半干旱区沟垄集雨种植谷子的肥料效应及其增产贡献

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2018.01055

Abstract

Abstract:

A field experiment was conducted under ridge-furrow rainfall harvesting planting model in 2013 (flood years) and 2014 (drought years) to explore the combined effect of planting model and fertilizer level on yield and fertilizer utilization efficiency of foxtail millet. A two-factor randomized block designed pot with two planting models (rainfall harvesting planting model, R; traditional flat planting model, T) and four fertilizer levels (N 270 kg ha ^-1+P₂O₅180 kg ha ^-1, H; N 180 kg ha ^-1+P₂O₅120 kg ha ^-1, M; N 90 kg ha ^-1+P₂O₅60 kg ha ^-1, L; with no fertilizer as control) was used in the experiment. Plant height, leaf area, photosynthetic rate, water and fertilizer use efficiency, and source of yield increase of foxtail millet were analysed. Compared with T, R effectively promoted the photosynthetic physiology and growth of side row of foxtail millet, increasing plant height by 7.1%-23.5%, the top three leaves area by 1.7%-22.7%, P_n (photosynthetic rate) by 10.4%-20.3%, T_r (transpiration rate) by 8.0%-55.9%, and dry matter by 9.8%-30.0% in different fertilization treatments. There was no significantly difference between the middle rows of R and T on the five indexes. R significantly improved water and fertilizer use efficiency. Application of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer significantly improved WUE, in flood years H was significantly higher than M and L, in drought years M was significantly higher than H and no significantly difference with L, Fertilizer use efficiency decreased with the increase of fertilization amount, which was significantly higher in L than in M and H in flood years, with significant difference between the treatments of fertilization in drought years. Effect of fertilizer was bigger than that of planting factor in contribution rate to foxtail millet yield. Contribution rate of fertilization increased by 27.8%-49.3% with increasing fertilizer amount in flood years, with significant, difference among treatments while these was no significant difference in all treatments in the drought years (19.2%-23.7%), Contribution rate of planting model was not significantly different between treatments in two years. Therefore, RH in flood years and RM in drought years could be regarded as a better farming management with high yield and high efficiency in semi-arid area of southern Ningxia.

Key words: ridge-furrow rainfall harvesting planting, fertilizer, foxtail millet, yield, combined action

Xue-Jiao CHEN,Xu-Dong ZHANG,Zhi-Zhong HAN,Peng ZHANG,Zhi-Kuan JIA,Yan-Hao LIAN,Qing-Fang HAN. Fertilizer Response and Its Contribution to Yield of Foxtail Millet under Ridge-furrow Rainfall Harvesting Planting Model in Semi-arid Areas[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2018, 44(7): 1055-1066.

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References 38

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年份 Year	土层 Soil layer (cm)	有机质 Organic matter (g kg^-1)	全氮 Total N (g kg^-1)	碱解氮 Hydro-N (mg kg^-1)	速效磷 Available P (mg kg^-1)	速效钾 Available K (mg kg^-1)
2013	0-20	12.30	0.85	20.65	8.76	59.18
	20-40	13.90	0.85	20.37	3.77	86.16
	40-60	12.83	0.81	21.21	3.25	73.73
2014	0-20	14.86	0.98	63.16	23.68	136.47
	20-40	13.41	0.92	48.25	5.09	103.71
	40-60	14.21	0.93	47.42	4.41	90.11

处理 Treatment	种植模式 Planting model	施肥水平 Fertilizer level
集雨种植模式下高量施肥RH	集雨种植模式R	N 270 kg hm^-2, P₂O₅ 180 kg hm^-2(H)
集雨种植模式下中量施肥RM	集雨种植模式R	N 180 kg hm^-2, P₂O₅ 120 kg hm^-2(M)
集雨种植模式下低量施肥RL	集雨种植模式R	N 90 kg hm^-2, P₂O₅ 60 kg hm^-2(L)
集雨种植模式下不施肥RCK	集雨种植模式R	N 0 kg hm^-2, P₂O₅0 kg hm^-2(CK)
平作模式下高量施肥TH	平作种植模式T	N 270 kg hm^-2, P₂O₅ 180 kg hm^-2(H)
平作模式下中量施肥TM	平作种植模式T	N 180 kg hm^-2, P₂O₅ 120 kg hm^-2(M)
平作模式下低量施肥TL	平作种植模式T	N 90 kg hm^-2, P₂O₅ 60 kg hm^-2(L)
平作模式下不施肥TCK	平作种植模式T	N 0 kg hm^-2, P₂O₅0 kg hm^-2(CK)

测定项目 Item		种植模式 Planting model (P)	施肥水平 Fertilizer (F)	年份 Year (Y)	P×F	P×Y	F×Y	P×F×Y
净光合速率 P_n(mol m^-2 s^-1)	边行 Side row	<0.01	<0.01	<0.01	<0.05	<0.01	0.54	0.54
净光合速率 P_n(mol m^-2 s^-1)	中行 Middle row	<0.01	<0.01	0.91	0.43	0.92	0.35	0.35
蒸腾速率 T_r(mol m^-2 s^-1)	边行 Side row	<0.01	<0.01	0.35	0.41	0.73	0.78	0.92
蒸腾速率 T_r(mol m^-2 s^-1)	中行 Middle row	<0.01	<0.01	0.52	0.25	0.96	0.28	0.57
气孔导度 G_s(mol m^-2 s^-1)	边行 Side row	<0.01	<0.01	<0.01	0.90	<0.01	<0.01	0.99
气孔导度 G_s(mol m^-2 s^-1)	中行 Middle row	<0.05	<0.01	<0.01	0.25	<0.01	<0.01	0.07

年份 Year	处理 Treatment	净光合速率 P_n(mol m^-2 s^-1)		蒸腾速率 T_r(mol m^-2 s^-1)		气孔导度 G_s(mol m^-2 s^-1)
年份 Year	处理 Treatment	边行 Side row	中行 Middle row	边行 Side row	中行 Middle row	边行 Side row	中行 Middle row
2013	RH	20.33 a	19.39 a	5.82 a	5.25 a	0.27 a	0.21 a
	RM	17.41 b	17.62 ab	5.53 ab	5.46 a	0.26 ab	0.21 a
	RL	14.81 bcd	17.21 ab	5.08 b	5.57 a	0.21 bc	0.22 a
	RCK	14.67 cd	11.15 d	4.28 c	3.32 bc	0.18 c	0.11 bc
	TH	16.78 bc	16.78 b	5.20 ab	5.20 a	0.19 c	0.19 a
	TM	15.21 bcd	15.21 bc	4.96 b	4.96 a	0.16 cd	0.16 ab
	TL	13.76 d	13.76 c	4.10 c	4.10 b	0.12 de	0.12 bc
	TCK	8.44 e	8.44 e	2.50 d	2.50 c	0.09 e	0.09 c
2014	RH	22.03 a	18.47 ab	6.05 a	5.23 ab	0.14 a	0.12 ab
	RM	20.76 ab	17.68 abc	5.70 a	5.40 ab	0.14 a	0.11 abc
	RL	20.52 ab	15.82 bcd	5.55 a	4.93 ab	0.13 a	0.09 bc
	RCK	17.94 bc	13.75 d	4.70 ab	4.75 ab	0.11 ab	0.09 c
	TH	19.96 ab	19.96 a	5.60 a	5.60 a	0.12 ab	0.12 a
	TM	18.57 abc	18.57 ab	4.38 ab	4.38 ab	0.11 ab	0.11 abc
	TL	17.82 bc	17.82 abc	4.36 ab	4.36 ab	0.11 ab	0.11 abc
	TCK	14.91 c	14.91 cd	3.02 b	3.02 b	0.09 b	0.09 bc

测定项目 Item	种植模式 Planting model (P)	施肥水平 Fertilizer (F)	年份 Year (Y)	P×F	P×Y	F×Y	P×F×Y
籽粒产量Yield (kg hm^-2)	<0.05	<0.01	<0.01	0.52	<0.01	<0.01	<0.05
水分利用效率WUE (kg hm^-2 mm^-1)	<0.01	<0.01	<0.01	<0.01	<0.01	<0.05	<0.01
氮(磷)肥农学效率N (P₂O₅) AE (kg kg^-1)	<0.05	<0.01	<0.01	0.06	0.52	0.10	<0.01
氮(磷)肥偏生产力N (P₂O₂) PPE (kg kg^-1)	<0.05	<0.01	<0.01	0.47	<0.01	<0.01	<0.01

Fertilizer Response and Its Contribution to Yield of Foxtail Millet under Ridge-furrow Rainfall Harvesting Planting Model in Semi-arid Areas

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年份 Year	处理 Treatment	籽粒产量Yield (kg hm^-2)	生物产量Biomass (kg hm^-2)	收获指数Harvest index (%)	耗水量 ET (mm)	水分利用效率WUE (kg hm^-2 mm^-1)	氮(磷)肥农学效率N(P₂O₅) AE (kg kg^-1)	氮(磷)肥偏生产力N(P₂O₂) PPE (kg kg^-1)
2013	RH	7075 a	13722 a	51.7 a	505.6 c	14.0 a	12.9 bc (19.4 b)	26.2 d (39.3 d)
	RM	6171 c	12019 b	51.6 a	486.4 de	12.7 b	14.4 b (21.6 b)	34.3 c (51.4 c)
	RL	4966 e	10019 d	49.6 ab	477.0 e	10.4 c	15.4 ab (23.0 a)	55.2 b (82.8 b)
	RCK	3584 f	7989 f	45.2 c	460.4 f	7.8 d	—	—
	TH	6715 b	13893 a	48.3 b	534.4 a	12.6 b	10.7 c (16.0 c)	24.9 d (37.3 d)
	TM	6269 c	12455 b	50.4 ab	522.3 b	12.0 b	13.5 b (20.3 b)	34.8 c (52.2 c)
	TL	5353 d	10937 c	49.0 b	515.1 bc	10.4 c	16.9 a (25.3 a)	59.5 a (89.2 a)
	TCK	3836 f	9134 e	42.0 d	491.9 d	7.8 d	—	—
2014	RH	7394 a	14502 a	50.9 bc	318.1 a	23.3 bc	6.5 c (9.7 c)	27.4 d (41.1 d)
	RM	7325 ab	14093 a	51.9 ab	299.1 bc	24.5 a	9.3 b (14.0 b)	40.7 c ( 61.0 c)
	RL	6984 c	13030 b	53.5 a	293.2 c	23.8 ab	14.9 a (22.3 a)	77.6 a (116.4 a)
	RCK	5643 e	11262 c	49.6 c	266.0 d	21.2 e	—	—
	TH	7116 bc	14027 a	50.7 bc	320.7 a	22.2 d	7.0 c (10.5 c)	26.4 d (39.5 d)
	TM	7038 c	14164 a	49.6 c	307.4 b	22.9 cd	10.0 b (15.1 b)	39.1 c (58.7 c)
	TL	6236 d	12658 b	49.2 cd	291.4 c	21.4 e	11.2 b (16.8 b)	69.3 b (103.9 b)
	TCK	5231 f	11035 c	47.2 d	275.2 d	19.0 f	—	—

处理 Treatment	基础地力 Basic fertility		种植模式 Planting		施肥 Fertilizer		种植模式与施肥综合作用 IPCF
处理 Treatment	产量 Yield (kg hm^-2)	贡献率Contribution rate (%)	增产量 Increase of yield (kg hm^-2)	贡献率Contribution rate (%)	增产量 Increase of yield (kg hm^-2)	贡献率Contribution rate (%)	增产量 Increase of yield (kg hm^-2)	贡献率Contribution rate (%)
2013
RH	3836	54.3 c	-251.8	-3.5 a	3491 a	49.3 a	3239 a	45.8 a
RM		62.2 b		-4.1 a	2587 b	41.9 b	2335 b	37.8 b
RL		77.3 a		-5.1 a	1382 c	27.8 c	1130 c	22.8 c
RCK		—		—	—	—	—	—
2014
RH	5231	70.8 a	412.4	5.6 a	1751 a	23.7 a	2163 a	29.3 a
RM		71.4 a		5.7 a	1682 a	23.0 a	2094 a	28.6 a
RL		74.9 a		5.9 a	1341 a	19.2 a	1753 a	25.1 a
RCK		—		—	—	—	—	—

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