小麦生殖发育阶段对低温的敏感性鉴定

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2022.11045

Abstract

Abstract:

Spring freezing injury caused by the low temperature at the reproductive stage is one of the natural disasters that seriously threaten the safety of wheat production in China. Spring wheat cultivar Zhongmai 8444 was employed to accurately determine the correlation between low-temperature damage and the sensitive stages of plant development under the controlled condition. Yield loss and the symptoms of frostbite were observed when plants were treated with freezing stress during the spike differentiation stage. The results showed that the developmental leaf age is relevant to the young spike differentiation stage in wheat plants. In addition, the degree of frost damage to the stems and leaves of wheat plants increased with the decrease of temperature and the developmental processes. In contrast, the plant height, spike length, and seed setting rate declined with a decrease in temperature and developmental processes. The late double ridge phase (S2.25) to floret primordia differentiation phase (S3.5) and the anther connective tissue formation phase (S5) to stigma branches protuberance phase (S7) are the two stages that change significantly to low-temperature sensitivity during the young spike development. Based on the tolerance of stems, leaves, spikes, and other organs to low temperature, the meiotic stage can be used to comprehensively evaluate the resistance level of wheat to frost in spring.

Key words: wheat, reproductive development, sensitivity to low temperature, meiosis stage

WANG Juan, LIU Yi, YAO Dan-Yu, ZOU Jing-Wei, XIAO Shi-He, SUN Guo-Zhong. Identification on sensitivity of wheat to low temperature at reproductive stages[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2022, 48(7): 1721-1729.

Figures/Tables 6

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

Fig. 3

Fig. 4

Table 1

Table 2

Effects of low temperature stress on plant height, spike length, and seed-setting rate of wheat plants at different spike differentiation stages"

处理 Treatment	穗发育阶段 Differentiation stage of spike	温度 Temperature (℃)	株高 Plant height (cm)	降幅 Percentage of reduce (%)	穗长 Spike length (cm)	降幅Percentage of reduce	结实率 Seed-setting rate (%)	降幅 Percentage of reduce (%)
CK			45.01±2.47		5.60±0.28		65.45±4.92
T1	二棱末期 Late double ridge	0	44.36±1.74	1.44	5.33±0.68	4.82	64.62±9.93	1.27
		‒2.5	43.78±3.14	2.73	5.30±0.21	5.36	63.28±9.93	3.32
		‒3.5	42.98±2.22	4.51	4.53±0.30^**	19.11	56.55±6.83^*	13.60
T2	小花原基分化期 Floret primordum differentiation	0	44.16±2.26	1.89	5.32±0.34	5.00	60.18±7.17	8.05
		‒2.5	43.50±2.39	3.35	5.30±0.35	5.36	59.25±6.14	9.47
		‒3.5	38.30±2.61^**	14.91	4.48±0.66^**	20.00	48.57±4.22^**	25.79
T3	雌雄蕊原基分化期 Pistil and stamen primordum differentiation	0	43.80±2.97	2.69	5.35±0.32	4.46	58.34±2.91	10.86
		‒2.5	42.34±3.69	5.93	5.38±0.40	3.93	55.95±8.40	14.51
		‒3.5	36.07±4.15^**	19.86	4.13±0.58^**	26.25	44.02±6.52^**	32.74
T4	药隔期 Anther connective tissue formation	0	44.09±1.43	2.04	5.50±0.27	1.79	62.80±5.88	4.05
		‒2.5	44.08±3.01	2.07	5.36±0.40	4.29	56.19±10.98^*	14.15
		‒3.5	38.08±3.51^**	15.40	4.60±0.27^**	17.86	46.93±2.50^**	28.30
T5	柱头羽毛突起期 Stigmatic branches protuberance	0	43.68±1.82	2.95	5.47±0.35	2.32	62.38±6.57	3.00
		‒2.5	43.55±2.70	3.24	5.25±0.25	6.25	58.64±4.78	6.00
		‒3.5	33.82±8.57^**	24.86	5.06±0.52^**	9.64	50.81±12.14^**#	22.37
T6	柱头羽毛伸长期 Stigmatic branches elongating	0	44.18±2.20	1.84	5.50±0.37	1.79	61.89±7.79	5.44
		‒2.5	44.83±0.57	0.39	5.25±0.35	6.25	59.76±4.79	8.69
		‒3.5	29.50±4.24^**	34.46	5.10±0.28^**	8.93	49.30±8.44^**#	24.68
T7	柱头羽毛形成期 Stigmatic branches formation	0	42.30±2.50^*	6.00	5.19±0.43^*	7.32	57.36±10.63^*	12.36
		‒2.5	40.25±4.53^**	10.58	5.16±0.43^**	7.86	50.51±2.80^**	22.83
		‒3.5	30.10±0.43^**	33.11	4.97±0.32^**	11.25	46.53±3.92^**#	28.91

Table 2

References 35

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穗发育阶段 Developmental phase of spike	小麦植株冻害情况 Freezing damage of wheat plants
穗发育阶段 Developmental phase of spike	0℃	-2.5℃	-3.5℃
二棱末期 Late double ridge	无症状 No symptoms	无症状 No symptoms	新生叶片存活 Survival of new leaves
小花原基分化期 Floret primordia differentiation	无症状 No symptoms	基部叶呈现萎蔫、失绿 Lower leaves wilted and chlorosis	新生叶片存活 Survival of new leaves
雌雄蕊原基分化期 Pistil and stamen primordia differentiation	无症状 No symptoms	基部叶呈现萎蔫、失绿 Lower leaves wilted and chlorosis	新生叶片存活 Survival of new leaves
药隔期 Anther connective tissue formation	无症状 No symptoms	基部叶呈现萎蔫、失绿 Lower leaves wilted and chlorosis	新生叶片存活 Survival of new leaves
柱头羽毛突起期 Stigma branches protuberance	无症状 No symptoms	基部叶呈现萎蔫、失绿 Lower leaves wilted and chlorosis	主茎冻死率44% Freeze death rate of main stem is 44%
柱头羽毛伸长期 Stigma branches elongation	无症状 No symptoms	基部叶呈现萎蔫、失绿 Lower leaves wilted and chlorosis	主茎冻死率60% Freeze death rate of main stem is 60%
柱头羽毛形成期 Stigma branches formation	无症状 No symptoms	基部叶呈现萎蔫、失绿 Lower leaves wilted and chlorosis	主茎冻死率67% Freeze death rate of main stem is 67%

Identification on sensitivity of wheat to low temperature at reproductive stages

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