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作物学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (4): 1079-1089.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2023.21022

• 耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇    下一篇

小麦豌豆间作对群体光合特性和生产力的影响

吴香奇1(), 刘博1, 张威1, 杨雪妮1, 郭子艳1, 刘铁宁1, 张旭东1,*(), 韩清芳1,2,*()   

  1. 1农业农村部西北黄土高原作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室/西北农林科技大学农学院, 陕西杨凌 712100
    2教育部干旱半干旱地区农业水土工程重点实验室/西北农林科技大学中国旱区节水农业研究院, 陕西杨凌 712100
  • 收稿日期:2022-03-20 接受日期:2022-09-05 出版日期:2023-04-12 网络出版日期:2022-10-18
  • 通讯作者: *张旭东, E-mail: xudongzhang@nwsuaf.edu.cn;韩清芳, E-mail: hanqf88@nwafu.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:E-mail: 931934164@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    “十二五”国家高技术研究发展计划项目“作物生境过程光能利用调控技术”(2013AA102902);“十四五”国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD1901102)

Effects of wheat-pea intercropping on population photosynthetic characteristics and crops productivity

WU Xiang-Qi1(), LIU Bo1, ZHANG Wei1, YANG Xue-Ni1, GUO Zi-Yan1, LIU Tie-Ning1, ZHANG Xu-Dong1,*(), HAN Qing-Fang1,2,*()   

  1. 1Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Tillage in Northwest Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
    2Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water and Soil Engineering in Arid and Semi-Arid Areas, Ministry of Education/China Research Institute of Water-Saving Agriculture in Arid Regions, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
  • Received:2022-03-20 Accepted:2022-09-05 Published:2023-04-12 Published online:2022-10-18
  • Contact: *E-mail: xudongzhang@nwsuaf.edu.cn;E-mail: hanqf88@nwafu.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    National High-Tech Research and Development Program of China during the 12th Five-Year Plan(2013AA102902);National Key Research and Development Project during the 14th Five-Year Plan(2021YFD1901102)

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摘要：

为探究小麦和豌豆间作对群体光合特性和生产力的影响, 本研究于2019—2021年在陕西关中地区开展田间试验, 设置4行小麦+2行豌豆(W4P2)、2行小麦+2行豌豆(W2P2)两种条带种植处理, 以单作小麦(CKW)和单作豌豆(CKP)为对照, 分析了小麦和豌豆叶片净光合速率(Pn)、群体光合速率(CAP)、干物质累积及群体生产力等指标。结果表明: 与单作相比, W2P2和W4P2间作处理显著提高了小麦叶片SPAD和Pn, 但豌豆叶片SPAD和Pn不同程度降低。小麦与豌豆间作显著提高了花前群体光合速率, W4P2的CAP较其对照群体光合CAPCK42(2/3CAPCKW+1/3CAPCKP)增加6.2%~8.0%, 而W2P2处理的CAP较其对照群体光合CAPCK22(1/2CAPCKW+1/2CAPCKP)增加6.2%~8.5%。与CKW相比, W4P2和W2P2间作处理单位面积小麦干物质积累能力显著增强, 成熟期有效穗数和穗粒数显著提高, 籽粒产量分别提高7.8%~9.4%和18.9%~19.0%; 而与CKP相比, 两间作处理的豌豆干物质积累和产量构成指标表现减弱趋势, 籽粒产量分别降低9.9%~12.2%和6.8%~9.0%。竞争力评价表明, W4P2和W2P2间作处理土地当量比均高于1 (W4P2: 1.02; W2P2: 1.06), 表明小麦和豌豆间作提高了作物群体产量优势, 且优势作物小麦相较于豌豆的侵占力在W2P2间作模式(0.27)高于W4P2 (0.20)。综上, 在小麦和豌豆间作系统中, 窄带型(W2P2)相较于宽带型(W4P2)通过提高优势作物小麦的光合能力能够提高群体光合速率, 促进群体对光资源的利用, 进一步挖掘了复合群体生产优势。

关键词: 间作, 群体光合, 单叶光合, 干物质, 产量

Abstract:

To investigate the effects of wheat and pea intercropping on population photosynthetic characteristics and productivity, a field experiment with two treatments [two strip cropping treatments of four rows of wheat + two rows of peas (W4P2), two rows of wheat + two rows of peas (W2P2), and single-crop wheat (CKW) and single-crop pea (CKP) as the controls] was conducted in Guanzhong region of Shaanxi Province from 2019 to 2021. The leaf photosynthetic rate (Pn), canopy apparent photosynthesis (CAP), dry matter accumulation and population productivity of wheat and pea were analyzed. The results showed that, compared with the monoculture, the W2P2 and W4P2 intercropping treatments significantly increased the SPAD and Pn of wheat leaves, but decreased the SPAD and Pn of pea leaves to different degrees. Intercropping wheat with peas significantly increased the preflowering population photosynthetic rate. The CAP of W4P2 increased by 6.2%-8.0% compared to its control population photosynthetic CAPCK42 (2/3CAPCKW+1/3CAPCKP), while the CAP of W2P2 increased 6.2%-8.5% compared to its control population photosynthetic CAPCK22 (1/2CAPCKW+1/2CAPCKP). Compared with CKW, the W4P2 and W2P2 intercropping treatments significantly enhanced the dry matter accumulation capacity per unit area of wheat, significantly increased the number of effective spikes and spikes at maturity stage, and increased the seed yield by 7.8%-9.4% and 18.9%-19.0%, respectively. Compared with CKP, the two intercropping treatments had a weakening trend in the dry matter accumulation and yield composition indexes of peas, and reduced the seed yield by 9.9%-12.2% and 6.8%-9.0%, respectively. The competitiveness evaluation revealed that the land equivalent ratios of W4P2 and W2P2 intercropping treatments were higher than 1 (W4P2: 1.02; W2P2: 1.06), indicating that wheat and pea intercropping increased the crop population yield advantage and the encroachment of the dominant crop wheat compared to pea was higher in the W2P2 intercropping model (0.27) than in W4P2 (0.20). In conclusion, in the wheat and pea intercropping system, compared to the broad-banded type (W4P2), the narrow-banded type (W2P2) was able to increase the population photosynthetic rate by increasing the photosynthetic capacity of the dominant crop wheat, thus promoting the use of light resources by the population and further exploiting the composite population production advantage.

Key words: intercropping, canopy apparent photosynthesis, individual leaf photosynthesis, dry matter, yield

图1

不同处理的小麦和豌豆叶片相对叶绿素含量(SPAD) 图中不同小写字母表示处理间在0.05概率水平差异显著。W4P2: 4行小麦间作2行豌豆; 2行小麦间作2行豌豆; CKW: 单作小麦; CKP: 单作豌豆。"

图2

不同处理的小麦叶片Pn和Gs 图中不同小写字母表示处理间在0.05概率水平差异显著。缩写同图1。"

图3

不同处理的豌豆叶片Pn和Gs 图中不同小写字母表示处理间在0.05概率水平差异显著。缩写同图1。"

图4

不同处理的群体光合速率 图中不同小写字母表示处理间在0.05概率水平差异显著。缩写同图1。"

图5

不同处理对小麦和豌豆干物质积累量的影响 图中不同小写字母表示处理间在0.05概率水平差异显著。缩写同图1。"

表1

不同处理对小麦和豌豆产量及其构成因素的影响"

年度
Year		 处理
Treatment		 小麦Wheat 豌豆Pea 籽粒总产量
Total grain yield
(kg hm-2)
穗数
No. of
productive ear (0.2 m2)		 穗粒数
No. of spike		 千粒重
1000-kernel weight (g)		 籽粒产量
Grain yield
(kg hm-2)		 单株荚数
Pods per plant		 荚粒数
Seeds per pod		 百粒重
100-grain weight (g)		 籽粒产量
Grain yield
(kg hm-2)
2019-
2020		 W4P2 108.7 b 34.0 a 38.0 a 4247 4.7 b 4.2 a 15.9 a 742 4989
W2P2 114.5 a 35.2 a 39.2 a 3461 5.3 b 3.8 a 16.7 a 1153 4614
CKW 107.0 b 33.8 a 39.1 a 5822 — — — — 5822
CKP — — — — 6.6 a 3.8 a 16.4 a 2534 2534
2020-
2021		 W4P2 110.8 b 37.0 b 38.6 a 4278 7.6 b 3.2 a 17.7 ab 774 5052
W2P2 117.2 a 40.3 a 39.8 a 3541 7.9 b 3.4 a 18.5 a 1201 4742
CKW 108.5 b 35.5 b 39.3 a 5954 — — — — 5954
CKP — — — — 11.3 a 4.4 a 16.8 b 2577 2577

表2

不同生育时期光合特性指标与干物质积累量的相关系数"

光合指标
Photosynthetic
index		 小麦干物质累积量Dry matter accumulation of wheat 豌豆干物质累积量Dry matter accumulation of peas
拔节期
Jointing stage		 扬花期
Flowering stage		 灌浆期
Filling stage		 分枝期
Branching stage		 开花期
Flowering stage		 结荚期
Podding stage
SPAD 0.641** 0.552* 0.560* 0.636** 0.684** 0.844**
Pn 0.308 0.583* 0.420 0.569* 0.797** 0.766**

表3

不同生育时期的群体光合速率与群体干物质积累量和群体产量的相关性分析"

变量
Variable		 群体光合速率Population photosynthetic rate
拔节期/分枝期
Jointing stage/Branching stage		 扬花期/开花期
Flowering stage/Flowering stage		 灌浆期/结荚期
Filling stage/Podding stage
群体干物质积累量
Population dry matter accumulation		 0.275 0.898** 0.475*
群体产量
Population yield		 0.210 0.877** 0.275

表4

不同间作处理的竞争力评价"

处理
Treatment		 土地当量比 LER 侵占力 Awp
2019-2020 2020-2021 2019-2020 2020-2021
W4P2 1.02 1.02 0.22 0.18
W2P2 1.05 1.06 0.28 0.26
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