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Acta Agron Sin ›› 2014, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (01): 143-153.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2014.00143

• TILLAGE & CULTIVATION·PHYSIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Effects of Leaf Removal on Canopy Apparent Photosynthesis and Individual Leaf Photosynthetic Characteristics in Summer Maize under High Plant Density

LIU Tie-Ning,XU Cai-Long,GU Li-Min,DONG Shu-Ting*   

  1. State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Agronomy College of Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China
  • Received:2013-05-03 Revised:2013-07-25 Online:2014-01-12 Published:2013-09-29
  • Contact: State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Agronomy College of Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China E-mail:liutiening0319@163.com

Abstract:

The improved grain yield of modern maize hybrids is due to the increased plant population density. However, the high plant density makes the solar radiation intercepted by ear leaves decreased, and the growth rate of individual plant suppressed. Consequently, how to coordinate the relationship between canopy apparent photosynthesis (CAP) and individual leaf photosynthesis capacity under high plant density is an important problem we are facing. A field experiment was conducted using summer maize (Zea mays L.) Zhengdan 958 (a compact cultivar) and Jinhai 5 (a semi-compact cultivar) grown at a plant density of 105 000 plants ha–1, to research the impact of leaf removal on CAP, individual leaf photosynthetic characteristics and anti-oxidative metabolism, which will provide theoretical basis and technical supports for super-high-yield cultivation and breeding. At three days after anthesis (DAA), the defoliation treatments consisted of two (S1), four (S2) or six leaves (S3) removal from the top of a plant were imposed, and no leaf removal as control (S0). The results indicated that leaf removal could significantly improve light transmission ratio (LT) after anthesis, but decrease leaf area index (LAI) of S2 and S3, resulting in the decrease of effective quantum yield of PSII (ΦPSII) and maximal efficiency of photosystem II photochemistry (Fv/Fm) sharply because of light leakage losses. CAP was significantly affected by defoliation treatments: for S1, CAP increased and longer durations of CAP and LAI were maintained during grain filling, resulting in a higher grain yield, whereas CAP in S2 and S3 treatments was inhibited and drastically declined, indicating that CAP is closely related to changes in available leaf area. Compared with S0, the CAP in S1 treatment increased by 12.49% for Zhengdan 958, and by 23.08% for Jinhai 5, indicating that effect of excising two leaves on CAP was more apparent for Jinhai5 than for Zhengdan 958. Moreover, an increase in net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (gs) and the chlorophyll content (Chl) of ear leaf in S2 and S3 treatments was observed prior to 26 DAA, and S1 treatment had the advantage of individual photosynthetic capacity, thereafter. A analysis of leaf senescence revealed that activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) in S2 and S3 treatments were significantly suppressed since 13 DAA compared with control, whereas those in S1 were markedly enhanced, indicating that leaf senescence was delayed by excising two leaves under high plant densities. However, the content of MDA in S1 was decreased. Among all the defoliation treatments, maize plants under two-leaf removal condition had higher Pn, LAI and anti-oxidative enzyme activity as well as lower MDA content during grain filling, leading to a higher CAP. The results indicated that excising two leaves made plants of both maize cultivars more tolerant to high plant density of 105 000 plants ha-1 due to the lesser damage and a better photosynthetic capacity in an ear leaf as well as a more efficient canopy structure, resulting in a better coordination between population and individuals. In addition, relative to Zhengdan 958, the effects of leaf removal on Jinhai 5 were more apparent.

Key words: Summer maize, High plant density, Leaf removal, Canopy apparent photosynthesis, Individual leaf photosynthesis

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