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作物学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (12): 1945-1957.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2020.03019

• 耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇    下一篇

品种搭配对湖北省玉米-晚稻复种产量及资源效率的影响

刘志辉1(), 潘高峰2, 陈文1, 秦明广1, 曹凑贵1, 常昌龙3, 展茗1,*()   

  1. 1华中农业大学植物科学技术学院 / 农业农村部长江中游作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室, 湖北武汉 430070
    2襄阳市农业科学院, 湖北襄阳 441057
    3荆门市土壤肥料工作站, 湖北荆门 448000
  • 收稿日期:2020-03-24 接受日期:2020-07-02 出版日期:2020-08-11 网络出版日期:2020-08-11
  • 通讯作者: 展茗
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0300308);国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201503122)

Effects of varieties collocation between crop seasons on the yield and resource use efficiency of maize-late rice cropping in Hubei province

Zhi-Hui LIU1(), Gao-Feng PAN2, Wen CHEN1, Ming-Guang QIN1, Cou-Gui CAO1, Chang-Long CHANG3, Ming ZHAN1,*()   

  1. 1Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs / College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
    2Xiangyang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xiangyang 441057, Hubei, China
    3Jingmen Soil and Fertilizer Station Jingmen 448000, Hubei, China
  • Received:2020-03-24 Accepted:2020-07-02 Published:2020-08-11 Published online:2020-08-11
  • Contact: Ming ZHAN
  • Supported by:
    National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFD0300308);Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest of China(201503122)

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摘要：

玉米-晚稻复种(M-R)能协同口粮与饲料用量生产, 近年来开始在长江中游地区发展, 其周年丰产高效技术还有待系统研究与完善, 而合理的前后季品种搭配是发挥玉-稻产量潜力的重要基础。因此, 本研究选取不同的玉米与晚稻品种, 于2015年与2017年在湖北省不同区域观测了不同品种搭配模式产量表现与资源利用效率。结果表明, 不同热量条件下品种搭配模式对M-R周年产量与资源生产效率影响显著。积温较多时以中熟玉米搭配晚籼稻品种周年产量与光、热、水资源效率具有明显优势; 反之则以早熟玉米品种搭配晚籼稻产量与资源生产效率较高。各品种搭配模式对周年有效积温(GDD≥10°C)的利用率可达95.6%~100.0%, 且前后季积温分配比值(TR)与M-R周年相对产量呈显著的非线性关系; 当GDD≥10°C利用率为97.0%~98.5%且TR为1.06~1.08时, M-R可获得较高的周年产量。因此, 可依据当地的热量资源条件及合理TR比值, 进行玉米、晚稻品种选择搭配。据此, 湖北省南部积温较高的区域宜选择生育期125 d以内的高产玉米品种与全生育期140 d以内的晚稻品种进行搭配; 而在积温相对偏少的中北部区域, 宜选择生育期120 d以内的高产玉米品种与全生育期130 d以内的晚稻品种进行搭配。

关键词: 玉-稻复种, 品种搭配, 产量, 气候资源季间分配, 资源生产效率

Abstract:

Maize-late rice cropping (M-R) is considered to coordinate the production of food and feed crop. In recent years, M-R has begun to develop in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River. However, technologies have not been systematically studied and improved for its higher yield and higher resources use efficiency. Especially, a reasonable collocation of varieties between maize and late rice seasons is an important basis to realize the yield potential of M-R, and still is under evaluation. In this study, different maize and late rice varieties were selected and collocated to different M-R modes. Their yield performance and use efficiency of resources were detected in different regions of Hubei province in 2015 and 2017. The results showed that under different heat conditions, the varieties collocation modes had significant effects on the annual yield of M-R and the production efficiency of resources. The modes of medium maturity maize-late indica rice cropping had obviously higher annual yield and resource production efficiency under higher accumulated temperature (GDD≥10°C); on the contrary, the annual yield and resource production efficiency of the modes of early maturity maize-late indica rice cropping were higher under lower GDD≥10°C. The utilization percentage of the annual effective GDD≥10°C of each varieties combination mode could reach 95.6%-100.0%, and the distribution ratio of GDD≥10°c between previous and subsequent season (TR) had a significant non-linear relationship with the relative annual yield of M-R. When the utilization percentage of GDD≥10°C was 97.0%-98.5% and TR was 1.06-1.08, M-R could obtain highest annual yield. Therefore, suitable varieties of maize and late rice could be selected according to the local heat resource and reasonable TR. In summary, high-yield maize varieties with a growth period of 125 days and late rice varieties with a growth period of 140 days should be selected for the southern regions with higher GDD≥10°C, while high-yield maize varieties with a growth period of 120 days and late rice varieties with a growth period of 130 days should be selected for the middle and northern regions with relatively lower GDD≥10°C in Hubei province.

Key words: maize-rice double cropping, varieties collocation, yield, seasonal distribution of climate resources, resource production efficiency

表1

各试验点土壤基本理化性质"

试验地
Experimental plots		 有机质
Organic matter
(g kg-1)		 全氮
Total nitrogen
(g kg-1)		 全磷
Total phosphorus
(g kg-1)		 全钾
Total potassium
(g kg-1)		 速效磷
Available phosphorus
(mg kg-1)		 可交换性钾
Exchangeable potassium
(mg kg-1)
漳河 Zhanghe 22.8 1.27 0.69 4.96 13.38 88.80
屈家岭 Qujialing 25.2 1.44 0.59 18.02 9.83 179.60
梅家墩 Meijiadun 20.59 0.65 1.51 7.67 24.86 71.75

表2

各试验点选用的玉米与晚稻品种及其搭配模式"

试验年份及地点
Experimental years and plots		 作物品种
Crop variety		 早熟玉米-籼稻
EM-IR		 早熟玉米-粳稻
EM-JR		 中熟玉米-籼稻
MM-IR		 中熟玉米-粳稻
MM-JR
2015漳河
Zhanghe in 2015		 春玉米品种
Varieties of spring maize		 郑单958
Zhengdan 958		 郑单958
Zhengdan 958		 汉单777
Handan 777		 汉单777
Handan 777
晚稻品种
Varieties of late rice		 天两优953
Tianliangyou 953
黄华占
Huanghuazhan		 鄂晚17
Ewan 17
天源粳036
Tianyuanjing 036		 天两优953
Tianliangyou 953
黄华占
Huanghuazhan		 鄂晚17
Ewan 17
天源粳036
Tianyuanjing 036
2017屈家岭
Qujialing in 2017		 春玉米品种
Varieties of spring maize		 兴垦6号
Xingken 6		 兴垦6号
Xingken 6		 登海618
Denghai 618		 登海618
Denghai 618
晚稻品种
Varieties of late rice		 天两优953
Tianliangyou 953		 鄂晚17
Ewan 17		 天两优953
Tianliangyou 953		 鄂晚17
Ewan 17
2017梅家墩
Meijiadun in 2017		 春玉米品种
Varieties of spring maize		 兴垦6号
Xingken 6		 兴垦6号
Xingken 6		 登海618
Denghai 618		 登海618
Denghai 618
晚稻品种
Varieties of late rice		 天两优953
Tianliangyou 953		 鄂晚17
Ewan 17		 天两优953
Tianliangyou 953		 鄂晚17
Ewan 17

表3

不同品种搭配模式下春玉米、晚稻的生育期与周年生长期"

试验地点
Experimental plots		 品种搭配模式
Modes of varieties collocation		 春玉米
Spring maize		 晚稻
Late rice		 周年生长日数
Annual growing period (d)
玉米品种
Maize varieties		 水稻品种
Rice varieties		 播种期-吐丝期-成熟期
Sowing-silking-maturity
(month/date)		 全生育期
Whole growth period (d)		 播种-移栽-齐穗期-成熟期
Sowing-transplanting-heading-maturity
(month/date)		 本田生长期
Growth days after transplanting (d)		 潜在生长天数
Potential growing days		 实际生长天数
Actual growing period
漳河
Zhanghe in 2015		 郑单958
Zhengdan 958		 鄂晚17 Ewan 17 3/27-6/8-7/25 120 6/15-7/28-9/15-11/7 103 225 223
天源粳036 Tianyuangeng 03 6/15-7/28-9/7-11/5 101 221
天两优953 Tianliangyou 953 6/15-7/28-9/7-10/28 92 212
黄华占Huanghuazhan 6/15-7/28-9/27- immaturity — —
汉单777
Handan 777		 鄂晚17 Ewan 17 3/27-6/12-7/30 126 6/15-7/31-9/17-11/7 99 225
天源粳036 Tianyuangeng 03 6/15-7/31-9/8-11/5 97 223
天两优953 Tianliangyou 953 6/15-7/31-9/8-10/28 88 214
黄华占Huanghuazhan 6/15-7/31-10/7- immaturity — —
屈家岭
Qujialing in 2017		 兴垦6号
Xingken 6		 鄂晚17 Ewan 17 3/25-6/3-7/15 113 6/18-7/22-9/12-11/9 110 227 223
天两优953 Tianliangyou 953 6/18-7/22-9/2-11/4 105 218
登海618
Denghai 618		 鄂晚17 Ewan 17 3/25-6/10-7/22 120 6/24-7/26-9/12-11/9 106 226
天两优953 Tianliangyou 953 6/24-7/26-9/2-11/4 101 221
梅家墩
Meijiadun in 2017		 兴垦6号
Xingken 6		 鄂晚17 Ewan 17 3/28-6/7-7/16 111 6/19-7/24-9/9-11/3 102 236 222
天两优953 Tianliangyou 953 6/19-7/24-8/30-10/25 92 203
登海618
Denghai 618		 鄂晚17 Ewan 17 3/28-6/11-7/20 116 6/25-7/28-9/9-11/6 100 216
天两优953 Tianliangyou 953 6/25-7/28-8/30-10/27 90 206

图1

试验期间旬平均气温(a)、降水(b)、光辐射(c)动态及其在两作物季间的分配 ZH: 漳河; QJL: 屈家岭; MJD: 梅家墩; AT: 日均温; GDD: ≥10°C有效积温; P: 旬累积降水量; AP: 作物季累积降雨量; R: 旬累积光辐射; AR: 作物季累积光辐射。"

表4

不同品种搭配模式下春玉米与晚稻的生物量、产量及其构成"

试验地点
Experimental plots		 种搭配模式Modes of varieties collocation 生物量Biomass (t hm-2) 产量构成Yield components 产量Grain Yield (t hm-2)
玉米品种
Maize varieties		 水稻品种
Rice varieties		 玉米
Maize		 晚稻
Late rice		 周年
Annual		 玉米Maize 晚稻Late rice 玉米
Maize		 晚稻
Late rice		 周年
Annual
EN
(×104 hm-2)		 GN
(No.)		 GW
(g)		 PN
(×104 hm-2)		 GN
(No.)		 GW
(g)
漳河
Zhanghe in 2015		 郑单958
Zhengdan 958		 鄂晚17 Ewan 17 18.94 a 13.72 a 31.66 ab 246.9 c 75.9 a 27.7 c 9.09 a 6.38 c 15.47 c
天源粳036 Tianyuangeng 03 12.95 b 31.89 a 7.55 a 385.4 b 300.6 a 355.4 a 61.3 b 28.6 c 6.58 c 15.67 c
天两优953 Tianliangyou 953 13.13 ab 32.07 a 333.5 a 76.2 a 32.5 a 9.18 a 18.27 a
黄华占Huanghuazhan 11.67 c 30.61 b — — — — 9.09 e
汉单777
Handan 777		 鄂晚17 Ewan 17 19.42 a 8.92 e 28.34 d 238.7 c 70.8 ab 27.8 c 8.74 a 5.51 d 14.25 d
天源粳036 Tianyuangeng 03 10.64 d 30.06 bc 7.28 a 491.7 a 241.4 b 287.7 b 61.3 b 30.3 b 5.89 d 14.63 d
天两优953 Tianliangyou 953 13.36 ab 32.78 a 295.2 b 71.2 a 30.7 b 7.77 b 16.51 b
黄华占Huanghuazhan 10.56 d 29.98 c — — — — 8.74 e
屈家岭 Qujialing
in 2017		 兴垦6号
Xingken 6		 鄂晚17 Ewan 17 15.57 b 10.23 c 25.80 c 7.15 a 432.3 b 372.9 a 332.0 b 55.2 b 22.3 b 10.69 b 5.89 b 16.58 c
天两优953 Tianliangyou 953 13.29 a 28.86 ab 446.1 a 89.2 a 22.5 ab 6.69 a 17.38 b
登海618
Denghai 618		 鄂晚17 Ewan 17 17.38 a 10.72 c 28.10 b 7.22 a 500.9 a 344.6 b 336.8 b 64.4 b 23.0 ab 12.28 a 6.03 ab 18.31 a
天两优953 Tianliangyou 953 12.56 b 29.54 a 473.5 a 79.7 a 24.3 a 6.51 a 18.79 a
梅家墩Meijiadun
in 2017		 兴垦6号
Xingken 6		 鄂晚17 Ewan 17 14.53 b 12.13 c 26.66 d 6.68 a 365.3 b 343.6 a 310.8 b 81.6 b 29.2 a 7.86 b 6.83 c 14.69 d
天两优953 Tianliangyou 953 17.66 a 32.19 bc 439.7 a 100.3 a 25.0 b 8.00 b 15.86 c
登海618
Denghai 618		 鄂晚17 Ewan 17 18.34 a 13.64 b 31.98 c 6.82 a 479.7 a 308.1 b 317.5 b 88.3 b 27.4 a 9.87 a 8.28 b 18.15 b
天两优953 Tianliangyou 953 17.53 a 35.87 a 397.1 a 113.8 a 25.3 b 9.10 a 18.97 a

图2

不同玉-稻品种搭配下有效积温(GDD≥10°C)及其季间分配比(TR) ZD: 郑单958; HD: 汉单777; XK: 兴垦6号; DH: 登海618; EW: 鄂晚17; TYG: 天源粳036; TLY: 天两优953; HHZ: 黄华占。"

图3

玉米-晚稻模式前后季积温比值(TR)及周年积温利用率(TUE)与周年相对产量的关系 M-JR: 玉米搭配粳稻品种; M-IR: 玉米搭配籼稻品种。*表示P ≤ 0.05。"

表5

玉-稻系统不同品种搭配模式下资源生产效率的差异"

试验地点
Experimental plots		 种搭配模式
Modes of varieties collocation		 积温生产效率
Production efficiency
of AT
(kg hm-2 ℃ -1)		 光能生产效率
Production efficiency
of radiation
(g hm -2 MJ-1)		 降水生产效率
Production efficiency
of precipitation
(kg hm-2 mm-1)		 氮肥偏生产力
Nitrogen partial factor productivity
(kg kg-1 N)
玉米
Maize		 晚稻
Late rice		 周年
Annual		 玉米
Maize		 晚稻
Late rice		 周年
Annual		 玉米
Maize		 晚稻
Late rice		 周年
Annual		 玉米
Maize		 晚稻
Late rice		 周年
Annual
2015漳河
Zhanghe
in 2015		 EM-JR 6.32 a 4.64 c 5.49 c 0.43 a 0.37 b 0.41 b 19.22 a 20.64 c 19.78 c 33.68 a 30.40 c 32.24 b
EM-IR 6.72 a 6.51 a 0.55 a 0.49 a 31.12 a 23.79 a 43.73 a 38.07 a
MM-JR 5.71 b 4.37 c 5.09 d 0.39 b 0.35 b 0.38 c 18.48 a 18.15 c 18.35 c 32.38 a 26.25 d 29.69 c
MM-IR 6.10 b 5.89 b 0.51 a 0.44 b 26.34 b 21.50 b 37.00 b 34.40 b
2017屈家岭
Qujialing
in 2017		 EM-JR 7.75 a 3.88 c 5.72 c 0.49 a 0.32 c 0.41 c 22.99 b 10.26 b 15.96 c 39.59 b 28.03 b 34.53 c
EM-IR 4.47 ab 6.05 b 0.38 b 0.44 b 11.66 a 16.73 b 31.87 a 36.22 bc
MM-JR 8.06 a 4.40 b 6.32 a 0.51 a 0.37 b 0.45 ab 26.35 a 10.54 b 17.64 a 45.49 a 28.71 b 38.15 ab
MM-IR 4.83 a 6.54 a 0.42 a 0.47 a 11.38 a 18.10 a 31.02 a 39.15 a
2017梅家墩
Meijiadun
in 2017		 EM-JR 5.47 b 4.37 c 4.90 d 0.42 b 0.40 c 0.41 d 15.26 b 17.56 c 16.25 b 29.12 b 32.54 c 30.61 c
EM-IR 5.32 b 5.39 c 0.52 b 0.47 c 20.57 b 17.54 b 38.11 b 33.05 b
MM-JR 6.48 a 5.60 b 6.05 b 0.50 a 0.52 b 0.51 b 19.17 a 21.29 ab 20.08 a 36.54 a 39.41 b 37.81 a
MM-IR 6.41 a 6.45 a 0.64 a 0.56 a 23.39 a 20.98 a 43.33 a 39.52 a
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