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Acta Agronomica Sinica ›› 2018, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (04): 591-600.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2018.00591

• TILLAGE & CULTIVATION · PHYSIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Effects of High Temperature and Water Deficiency during Grain Filling on Activities of Key Starch Synthesis Enzymes and Starch Accumulation in Wheat

Yang-Yang HU1,**(), Hong-Fang LU1,**, Wei-Xing LIU1, Juan KANG1, Geng MA1, Sha-Sha LI1, Ying-Ying CHU1, Chen-Yang WANG1,2,*()   

  1. 1 Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan, China
    2 National Wheat Engineering Research Center, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan, China
  • Received:2017-07-02 Accepted:2018-01-08 Online:2018-01-23 Published:2018-01-23
  • Contact: Yang-Yang HU,Hong-Fang LU,Chen-Yang WANG E-mail:18238802035@163.com;xmzxwang@163.com
  • Supported by:
    This study was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2017YFD0300204), the National Key Technologies R&D Program of China (2015BAD26B01), and the earmarked fund for Modern Wheat Industrial Technology System of Henan Province (S2010-01-G07).

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Abstract:

High temperature and drought, the major abiotic stresses during grain filling of winter wheat, have great influence on photosynthate accumulation in grains. In this study, we evaluated the effects of high temperature, drought and the compound stress at grain-filling stage on the activities of key starch synthesis enzymes and the contents of starch and its components in grains of winter wheat cultivar ‘Zhengmai 366’. The pot-grown plants were moved from field to the climate chamber at 10 days after anthesis and exposed to the stresses until maturity. The climate chamber was desired with the normal growth condition (25°C/15°C, day/night) and high temperature (HT) stress (32°C/22°C, day/night) treatments. Under each temperature treatment, the soil moisture was adjusted to ~75% (normal) and ~50% (drought stress, DS), respectively. The normal temperature and soil moisture condition was taken as the control. Compared with the control, HT, DS, and HT+DS significantly increased activities of soluble starch synthase (SSS) and granule bound starch synthase (GBSS) at early period of stress and rapidly declined them subsequently. However, all stress treatments reduced the activities of starch branching enzymes (SBE), ADPG pyrophosphorylase (AGPase) and sucrose synthase (SS) during the whole grain-filling stage. The interaction between HT and DS was significant on all enzyme activities. Under HT, DS and HT+DS conditions, starch accumulation rate of grain, and the contents of amylose, amylopectin and total starch decreased and growth duration shortened, leading to reduced grain weight and yield at maturity. HT showed greater influence than DS, and the effect of compound stress was larger than that of each individual stress. Correlation analysis revealed that the activities of SSS and GBSS were positively correlated with the contents of amylose, amylopectin and total starch at most stages (P < 0.01), whereas, those of SBE, AGPase and SS at late grain-filling stage (22-26 days after anthesis) (P < 0.01). These results indicate that high temperature and drought stresses cause yield loss and degrade grain quality by affecting activities of key starch synthesis enzymes and starch accumulation in wheat grains.

Key words: winter wheat, compound stress, high temperature, drought, starch accumulation, starch synthesis enzymes

Fig. 1

Dynamics of starch synthesis key enzyme activities during grain filling under different stress treatmentsDS: drought stress; HT: high temperature stress; HT+DS: compound stress of HT and DS."

Table 1

Variance analysis on interaction of HT and DS on activity of key starch synthesis enzymes (F-value)"

酶
Enzyme		 来源
Source		 2015-2016 2016-2017
14DAA 18DAA 22DAA 26DAA 14DAA 18DAA 22DAA 26DAA
GBSS 高温HT 22.8** 12.7** 1290.8** 4956.8** 12.6** 19.8** 728.5** 3297.7**
干旱DS 1.5 142.6** 139.3** 5.0 0.3 46.6** 78.8** 40.5**
DS×HT 8.3* 301.4** 199.3** 134.1** 11.4** 63.1** 158.1** 147.6**
SSS 高温HT 319.1** 213.3** 216.0** 344.1** 113.7** 50.0** 277.7** 902.8**
干旱DS 9.1* 91.6** 42.9** 49.2** 10.0* 72.5** 0.3 130.2**
DS×HT 0.0 168.7** 50.4** 10.8* 2.2 148.7** 42.7** 11.6**
SBE 高温HT 0.6 141.4** 531.3** 116.6** 0.3 190.5** 174.8** 621.4**
干旱DS 46.5** 114.3** 560.8** 84.4** 17.9** 127.6** 186.2** 368.0**
DS×HT 20.9** 13.2** 99.8** 0.7 7.0** 7.6* 11.5** 9.2*
AGPase 高温HT 1.5 10.0* 433.4** 358.7** 0.3 6.3* 1682.4** 1390.1**
干旱DS 6.0* 98.0** 216.2** 223.9** 2.2 107.6** 194.6** 726.5**
DS×HT 15.0** 20.7** 3.3 26.2** 7.1* 20.7** 0.1 27.4**
SS 高温HT 174.0** 40.1** 449.2** 378.9** 154.8** 52.9** 66.0** 297.3**
干旱DS 13.3** 3.8 25.2** 51.0** 23.6** 9.6* 34.4** 146.4**
DS×HT 43.5** 5.6* 0.2 20.4** 99.2** 9.0* 1.1 11.5**

Fig. 2

Changes of amylose (A) amylopection (B), and total starch (C) contents under different treatments DS: drought stress; HT: high temperature stress; HT+DS: compound stress of HT and DS."

Fig. 3

Changes of starch accumulating rate in wheat grains under different treatmentsDS: drought stress; HT: high temperature stress; HT+DS: compound stress of HT and DS."

Table 2

Starch content and its components in wheat grain under different treatments at maturity"

处理
Treatment		 2015-2016 2016-2017
直链淀粉Amylose
(%)		 支链淀粉Amylopectin (%) 总淀粉
Total starch
(%)		 直/支比
Amylose/ amylopectin		 直链淀粉Amylose
(%)		 支链淀粉Amylopectin (%) 总淀粉
Total starch
(%)		 直/支比
Amylose/
amylopectin
对照CK 15.9 a 50.8 a 66.7 a 0.31 c 15.6 a 50.0 a 65.6 a 0.31 c
干旱DS 15.3 b 47.1 b 62.4 b 0.32 b 15.0 b 46.9 b 61.9 b 0.32 bc
高温HT 14.2 c 43.8 c 58.1 c 0.33 b 14.0 c 43.2 c 57.3 c 0.32 ab
HT+DS 13.6 d 40.8 d 54.4 d 0.33 a 13.3 d 40.6 d 53.9 d 0.33 a

Table 3

Effects of different treatments on grain yield and its components of wheat"

处理
Treatment		 2015-2016 2016-2017
SN (pot-1) GNP TGW (g) GY (g pot-1) SN (pot-1) GNP TGW (g) GY (g pot-1)
对照CK 35.7 a 45.5 a 48.1 a 72.6 a 43.0 a 46.0 a 42.9 a 67.7 a
干旱DS 37.0 a 43.3 a 41.5 b 59.3 b 42.3 a 46.6 a 36.7 b 55.4 b
高温HT 38.0 a 45.8 a 37.3 c 56.9 b 39.3 a 43.5 a 35.4 c 53.8 b
HT+DS 38.0 a 46.5 a 30.5 d 48.2 c 40.7 a 46.1 a 28.6 d 41.9 c

Table 4

Correlation coefficients of activities of key starch synthesis enzymes with contents of starch and its components"

淀粉
Amylose		 淀粉合成关键酶
Key starch synthesis
enzymes		 开花后天数 Days after anthesis (DAA)
花后14 d
14 DAA		 花后18 d
18 DAA		 花后22 d
22 DAA		 花后26 d
26 DAA
2015-2016
支链淀粉含量
Amylopectin content		 GBSS 0.792** 0.420 0.767** 0.830**
SSS 0.962** 0.668* 0.322 0.938**
SBE 0.031 -0.274 0.824** 0.941**
AGP -0.316 0.165 0.903** 0.943**
SS -0.792** -0.500 0.818** 0.939**
直链淀粉含量
Amylose content		 GBSS 0.881** 0.516 0.552 0.825**
SSS 0.853** 0.852** 0.157 0.884**
SBE 0.133 -0.477 0.457 0.867**
AGP -0.314 0.174 0.547 0.883**
SS -0.685* -0.320 0.310 0.905**
总淀粉含量
Total starch content		 GBSS 0.820** 0.530 0.812** 0.836**
SSS 0.953** 0.881** 0.291 0.934**
SBE 0.051 -0.417 0.818** 0.933**
AGP -0.320 0.189 0.916** 0.943**
SS -0.781** -0.546 0.744** 0.940**
2016-2017
支链淀粉含量
Amylopectin content		 GBSS 0.711** 0.031 0.830** 0.909**
SSS 0.880** 0.637* 0.669* 0.953**
SBE 0.184 -0.305 0.914** 0.968**
AGP -0.099 0.274 0.884** 0.968**
SS -0.673* -0.531 0.925** 0.962**
直链淀粉含量
Amylose content		 GBSS 0.829** 0.829** 0.550 0.791**
SSS 0.756** 0.756** 0.355 0.759**
SBE 0.309 0.309 0.456 0.836**
AGP -0.225 -0.225 0.380 0.809**
SS -0.463 -0.463 0.526 0.834**
总淀粉含量
Total starch content		 GBSS 0.739** 0.042 0.821** 0.902**
SSS 0.864** 0.716** 0.643* 0.926**
SBE 0.209 -0.376 0.870** 0.959**
AGP -0.123 0.244 0.828** 0.951**
SS -0.640* -0.553 0.895** 0.953**
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