作物学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (5): 1397-1409.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2023.23003
张俊杰1(), 陈金平2, 汤钰镂1, 张锐3, 曹红章1, 王丽娟1, 马梦金1, 王浩1, 王泳超1, 郭家萌1, KRISHNA SV Jagadish4, 杨青华1, 邵瑞鑫1,*()
ZHANG Jun-Jie1(), CHEN Jin-Ping2, TANG Yu-Lou1, ZHANG Rui3, CAO Hong-Zhang1, WANG Li-Juan1, MA Meng-Jin1, WANG Hao1, WANG Yong-Chao1, GUO Jia-Meng1, KRISHNA SV Jagadish4, YANG Qing-Hua1, SHAO Rui-Xin1,*()
摘要:
花期前后干旱是影响黄淮海地区夏玉米产量下降的重要因素之一。于2020—2021年开展池栽控制性试验, 以中科玉505为试验材料, 在开花前后28 d内设置4个水分梯度, 包括100%作物蒸散量ETC (CK)、70% ETC (干旱胁迫WD1)、40% ETC (WD2)和0 ETC (WD3), 研究花期前后干旱胁迫对夏玉米复水后的光合特性、干物质积累与分配以及产量的影响。结果表明: 干旱胁迫处理复水后夏玉米光合性能没有恢复, 表现为叶片SPAD值、净光合速率和群体叶面积指数、光合势、净同化速率低于对照, 植株干物质积累因此受阻, 导致籽粒库容能力下降。干旱胁迫处理使开花吐丝间隔期延长1~3 d, 籽粒败育率增加, 行粒数和百粒重降低, 尤其是WD3的败育率在2020—2021年分别显著增加220.71%和100.73%, WD1、WD2和WD3的产量在2020—2021年分别减产14.52%、36.69%、39.83%和19.62%、45.18%、54.42%。综上所述, 花期前后干旱胁迫在复水后, 玉米的光合性能仍受到抑制, 进而影响光合同化物的积累与分配, 最终导致库容量和产量显著下降。
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