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Acta Agronomica Sinica ›› 2022, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (8): 1905-1913.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2022.11069

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• CROP GENETICS & BREEDING · GERMPLASM RESOURCES · MOLECULAR GENETICS • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Gene mapping of apical spikelet degeneration mutant asd1 in wheat

DU Qi-Di1,2(), GUO Hui-Jun2, XIONG Hong-Chun2, XIE Yong-Dun2, ZHAO Lin-Shu2, GU Jia-Yu2, ZHAO Shi-Rong2, DING Yu-Ping2, SONG Xi-Yun1, LIU Lu-Xiang2,*()   

  1. 1College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, Shandong, China
    2Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences / National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement / National Center of Space Mutagenesis for Crop Improvement, Beijing 100081, China
  • Received:2021-08-06 Accepted:2021-11-29 Online:2022-08-12 Published:2021-12-13
  • Contact: LIU Lu-Xiang E-mail:duqididd@163.com;liuluxiang@caas.cn
  • Supported by:
    China Agriculture Research System(CARS-03);Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program(CAAS-ZDRW202002)

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Abstract:

The number of grains per spike is one of the three key factors for yield and production in wheat. It is helpful to cultivate high-yield wheat varieties to elaborate the regulation pathway of spike development. A stable mutant of apical spikelet degeneration (asd1) was derived by EMS treatment, the wheat variety Jing 411 was used as wild type. The mutant asd1 showed that the apical spikelets were significantly degenerated, the spike length was shortened by 40%, the number of spikelets per spike was reduced by 35%, the number of grains per spike was significantly reduced by 54%, and the plant height was also significantly reduced. A genetic segregation population, Jing 411 × asd1, was developed, and phenotypic performances of both F2 and F3 were investigated in field. It showed that the degeneration of apical spikelet was controlled by a recessive gene. Using Bulked Segregant Analysis (BSA) and exon capture, SNPs were obtained and 7 KASP markers were further developed. The target mutation gene was mapped on chromosome 7A and narrowed down to a 9.91 Mb region on 7AS, which represented a genetic distance of 17.62 cM. The region had not yet been reported in regulating spikelet development and the target mutant gene might be a novel gene that controls the development of spike morphology in wheat, which will bring new insights for further understanding of the genetic basis of spikelet development in wheat.

Key words: wheat, apical spikelet degeneration, genetic analysis, gene mapping

Fig. 1

Spikelet degeneration phenotype and spike length and plant of mutant asd1 (A)-(D) floret primordium differentiation until tetrad stage; bar: 1 mm. (E) booting stage; bar: 1 cm. (F) filling stage; bar: 2 cm. (G) plant height; bar: 15 cm. (H) spike length. (I) plant height. Wild type is on the left and mutant is on the right."

Fig. 2

Floral organ was degenerated in wheat mutant asd1 (A) apical spikelets of mutant and wild type from top to the eighth; (B) pollen viability through iodine-potassium iodide staining; (C) the number of spikelets; (D) grain number per spike."

Table S1

Phenotype of apical spikelet degeneration in segregation population of J411×asd1"

单株
Plant		 F2表型
Phenotype of F2		 F2小穗数
Number of spikelet of F2		 F3小穗数
Number of spikelet of F3		 F3小穗数平均值±标准差
Average ± Standard Deviation		 F3表型
Phenotype of F3
重复一
Repeat one		 重复二
Repeat two		 重复一
Repeat one		 重复二
Repeat two		 重复三
Repeat three		 重复四
Repeat four
京411 W 20 22 19 17 19 18 18.3±0.96 W
京411 W 18 19 17 17 17 18 17.3±0.50 W
asd1 M 9 12 13 10 11 9 10.8±1.71 M
asd1 M 11 11 12 10 8 9 9.8±1.71 M
1 M 12 13 11 13 10 11 11.3±1.26 M
2 M 13 12 10 12 10 9 10.3±1.26 M
3 M 12 13 9 11 13 10 10.8±1.71 M
4 M 13 11 12 13 11 11 11.8±0.96 M
5 M 11 12 10 11 9 9 9.8±0.96 M
6 M 13 12 9 10 10 11 10.0±0.82 M
7 M 13 10 8 10 12 12 10.5±1.91 M
8 M 13 12 12 10 12 12 11.5±1.00 M
9 M 13 11 11 13 10 11 11.3±1.26 M
10 M 14 9 8 8 10 10 9.0±1.15 M
11 M 14 9 10 10 8 9 9.3±0.96 M
12 M 12 12 10 10 12 11 10.8±0.96 M
13 M 14 14 10 11 11 12 11.0±0.82 M
14 M 14 13 10 10 11 12 10.8±0.96 M
15 M 11 13 10 11 11 13 11.3±1.26 M
16 M 12 10 10 11 10 11 10.5±0.58 M
17 M 14 14 9 10 11 10 10.0±0.82 M
18 M 12 10 9 11 8 9 9.3±1.26 M
19 M 13 13 12 11 8 10 10.3±1.71 M
20 M 11 11 8 10 10 10 9.5±1.00 M
21 M 13 14 10 12 12 12 11.5±1.00 M
22 M 10 12 10 10 10 11 10.3±0.50 M
23 M 12 10 8 9 8 8 8.3±0.50 M
24 M 13 12 9 10 11 12 10.5±1.29 M
25 M 13 13 9 10 12 12 10.8±1.50 M
26 M 11 11 10 10 10 11 10.3±0.50 M
27 M 12 12 8 10 8 8 8.5±1.00 M
28 M 11 11 7 9 12 10 9.5±2.08 M
29 M 11 8 9 10 9 9 9.3±0.50 M
30 M 10 11 11 12 10 10 10.8±0.96 M
31 M 14 14 10 11 11 12 11.0±0.82 M
32 M 13 12 9 9 10 11 9.8±0.96 M
33 M 14 14 9 9 11 12 10.3±1.50 M
34 M 14 12 12 13 9 10 11.0±1.83 M
35 M 11 14 9 9 11 12 10.3±1.50 M
36 M 12 14 10 11 11 12 11.0±0.82 M
37 M 13 13 9 10 13 12 11.0±1.83 M
38 M 13 14 9 9 10 12 10.0±1.41 M
39 M 14 12 11 11 11 12 11.3±0.50 M
40 M 14 12 13 12 10 12 11.8±1.26 M
41 M 13 10 8 10 8 10 9.0±1.15 M
42 M 14 13 11 11 11 12 11.3±0.50 M
43 M 14 10 10 11 9 10 10.0±0.82 M
44 M 13 13 9 9 10 11 9.8±0.96 M
45 M 13 12 8 9 8 8 8.3±0.50 M
46 M 13 13 8 8 10 12 9.5±1.91 M
47 M 14 14 9 12 9 11 10.3±1.50 M
48 M 9 11 10 11 11 13 11.3±1.26 M
49 M 12 12 8 10 10 12 10.0±1.63 M
50 M 14 11 9 11 11 11 10.5±1.00 M
51 M 14 12 10 11 9 10 10.0±0.82 M
52 M 12 10 10 11 11 11 10.8±0.50 M
53 M 13 14 8 8 10 12 9.5±1.91 M
54 M 13 12 7 9 9 9 8.5±1.00 M
55 M 13 9 12 11 8 8 9.8±2.06 M
56 M 13 12 10 11 8 10 9.8±1.26 M
57 M 10 11 11 11 10 10 10.5±0.58 M
58 M 11 11 9 9 9 12 9.8±1.50 M
59 M 13 11 9 10 9 11 9.8±0.96 M
60 M 12 12 7 8 9 11 8.8±1.71 M
61 M 14 14 9 10 12 12 10.8±1.50 M
62 M 13 13 10 10 10 11 10.3±0.50 M
63 M 14 12 11 12 13 11 11.8±0.96 M
64 M 12 11 9 10 8 9 9.0±0.82 M
65 M 8 11 8 10 9 9 9.0±0.82 M
66 M 13 13 9 10 9 10 9.5±0.58 M
67 M 13 14 10 13 10 10 10.8±1.50 M
68 M 13 13 10 11 10 12 10.8±0.96 M
69 M 11 12 11 13 11 12 11.8±0.96 M
70 M 14 13 10 10 8 9 9.3±0.96 M
71 M 12 12 11 11 8 10 10.0±1.41 M
72 M 12 12 11 12 9 10 10.5±1.29 M
73 M 13 13 10 12 8 9 9.8±1.71 M
74 M 10 13 10 12 10 11 10.8±0.96 M
75 M 11 10 7 10 9 9 8.8±1.26 M
76 M 12 10 9 9 10 11 9.8±0.96 M
77 M 10 12 7 9 10 10 9.0±1.41 M
78 M 12 10 10 12 9 11 10.5±1.29 M
79 M 11 10 10 11 11 12 11.0±0.82 M
80 M 10 12 10 11 10 11 10.5±0.58 M
81 M 11 12 10 10 11 12 10.8±0.96 M
82 M 13 11 11 11 12 12 11.5±0.58 M
83 M 12 12 8 10 9 12 9.8±1.71 M
84 M 11 13 8 11 9 9 9.3±1.26 M
85 M 13 13 11 12 10 11 11.0±0.82 M
86 M 11 10 8 9 8 8 8.3±0.50 M
87 M 12 12 10 10 11 12 10.8±0.96 M
88 M 14 12 8 8 11 10 9.3±1.50 M
89 M 12 14 12 13 10 12 11.8±1.26 M
90 M 12 11 9 10 8 9 9.0±0.82 M
91 M 14 13 10 11 10 11 10.5±0.58 M
92 M 14 13 14 18 16 16 16.0±1.63 H
93 M 13 11 9 10 11 12 10.5±1.29 M
94 M 11 13 8 8 10 11 9.3±1.50 M
95 M 11 12 10 11 8 10 9.8±1.26 M
96 M 13 11 7 7 8 11 8.3±1.89 M
97 M 12 11 9 10 11 12 10.5±1.29 M
98 M 12 11 10 10 9 9 9.5±0.58 M
99 M 13 13 11 11 8 10 10.0±1.41 M
100 M 12 13 11 11 10 10 10.5±0.58 M
101 M 12 12 10 11 8 10 9.8±1.26 M
102 M 14 10 9 9 9 11 9.5±1.00 M
103 M 10 10 10 11 11 13 11.3±1.26 M
104 M 13 10 8 10 8 9 8.8±0.96 M
105 M 13 10 7 8 11 11 9.3±2.06 M
106 M 11 9 10 11 7 8 9.0±1.83 M
107 M 11 13 10 11 9 10 10.0±0.82 M
108 M 10 10 10 10 8 8 9.0±1.15 M
109 M 12 14 6 8 11 11 9.0±2.45 M
110 M 12 12 10 11 10 10 10.3±0.50 M
111 M 12 12 9 10 8 9 9.0±0.82 M
112 M 10 10 8 9 9 10 9.0±0.82 M
113 M 12 11 11 12 10 11 11.0±0.82 M
114 M 11 11 11 12 11 11 11.3±0.50 M
115 M 11 12 11 12 8 8 9.8±2.06 M
116 M 13 12 10 11 9 10 10.0±0.82 M
117 M 10 11 10 11 10 11 10.5±0.58 M
118 M 11 11 10 11 6 9 9.0±2.16 M
119 M 13 14 8 9 8 9 8.5±0.58 M
120 M 10 12 10 10 10 12 10.5±1.00 M
121 M 14 14 8 9 8 9 8.5±0.58 M
122 M 11 9 11 12 10 11 11.0±0.82 M
123 M 10 8 8 8 8 9 8.3±0.50 M
124 M 12 11 10 10 8 9 9.3±0.96 M
125 M 13 13 10 11 9 9 9.8±0.96 M
126 M 10 12 10 11 10 10 10.3±0.50 M
127 M 13 12 10 12 10 11 10.8±0.96 M
128 M 11 10 10 12 10 10 10.5±1.00 M
129 M 13 12 10 11 9 11 10.3±0.96 M
130 M 12 12 9 11 11 12 10.8±1.26 M
131 M 14 14 8 10 9 11 9.5±1.29 M
132 M 14 11 10 10 9 10 9.8±0.50 M
133 M 11 12 11 12 9 9 10.3±1.50 M
134 M 12 11 9 10 8 8 8.8±0.96 M
135 M 10 11 8 10 8 8 8.5±1.00 M
136 M 13 13 10 10 8 10 9.5±1.00 M
137 M 12 14 11 12 12 12 11.8±0.50 M
138 M 9 12 10 11 11 11 10.8±0.50 M
139 M 12 11 8 11 9 12 10.0±1.83 M
140 M 10 11 10 10 8 9 9.3±0.96 M
141 M 13 12 10 11 9 10 10.0±0.82 M
142 M 14 11 10 11 9 10 10.0±0.82 M
143 M 12 13 10 11 9 10 10.0±0.82 M
144 M 10 11 6 6 11 8 7.8±2.36 M
145 M 14 13 10 11 6 9 9.0±2.16 M
146 M 11 13 11 12 9 10 10.5±1.29 M
147 M 12 12 13 12 10 12 11.8±1.26 M
148 M 14 13 11 9 9 11 10.0±1.15 M
149 M 13 12 9 11 10 10 10.0±0.82 M
150 M 12 14 9 8 8 8 8.3±0.50 M
151 M 12 12 9 10 10 11 10.0±0.82 M
152 M 14 11 6 11 8 9 8.5±2.08 M
153 M 14 11 9 11 8 9 9.3±1.26 M
154 M 12 9 5 10 8 8 7.8±2.06 M
155 M 12 13 10 11 8 9 9.5±1.29 M
156 M 13 13 8 10 9 8 8.8±0.96 M
157 M 11 10 10 10 7 10 9.3±1.50 M
158 M 11 12 8 8 8 8 8.0±0.00 M
159 M 12 12 10 10 9 10 9.8±0.50 M
160 M 11 12 11 10 9 9 9.8±0.96 M
161 M 10 11 10 11 8 9 9.5±1.29 M
162 M 14 13 8 11 7 10 9.0±1.83 M
163 M 12 12 9 10 10 11 10.0±0.82 M
164 M 14 11 7 9 7 9 8.0±1.15 M
165 M 13 15 17 15 14 15 15.3±1.26 H
166 M 10 10 10 12 10 10 10.5±1.00 M
167 M 11 10 10 11 6 8 8.8±2.22 M
168 M 11 13 9 10 10 11 10.0±0.82 M
169 M 10 8 7 9 10 12 9.5±2.08 M
170 M 11 13 11 12 9 9 10.3±1.50 M
171 M 14 12 8 10 9 10 9.3±0.96 M
172 M 11 13 10 10 9 9 9.5±0.58 M
173 M 14 11 12 11 12 12 11.8±0.50 M
174 M 12 14 12 12 10 11 11.3±0.96 M
175 M 14 14 9 9 11 12 10.3±1.50 M
176 M 13 14 10 10 10 10 10.0±0.00 M
177 M 10 12 8 10 8 9 8.8±0.96 M
178 M 8 11 8 9 8 9 8.5±0.58 M
179 M 10 9 8 9 8 9 8.5±0.58 M
180 M 11 10 7 8 8 10 8.3±1.26 M
181 M 13 12 9 10 9 9 9.3±0.50 M
182 M 11 13 8 9 11 11 9.8±1.50 M
183 M 12 13 11 12 12 13 12.0±0.82 M
184 M 14 13 8 9 10 11 9.5±1.29 M
185 M 11 12 10 11 12 12 11.3±0.96 M
186 M 10 11 12 13 12 13 12.5±0.58 M
187 M 11 12 9 10 8 8 8.8±0.96 M
188 M 11 11 10 11 9 10 10.0±0.82 M
189 M 13 14 6 8 9 8 7.8±1.26 M
190 M 14 14 9 10 6 8 8.3±1.71 M
191 M 12 10 8 8 8 8 8.0±0.00 M
192 M 13 11 7 9 8 9 8.3±0.96 M
193 M 12 11 9 9 9 10 9.3±0.50 M
194 M 12 10 8 9 8 9 8.5±0.58 M
195 M 8 11 6 7 6 7 6.5±0.58 M
196 M 13 12 8 9 8 9 8.5±0.58 M
197 M 12 12 9 9 10 11 9.8±0.96 M
198 M 14 12 9 10 10 11 10.0±0.82 M
199 M 11 13 11 11 8 9 9.8±1.50 M
200 M 12 12 9 9 6 8 8.0±1.41 M
201 M 9 10 11 11 10 11 10.8±0.50 M
202 M 6 8 9 10 8 9 9.0±0.82 M
203 M 12 10 10 11 10 11 10.5±0.58 M
204 M 13 13 13 13 13 13 13.0±0.00 M
205 M 14 12 9 10 11 12 10.5±1.29 M
206 M 12 12 12 12 12 12 12.0±0.00 M
207 M 14 11 11 12 10 11 11.0±0.82 M
208 M 13 10 11 10 10 11 10.5±0.58 M
209 M 13 11 8 10 9 10 9.3±0.96 M
210 M 10 12 10 10 11 11 10.5±0.58 M
211 M 14 14 12 12 10 11 11.3±0.96 M
212 M 13 14 9 11 9 11 10.0±1.15 M
213 M 12 13 10 11 9 10 10.0±0.82 M
214 M 10 11 9 9 8 9 8.8±0.50 M
215 M 14 11 11 11 10 10 10.5±0.58 M
216 M 14 11 8 8 7 8 7.8±0.50 M
217 M 13 11 11 12 10 11 11.0±0.82 M
218 M 12 14 9 10 10 10 9.8±0.50 M
219 M 11 13 8 9 8 8 8.3±0.50 M
220 M 12 11 11 12 8 9 10.0±1.83 M
221 M 13 14 10 11 9 10 10.0±0.82 M
222 M 13 14 9 9 9 10 9.3±0.50 M
223 M 13 10 8 9 9 10 9.0±0.82 M
224 M 14 12 9 10 9 10 9.5±0.58 M
225 M 14 12 7 8 8 8 7.8±0.50 M
226 M 12 13 11 7 10 10 9.5±1.73 M
227 M 15 15 15 14 17 15 15.3±1.26 H
228 M 14 14 9 9 8 9 8.8±0.50 M
229 M 11 14 9 10 9 10 9.5±0.58 M
230 M 8 11 8 8 10 12 9.5±1.91 M
231 M 14 12 7 8 8 9 8.0±0.82 M
232 M 9 10 9 11 9 10 9.8±0.96 M
233 M 10 12 8 10 10 11 9.8±1.26 M
234 M 14 11 8 9 10 10 9.3±0.96 M
235 M 14 12 8 9 8 9 8.5±0.58 M
236 M 14 13 8 9 8 9 8.5±0.58 M
237 M 11 9 9 9 7 9 8.5±1.00 M
238 M 11 12 11 11 8 9 9.8±1.50 M
239 M 11 14 9 10 9 11 9.8±0.96 M
240 M 14 14 15 15 18 14 15.5±1.73 H
241 M 11 11 8 10 7 8 8.3±1.26 M
242 M 14 12 10 11 9 11 10.3±0.96 M
243 M 13 14 9 10 11 11 10.3±0.96 M
244 M 10 10 8 10 10 10 9.5±1.00 M
245 M 11 10 9 10 10 10 9.8±0.50 M
246 M 10 10 8 9 10 11 9.5±1.29 M
247 M 11 10 6 10 10 10 9.0±2.00 M
248 M 9 9 9 9 8 9 8.8±0.50 M
249 M 14 13 9 11 10 10 10.0±0.82 M
250 M 14 11 8 9 9 10 9.0±0.82 M
251 M 13 11 11 11 9 9 10.0±1.15 M
252 M 12 12 6 7 7 8 7.0±0.82 M
253 M 9 12 8 9 11 12 10.0±1.83 M
254 M 12 12 8 10 8 9 8.8±0.96 M
255 M 13 11 10 10 9 10 9.8±0.50 M
256 M 13 11 9 10 9 10 9.5±0.58 M
257 M 12 12 10 10 9 10 9.8±0.50 M
258 M 10 10 7 8 7 8 7.5±0.58 M
259 M 14 12 8 10 9 10 9.3±0.96 M
260 M 11 12 8 8 8 9 8.3±0.50 M
261 M 12 10 8 9 10 11 9.5±1.29 M
262 M 10 11 9 9 8 8 8.5±0.58 M
263 M 10 11 7 8 10 11 9.0±1.83 M
264 M 12 10 8 8 9 10 8.8±0.96 M
265 M 13 11 8 10 8 8 8.5±1.00 M
266 M 11 11 9 9 9 9 9.0±0.00 M
267 M 11 14 9 10 10 10 9.8±0.50 M
268 M 13 10 7 8 11 11 9.3±2.06 M
269 M 12 11 9 10 9 9 9.3±0.50 M
270 M 11 13 9 9 9 9 9.0±0.00 M
271 M 8 11 7 8 6 9 7.5±1.29 M
272 M 12 12 8 10 10 11 9.8±1.26 M
273 M 11 12 7 9 9 11 9.0±1.63 M
274 M 12 13 10 10 8 8 9.0±1.15 M
275 M 12 13 8 8 8 9 8.3±0.50 M
276 M 13 13 15 13 18 15 15.3±2.06 H
277 M 13 13 14 14 18 16 15.5±1.91 H
278 M 12 10 9 9 9 10 9.3±0.50 M
279 M 12 13 9 10 7 9 8.8±1.26 M
280 M 14 12 9 10 10 10 9.8±0.50 M
281 M 12 11 9 10 8 8 8.8±0.96 M
282 M 13 12 9 9 9 10 9.3±0.50 M

Table 1

Chi square analysis of segregating individuals in F2 and F3 population of J411×asd1"

世代
Generation		 表型
Phenotype		 观察值
Observed count
(O)		 期望值
Expected count
(E)		 (O-E)2/E χ2 P (df=1)
F2 退化表型 Degenerative phenotype 281 296 0.76 1.01 0.315
非退化表型Nondegenerative phenotype 902 887 0.25
合计 Total 1183 1183 1.01
F3 退化表型 Degenerative phenotype 276 296 1.35 3.15 0.076
非退化表型Nondegenerative phenotype 927 887 1.80
合计 Total 1183 1183 3.15

Table S2

SNPs between parents and bulks of J411×asd1"

染色体
Chr.		 SNP统计
Number of SNPs		 双亲间SNP
SNPs between parents		 F2子代SNP
SNPs between F2 bulks		 双亲与子代间综合SNP
SNPs between parents and bulks		 SNP分布
Distribution of SNPs
1A 713 445 184 34 均匀分布 Uniform distribution
1B 954 581 283 43 均匀分布 Uniform distribution
1D 478 368 111 29 均匀分布 Uniform distribution
2A 847 570 235 60 均匀分布 Uniform distribution
2B 1035 633 325 54 均匀分布 Uniform distribution
2D 768 542 232 39 均匀分布 Uniform distribution
3A 769 517 194 39 均匀分布 Uniform distribution
3B 1060 648 343 85 均匀分布 Uniform distribution
3D 567 389 191 39 均匀分布 Uniform distribution
4A 776 516 215 43 均匀分布 Uniform distribution
4B 600 395 171 36 均匀分布 Uniform distribution
4D 449 332 96 20 均匀分布 Uniform distribution
5A 764 499 195 34 均匀分布 Uniform distribution
5B 974 622 323 57 均匀分布 Uniform distribution
5D 557 392 135 37 均匀分布 Uniform distribution
6A 654 426 200 23 均匀分布 Uniform distribution
6B 1023 604 293 53 均匀分布 Uniform distribution
6D 429 314 104 39 均匀分布 Uniform distribution
7A 1089 681 370 87 富集于染色体短臂末端Enriched at the end of 7AS
7B 909 535 283 39 均匀分布 Uniform distribution
7D 762 581 151 42 均匀分布 Uniform distribution

Fig. 3

Major mutant gene of asd1 was located on chromosome 7AS (A) ED correlation. (B) SNPs in 0-60 Mb region of chromosome 7A."

Table S3

The sequence information of KASP markers"

标记
Marker		 正向引物
Forward primer (5′-3′)		 反向引物
Reverse primer (5′-3′)
SP1 TCCAGCAAGTTGTAATCTGCATG CTGACCGTCCGTCCCCTA
TCCAGCAAGTTGTAATCTGCATA
SP2 CAGTGTCCTCGAGCTGCG ATGGCAAAAACGTAACGACC
CAGTGTCCTCGAGCTGCA
SP3 CCGTGTGCATCGACAAGCTG TGGGACGTGAAAGTGGTCGT
CCGTGTGCATCGACAAGCTA
SP4 CCTGAGCAGTATCTTTCCATCTTT TCTGCCAAGACAAGAATGCA
CCTGAGCAGTATCTTTCCATCTTC
SPT82 GGTCTCGGACATGAGCTTCTCG CCGACGAGTTCATCTCCTCCT
GGTCTCGGACATGAGCTTCTCA
SP6 GTGAGGTCGCTGAACTTGC CCGGTACCTCATCGAGTACAG
GTGAGGTCGCTGAACTTGT
SP7 GCCCTAACCTCCCCTGGC CTTTGTGCGTGGCTGATG
GCCCTAACCTCCCCTGGT

Fig. 4

Genetic linkage map on chromosome 7A by KASP markers (A) genetic map of mutant gene, and the orange line represents the location of the predicted target gene. (B) LOD curve detected based on spikelet apical degeneration phenotype of J411×asd1 F2 population."

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