土壤耕作方式对小麦干物质生产和水分利用效率的影响

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2011.01432

Abstract

Abstract: Simultaneous increase of grain yield and water use efficiency is an ideal aim and a hot focus in crop production and research, especially in Yellow-Huaihe-Haihe Rivers Plain of China where wheat (Triticum aestivum) production is frequently threatened by drought stress. The objective of this study was to disclose the effects of tillage practice on water consumption characteristics and dry matter accumulation and distribution in wheat plant under high-yielding and flexible irrigation conditions. In a continuous experiment across three growing seasons from 2007 to 2010, we planted wheat cultivar Jimai 22 with five tillage treatments including strip rotary tillage (SR), strip rotary tillage after subsoiling (SRS), rotary tillage (R), rotary tillage after subsoiling (RS), and plowing tillage (P). All tillage treatments were irrigated at sowing, jointing, and anthesis stages to a designed soil water content based on testing soil moisture before watering. The total water consumption amount was higher in SRS and RS treatments than in SR and R treatments. Comparing with other treatments, SRS treatment increased the soil water consumption amount in 0–200 cm soil layers, but decreased the soil evaporation. SRS and RS treatments gained the highest amount of dry matter accumulation, the grain dry matter partitioning at maturity, and contribution of dry matter assimilation amount after anthesis to grain, followed by P treatment, and R and SR treatments showed the lowest levels in the above parameters, particularly SR treatment. SRS treatments had the highest grain yield of 9 409.01, 9 613.86, and 9 698.42 kg ha^{-1 in 2007–2010 growing seasons respectively, with no significant difference from RS treatment. P and R treatments ranked the second and third places. Grain yield in SR treatment was the lowest among treatments. In the 2008–2009 and 2009–2010 growing seasons,}the water use efficiencies of SRS treatment were the highest among treatments, which were 21.39 kg ha^{-1 mm-1} and 22.09 kg ha^{-1 mm-1}, respectively. RS treatment also had higher water use efficiency than SR, R, and P treatments. Therefore, we recommend that SRS is the most appropriate tillage practice in high-yielding and water-saving production of wheat in the Yellow-Huaihe-Haihe Rivers Plain.

Key words: Wheat, Tillage practice, Dry matter accumulation and distribution, Grain yield, Water use efficiency

ZHENG Cheng-Yan, CUI Shi-Meng, WANG Dong, XU Zhen-Wen, ZHANG Yong-Li, SHI Yu. Effects of Soil Tillage Practice on Dry Matter Production and Water Use Efficiency in Wheat[J].Acta Agron Sin, 2011, 37(08): 1432-1440.

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Effects of Soil Tillage Practice on Dry Matter Production and Water Use Efficiency in Wheat

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