灌浆期高温与干旱胁迫对小麦籽粒淀粉合成关键酶活性及淀粉积累的影响

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2018.00591

Abstract

Abstract:

High temperature and drought, the major abiotic stresses during grain filling of winter wheat, have great influence on photosynthate accumulation in grains. In this study, we evaluated the effects of high temperature, drought and the compound stress at grain-filling stage on the activities of key starch synthesis enzymes and the contents of starch and its components in grains of winter wheat cultivar ‘Zhengmai 366’. The pot-grown plants were moved from field to the climate chamber at 10 days after anthesis and exposed to the stresses until maturity. The climate chamber was desired with the normal growth condition (25°C/15°C, day/night) and high temperature (HT) stress (32°C/22°C, day/night) treatments. Under each temperature treatment, the soil moisture was adjusted to ~75% (normal) and ~50% (drought stress, DS), respectively. The normal temperature and soil moisture condition was taken as the control. Compared with the control, HT, DS, and HT+DS significantly increased activities of soluble starch synthase (SSS) and granule bound starch synthase (GBSS) at early period of stress and rapidly declined them subsequently. However, all stress treatments reduced the activities of starch branching enzymes (SBE), ADPG pyrophosphorylase (AGPase) and sucrose synthase (SS) during the whole grain-filling stage. The interaction between HT and DS was significant on all enzyme activities. Under HT, DS and HT+DS conditions, starch accumulation rate of grain, and the contents of amylose, amylopectin and total starch decreased and growth duration shortened, leading to reduced grain weight and yield at maturity. HT showed greater influence than DS, and the effect of compound stress was larger than that of each individual stress. Correlation analysis revealed that the activities of SSS and GBSS were positively correlated with the contents of amylose, amylopectin and total starch at most stages (P < 0.01), whereas, those of SBE, AGPase and SS at late grain-filling stage (22-26 days after anthesis) (P < 0.01). These results indicate that high temperature and drought stresses cause yield loss and degrade grain quality by affecting activities of key starch synthesis enzymes and starch accumulation in wheat grains.

Key words: winter wheat, compound stress, high temperature, drought, starch accumulation, starch synthesis enzymes

Yang-Yang HU, Hong-Fang LU, Wei-Xing LIU, Juan KANG, Geng MA, Sha-Sha LI, Ying-Ying CHU, Chen-Yang WANG. Effects of High Temperature and Water Deficiency during Grain Filling on Activities of Key Starch Synthesis Enzymes and Starch Accumulation in Wheat[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2018, 44(04): 591-600.

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酶 Enzyme	来源 Source	2015-2016				2016-2017
酶 Enzyme	来源 Source	14DAA	18DAA	22DAA	26DAA	14DAA	18DAA	22DAA	26DAA
GBSS	高温HT	22.8^**	12.7^**	1290.8^**	4956.8^**	12.6^**	19.8^**	728.5^**	3297.7^**
	干旱DS	1.5	142.6^**	139.3^**	5.0	0.3	46.6^**	78.8^**	40.5^**
	DS×HT	8.3^*	301.4^**	199.3^**	134.1^**	11.4^**	63.1^**	158.1^**	147.6^**
SSS	高温HT	319.1^**	213.3^**	216.0^**	344.1^**	113.7^**	50.0^**	277.7^**	902.8^**
	干旱DS	9.1^*	91.6^**	42.9^**	49.2^**	10.0^*	72.5^**	0.3	130.2^**
	DS×HT	0.0	168.7^**	50.4^**	10.8^*	2.2	148.7^**	42.7^**	11.6^**
SBE	高温HT	0.6	141.4^**	531.3^**	116.6^**	0.3	190.5^**	174.8^**	621.4^**
	干旱DS	46.5^**	114.3^**	560.8^**	84.4^**	17.9^**	127.6^**	186.2^**	368.0^**
	DS×HT	20.9^**	13.2^**	99.8^**	0.7	7.0^**	7.6^*	11.5^**	9.2^*
AGPase	高温HT	1.5	10.0^*	433.4^**	358.7^**	0.3	6.3^*	1682.4^**	1390.1^**
	干旱DS	6.0^*	98.0^**	216.2^**	223.9^**	2.2	107.6^**	194.6^**	726.5^**
	DS×HT	15.0^**	20.7^**	3.3	26.2^**	7.1^*	20.7^**	0.1	27.4^**
SS	高温HT	174.0^**	40.1^**	449.2^**	378.9^**	154.8^**	52.9^**	66.0^**	297.3^**
	干旱DS	13.3^**	3.8	25.2^**	51.0^**	23.6^**	9.6^*	34.4^**	146.4^**
	DS×HT	43.5^**	5.6^*	0.2	20.4^**	99.2^**	9.0^*	1.1	11.5^**

处理 Treatment	2015-2016				2016-2017
处理 Treatment	直链淀粉Amylose (%)	支链淀粉Amylopectin (%)	总淀粉 Total starch (%)	直/支比 Amylose/ amylopectin	直链淀粉Amylose (%)	支链淀粉Amylopectin (%)	总淀粉 Total starch (%)	直/支比 Amylose/ amylopectin
对照CK	15.9 a	50.8 a	66.7 a	0.31 c	15.6 a	50.0 a	65.6 a	0.31 c
干旱DS	15.3 b	47.1 b	62.4 b	0.32 b	15.0 b	46.9 b	61.9 b	0.32 bc
高温HT	14.2 c	43.8 c	58.1 c	0.33 b	14.0 c	43.2 c	57.3 c	0.32 ab
HT+DS	13.6 d	40.8 d	54.4 d	0.33 a	13.3 d	40.6 d	53.9 d	0.33 a

处理 Treatment	2015-2016				2016-2017
处理 Treatment	SN (pot^-1)	GNP	TGW (g)	GY (g pot^-1)	SN (pot^-1)	GNP	TGW (g)	GY (g pot^-1)
对照CK	35.7 a	45.5 a	48.1 a	72.6 a	43.0 a	46.0 a	42.9 a	67.7 a
干旱DS	37.0 a	43.3 a	41.5 b	59.3 b	42.3 a	46.6 a	36.7 b	55.4 b
高温HT	38.0 a	45.8 a	37.3 c	56.9 b	39.3 a	43.5 a	35.4 c	53.8 b
HT+DS	38.0 a	46.5 a	30.5 d	48.2 c	40.7 a	46.1 a	28.6 d	41.9 c

淀粉 Amylose	淀粉合成关键酶 Key starch synthesis enzymes	开花后天数 Days after anthesis (DAA)
淀粉 Amylose	淀粉合成关键酶 Key starch synthesis enzymes	花后14 d 14 DAA	花后18 d 18 DAA	花后22 d 22 DAA	花后26 d 26 DAA
2015-2016
支链淀粉含量 Amylopectin content	GBSS	0.792^**	0.420	0.767^**	0.830^**
	SSS	0.962^**	0.668^*	0.322	0.938^**
	SBE	0.031	-0.274	0.824^**	0.941^**
	AGP	-0.316	0.165	0.903^**	0.943^**
	SS	-0.792^**	-0.500	0.818^**	0.939^**
直链淀粉含量 Amylose content	GBSS	0.881^**	0.516	0.552	0.825^**
	SSS	0.853^**	0.852^**	0.157	0.884^**
	SBE	0.133	-0.477	0.457	0.867^**
	AGP	-0.314	0.174	0.547	0.883^**
	SS	-0.685^*	-0.320	0.310	0.905^**
总淀粉含量 Total starch content	GBSS	0.820^**	0.530	0.812^**	0.836^**
	SSS	0.953^**	0.881^**	0.291	0.934^**
	SBE	0.051	-0.417	0.818^**	0.933^**
	AGP	-0.320	0.189	0.916^**	0.943^**
	SS	-0.781^**	-0.546	0.744^**	0.940^**
2016-2017
支链淀粉含量 Amylopectin content	GBSS	0.711^**	0.031	0.830^**	0.909^**
	SSS	0.880^**	0.637^*	0.669^*	0.953^**
	SBE	0.184	-0.305	0.914^**	0.968^**
	AGP	-0.099	0.274	0.884^**	0.968^**
	SS	-0.673^*	-0.531	0.925^**	0.962^**
直链淀粉含量 Amylose content	GBSS	0.829^**	0.829^**	0.550	0.791^**
	SSS	0.756^**	0.756^**	0.355	0.759^**
	SBE	0.309	0.309	0.456	0.836^**
	AGP	-0.225	-0.225	0.380	0.809^**
	SS	-0.463	-0.463	0.526	0.834^**
总淀粉含量 Total starch content	GBSS	0.739^**	0.042	0.821^**	0.902^**
	SSS	0.864^**	0.716^**	0.643^*	0.926^**
	SBE	0.209	-0.376	0.870^**	0.959^**
	AGP	-0.123	0.244	0.828^**	0.951^**
	SS	-0.640^*	-0.553	0.895^**	0.953^**

Effects of High Temperature and Water Deficiency during Grain Filling on Activities of Key Starch Synthesis Enzymes and Starch Accumulation in Wheat

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