作物学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (1): 180-192.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2022.03071
所属专题: 玉米:耕作栽培·生理生化
张倩(
), 韩本高, 张博, 盛开, 李岚涛, 王宜伦*(
)
ZHANG Qian(
), HAN Ben-Gao, ZHANG Bo, SHENG Kai, LI Lan-Tao, WANG Yi-Lun*(
)
摘要:
添加纳米矿物类控失剂的控失尿素可通过吸附作用, 减少施入土壤后的氮素损失, 明确该控失尿素施用量、与常规尿素合理配比在夏玉米上的效应, 可为夏玉米一次性施肥、氮肥减施增效提供依据。在不同产量水平(高、中、低产田)土壤上, 通过田间试验研究常规尿素(纯氮210 kg hm-2)、控失尿素常量及减施(减量10%, 即纯氮189 kg hm-2; 减量20%, 即纯氮168 kg hm-2)、控失尿素与常规尿素配施(配比分别为7∶3、5∶5和3∶7)对夏玉米产量、地上部生物量、养分积累量、光合特性及氮肥利用效率的影响。结果表明, 氮肥施用可显著提高夏玉米产量, 常量控失尿素施用下夏玉米增产率达22.96%~27.55%, 在高、中产田上产量较常规尿素有显著提升。与常量控失尿素相比, 控失尿素减施10%和20%通过提升穗粒数使得高、中产田夏玉米产量不降低, 控失尿素减施20%处理下高产田氮肥利用率高达41.60%。控失尿素与常规尿素7∶3配施下的氮素积累量与常量控失尿素处理无显著差异, 高产田和中产田夏玉米产量、秸秆干物重均未显著降低, 同时可显著提高低产田夏玉米产量、秸秆干物重。综上, 控失尿素(纯氮210 kg hm-2)一次性施用可显著提高夏玉米产量和氮肥利用效率, 控失尿素减量20%处理下高、中产田夏玉米产量未显著减产, 氮肥利用率显著提升, 是高、中产田适宜的氮肥用量; 控失尿素常量施用或与常规尿素7∶3配合施用更适宜低产田夏玉米生长。
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