGA3 16.0±1.1 a 2.4±0.6 a 68889 b 338.8±36.5 a 346.3±4.6 a 9609±354 ab
TGA4 15.8±0.8 a 2.0±0.6 bc 71111 ab 358.6±26.8 a 333.7±1.9 b 9698±168 ab
中单909 CK 17.2±0.9 ab 0.8±0.7 a 69629 a 443.6±38.6 b 278.2±8.1 a 9715±172 b
ZD909 TGA1 17.5±1.1 ab 0.5±0.5 a 69629 a 469.0±52.8 a 283.0±11.1 a 10,268±65 ab
TGA2 17.8±1.0 a 0.5±0.5 a 69259 a 468.5±24.9 a 287.7±3.7 a 10,508±541 a
TGA3 17.2±0.8 ab 0.8±0.8 a 68148 a 439.2±37.3 b 290.6±8.0 a 9969±345 ab
TGA4 17.1±0.8 b 0.8±0.5 a 68889 a 428.3±37.4 b 291.7±3.7 a 9691±133 b
2019
京农科728 CK 17.8±1.3 b 2.6±0.7 a 67340 a 446.4±51.2 b 318.2±11.7 b 11,145±1493 b
JNK728 TGA1 17.7±1.3 b 2.4±0.8 a 68080 a 448.8±51.3 b 340.9±7.0 a 11,921±336 ab
TGA2 18.7±0.8 a 1.7±0.7 b 68450 a 481.1±46.2 a 337.5±4.8 a 12,852±193 a
TGA3 18.3±1.1 ab 2.3±0.9 a 69190 a 465.8±50.0 ab 334.4±13.4 ab 12,274±318 ab
TGA4 17.9±0.9 b 2.4±0.8 a 69930 a 445.6±46.2 b 338.5±9.2 a 11,968±404 ab
中单909 CK 18.8±0.8 ab 2.0±0.5 a 68080 a 496.9±38.3 b 314.0±0.5 c 11,434±200 b
ZD909 TGA1 18.6±1.0 b 1.7±0.6 a 65860 a 503.5±38.2 a 330.1±1.3 a 12,330±345 a
TGA2 19.2±0.7 a 1.9±0.4 a 67340 a 526.2±31.4 a 324.4±3.0 ab 12,488±187 a
TGA3 18.6±1.0 b 1.8±0.7 a 67710 a 510.5±56.1 a 320.4±9.9 bc 12,134±446 a
TGA4 19.0±0.7 ab 1.9±0.5 a 67340 a 502.5±43.2 a 318.0±2.7 bc 12,284±538 a

图2

2019年TGA对2个品种玉米净同化速率的影响 CK: 对照; TGA1、TGA2、TGA3、TGA4分别代表TGA施用量为75、150、225和300 g hm-2, 图中竖线表示处理间LSD0.05值; V13、VT、R2、R4和R6分别表示玉米的大口期、开花吐丝期、乳熟期、蜡熟期和收获期。"

图3

2019年TGA对2个品种玉米群体光合势的影响 缩写和处理同图2。"

表2

2019年TGA对2个品种玉米穗位叶净光合速率的影响"

品种
Variety		 处理
Treatment		 花粒期
Silking stage		 增幅
Growing rate (%)		 蜡熟期
Dough stage		 增幅
Growing rate (%)
京农科728 CK 24.9±4.7 b — 12.9±2.7 b —
JNK728 TGA1 28.7±5.0 ab 15.3 16.7±2.0 ab 29.5
TGA2 33.0±0.3 a 32.5 23.0±1.3 a 78.3
TGA3 31.7±0.3 ab 27.3 18.7±0.3 ab 45.0
TGA4 28.8±4.4 ab 15.6 16.8±1.4 ab 30.2
中单909 CK 23.6±5.8 b — 18.6±4.3 b —
ZD909 TGA1 28.6±3.4 ab 21.2 20.1±8.1 b 8.1
TGA2 30.8±4.2 a 30.5 29.3±4.0 a 57.5
TGA3 28.2±0.8 ab 19.5 22.7±3.6 ab 22.0
TGA4 22.2±1.7 b -5.9 17.0±4.0 b -8.6

图4

2019年TGA处理对2个品种玉米叶片叶绿素含量的影响 V7: 拔节期。缩写和处理同图2。"

图5

2019年TGA处理对2个品种玉米叶片可溶性蛋白含量的影响 V7: 拔节期。缩写和处理同图2。"

图6

2019年TGA处理对2个品种玉米叶片衰老速率的影响 缩写和处理同图2。"

表3

2019年TGA处理对2个品种玉米籽粒灌浆特征参数的影响"

品种
Variety		 处理
Treatment		 灌浆速率最大时
籽粒干重
Wmax (mg)		 达到最大灌浆速率
需要的天数
Tmax (d)		 最大灌浆速率
Vmax (mg kernel-1 d-1)		 有效灌浆天数
D (d)
京农科728 CK 167.5 22.1 11.0 46.8
JNK728 TGA1 174.4 24.1 11.5 45.3
TGA2 176.1 24.0 12.1 43.6
TGA3 175.1 23.3 12.6 41.7
TGA4 174.2 22.8 12.8 40.7
中单909 CK 145.4 24.0 10.3 43.5
ZD909 TGA1 149.2 24.1 11.0 40.8
TGA2 154.8 25.1 10.6 43.7
TGA3 160.0 26.0 9.8 48.8
TGA4 157.3 26.3 9.4 50.0

表4

TGA处理下产量和其他参数的相关性分析"

指标
Item		 产量
Yield		 叶绿素含量
Chlorophyll content		 可溶性蛋白
Soluble protein		 净同化速率
Net assimilation rate		 光合势
Leaf area duration		 叶片衰老速率
Leaf senescence rate		 净光合
速率
Pn		 灌浆速率
Grain filling rate
产量
Yield		 1.00
叶绿素含量
Chlorophyll content		 0.58 1.00
可溶性蛋白
Soluble protein		 0.56 0.98** 1.00
净同化速率
NAR		 0.73* 0.58 0.63* 1.00
光合势
LAD		 0.62 0.93** 0.93** 0.56 1.00
叶片衰老速率
Leaf senescence rate		 0.91** -0.63* -0.55 -0.76* -0.59 1.00
净光合速率
Pn		 0.79** 0.64* 0.49 0.73* 0.64 -0.91** 1.00
灌浆速率
Grain filling rate		 0.15 -0.55 -0.58 -0.12 -0.51 -0.087 0.27 1.00
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