作物学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (2): 570-582.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2023.21008
• 研究简报 • 上一篇
孟雨1(), 田文仲2, 温鹏飞1, 丁志强2, 张学品2, 贺利1, 段剑钊1, 刘万代1, 郭天财1, 冯伟1,*()
MENG Yu1(), TIAN Wen-Zhong2, WEN Peng-Fei1, DING Zhi-Qiang2, ZHANG Xue-Pin2, HE Li1, DUAN Jian-Zhao1, LIU Wan-Dai1, GUO Tian-Cai1, FENG Wei1,*()
摘要:
筛选抗旱性鉴定指标并建立评价模型, 可以为抗旱小麦品种的选育以及布局提供依据。以黄淮海麦区主推的23个冬小麦品种为试验材料, 设置干旱胁迫和充分灌溉2种处理, 在拔节、孕穗、开花和灌浆期测定小麦12项形态生理指标, 计算各项指标的抗旱系数, 采用主成分分析、隶属函数法、灰色关联度法、聚类分析和逐步回归分析方法对小麦品种的抗旱性进行综合评价。结果表明, 干旱胁迫下孕穗期和灌浆期各性状变异幅度较大(7.4%~41.7%), 而拔节期和开花期的性状变幅相对较小(9.63%~31.63%)。通过对12个指标的相关分析发现, 在各时期下各指标之间均存在显著或极显著相关性。进一步利用主成分分析分别将拔节期、孕穗期和开花期的12个性状参数转换为6个相互独立的综合指标, 而将灌浆期转换为5个相互独立的综合指标, 4个时期的累积贡献率依次达到89.03%、88.69%、87.68%和85.83%。利用隶属函数法计算各时期的综合抗旱评价值(SD值), 并对各时期SD值与产量抗旱指数(DRI)间进行定量关系分析, 开花期拟合精度最高(0.744), 而灌浆期最低(0.679)。为更好地将不同时期的抗旱性信息综合起来, 通过灰色关联度分别选取各时期与SD值关联度最高的前4个指标组合成全生育期评价指标体系, 再次进行主成分和隶属函数分析得到全生育期抗旱综合评价值(MD值), 其可以解释87.8%的DRI变异, 较最佳单时期的R2提高了18.1%。根据MD值进行品种聚类分析, 可划分为4类: 中等、中等稍弱、弱以及极弱抗旱类型。通过逐步回归分析方程建立了全生育期综合评价数学模型(R2=0.995), 分别筛选出拔节期的株高和叶片含水量、孕穗期的脯氨酸、株高和叶绿素a、开花期的叶绿素a和可溶性糖以及灌浆期的脯氨酸和叶片含水量作为综合抗旱鉴定指标。本研究为小麦抗旱亲本的早期选择、品种鉴定以及适域推广应用提供理论指导和信息支撑。
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