聚天门冬氨酸和壳聚糖复配剂对东北春谷光合生产特征及产量的调控效应

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2022.14224

Abstract

Abstract:

To investigate the regulation effect of polyaspartic acid-chitosan (PAC) on photosynthetic characteristics and yield of spring foxtail millet, this experiment was conducted using foxtail millet varieties of Zhangzagu 13 (Z13) and Huayougu 9 (H9) in Gongzhuling Experimental Station of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (43º29'55"N, 124º48'43"E) in 2020 and 2021. Conventional fertilization (CN) and PAC with fertilization (PN) treatments were set under six nitrogen fertilizer application levels of 0, 75, 112.5, 150, 225, and 337.5 kg hm^-2. The results showed that the photosynthetic rate, SPAD value and soluble protein content of flag leaf, net assimilation rate, leaf area duration, and crop growth rate of foxtail millet of two varieties increased first and then decreased with the increase of nitrogen application. PN could increase SPAD value and soluble protein content of flag leaf at post anthesis stage and photosynthetic rate of flag leaf at anthesis and mid-filling stage under the same nitrogen application level. Meanwhile, the net assimilation rate, leaf area duration, and crop growth rate of foxtail millet were also increased, which promoting the accumulation of population photosynthate. The increase effect of the items above was more significant under the low-middle nitrogen application levels of 75, 112.5, and 150 kg hm^-2. Compared with CN, the yield of Z13 increased by 11.24%-21.55% and 8.65%-14.22% in 2020 and 2021, respectively. The yield of H9 increased by 5.53%-15.75% and 10.43%-16.17% in 2020 and 2021, respectively, compared with CN. Correlation analysis indicated that the yield was significantly positively correlated with net assimilation rate, leaf area duration, crop growth rate, and photosynthetic rate. In conclusion, PAC combined with nitrogen fertilizer could increase the ability to photosynthesize and grain yield under the background of one-time basic fertilizer application, which could be an important technique for achieving high grain yield and efficiency in foxtail millet production in China.

Key words: foxtail millet, polyaspartic acid-chitosan, photosynthesis characteristics, yield, one-time basic fertilizer application

WANG Qi, XU Yan-Li, YAN Peng, DONG Hao-Sheng, ZHANG Wei, LU Lin, DONG Zhi-Qiang. Effects of polyaspartic acid-chitosan on photosynthesis characteristics and yield in spring foxtail millet[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2022, 48(11): 2840-2852.

Figures/Tables 10

Fig. 1

Table 1

Table 2

Effects of CN and PN treatments on yield and yield components of two foxtail millet varieties under different nitrogen application levels"

年份 Year	品种 Variety	施氮水平 Nitrogen application level	处理 Treatment	千粒重 1000-kernel weight (g)	穗数 ×10⁴ ears hm^-2	穗粒数 Kernels per ear	产量 Yield (kg hm^-2)
2020	Z13	N0	CN	3.01±0.01 a	54.04±7.64 d	2958.92±197.08 e	3961.28±666.41 e
			PN	3.20±0.02 a	49.73±11.39 d	3120.26±717.45 e	4492.38±47.10 e
		N1	CN	3.10±0.07 a	74.68±1.41 bcd	3336.44±64.81 de	5210.65±269.69 d
			PN	3.16±0.01 a	82.64±6.94 abc	4469.97±169.58 bc	5833.84±115.27 cd
		N2	CN	3.10±0.01 a	72.20±4.62 bcd	3219.22±139.57 de	5086.68±154.24 d
			PN	3.19±0.05 a	82.53±1.30 abc	4348.85±324.25 bc	6084.11±181.29 c
		N3	CN	3.11±0.04 a	88.94±0.05 ab	3808.47±97.49 cd	5704.99±228.11 cd
			PN	3.05±0.09 a	101.18±9.35 a	4149.58±300.65 bc	6346.00±251.15 bc
		N4	CN	3.08±0.05 a	82.30±1.93 abc	4352.51±289.94 bc	6221.06±45.78 bc
			PN	3.03±0.03 a	79.75±12.27 abc	4764.54±276.44 ab	7218.13±170.15 a
		N5	CN	3.04±0.06 a	61.31±2.88 cd	5171.64±121.91 a	5643.82±205.85 cd
			PN	3.14±0.02 a	82.43±14.50 abc	5337.16±278.97 a	6859.80±54.30 ab
	H9	N0	CN	2.77±0.06 a	42.90±2.77 c	3259.58±294.10 f	2841.87±266.10 e
			PN	2.87±0.04 a	44.07±1.39 c	3179.86±397.05 f	2665.03±576.40 e
		N1	CN	2.96±0.04 a	48.45±5.47 bc	3762.92±276.60 ef	4819.18±162.46 cd
			PN	2.77±0.17 a	47.30±1.45 bc	5627.07±483.28 abc	5102.19±41.82 bcd
		N2	CN	2.90±0.06 a	48.88±0.57 bc	3704.04±110.08 ef	4708.26±40.61 d
			PN	2.71±0.16 a	54.23±5.33 ab	5970.81±488.05 ab	5449.61±182.03 ab
		N3	CN	2.84±0.03 a	54.30±0.03 ab	4260.95±488.52 def	5191.22±319.75 bcd
			PN	2.93±0.03 a	61.75±0.00 a	4655.47±346.73 cde	5807.44±189.45 a
		N4	CN	2.87±0.05 a	49.42±0.35 bc	4304.03±28.78 def	5322.38±16.18 abc
			PN	2.71±0.05 a	48.76±1.11 bc	4989.91±134.54 bcd	5573.23±114.46 ab
		N5	CN	2.89±0.07 a	44.44±1.54 c	5634.94±224.43abc	5358.65±90.55 abc
			PN	2.82±0.06 a	47.29±1.36 bc	6178.41±152.83 a	5654.90±225.72 ab
2021	Z13	N0	CN	2.99±0.01 a	30.61±1.57 c	2795.47±25.62 f	4401.94±86.96 g
			PN	2.98±0.01 a	33.04±3.44 c	2804.69±30.94 f	4703.18±43.57 g
年份 Year	品种 Variety	施氮水平 Nitrogen application level	处理 Treatment	千粒重 1000-kernel weight (g)	穗数 ×10⁴ ears hm^-2	穗粒数 Kernels per ear	产量 Yield (kg hm^-2)
		N1	CN	2.98±0.01 a	53.96±3.92 b	3278.62±5.73 e	6058.60±144.94 f
			PN	2.76±0.00 d	61.47±1.48 ab	3806.51±18.85 d	6920.37±115.53 e
		N2	CN	2.84±0.02 bcd	54.09±0.17 b	3968.71±135.66 cd	6909.46±128.48 e
			PN	2.88±0.02 b	62.08±0.24 ab	4522.32±105.31 b	7528.52±220.42 cd
		N3	CN	2.80±0.05 cd	53.93±0.94 b	4405.35±315.60 bc	7431.84±166.51 cde
			PN	2.92±0.01ab	67.86±7.28 a	5082.53±216.23 a	8331.60±174.92 a
		N4	CN	2.79±0.03 cd	60.30±2.92 ab	3861.02±123.59 d	7554.17±154.64 cd
			PN	2.84±0.02 bcd	67.82±1.00 a	4373.39±92.35 bc	8207.58±116.12 ab
		N5	CN	2.84±0.05 bc	54.36±1.99 b	4448.14±100.82 b	7014.04±189.48 de
			PN	2.88±0.03 bc	53.83±2.00 b	4804.27±215.53 ab	7728.81±387.39 bc
	H9	N0	CN	2.78±0.04 a	31.55±3.44 e	2715.21±69.13 f	3394.46±321.84 e
			PN	2.77±0.05 ab	33.33±1.11 cde	2737.97±72.11 f	3451.73±92.78 e
		N1	CN	2.65±0.01 bc	43.06±1.81 ab	3253.50±14.89 e	4435.98±47.33 d
			PN	2.65±0.03 bc	47.33±3.67 a	3924.53±69.32 d	4900.02±42.41 bc
		N2	CN	2.72±0.04 abc	43.26±2.42 ab	3228.59±43.95 e	4582.70±157.50 cd
			PN	2.68±0.06 abc	46.69±3.12 a	3836.65±46.26 d	5323.72±45.71 b
		N3	CN	2.69±0.04 abc	41.50±1.97 abc	3701.82±56.01 d	5204.25±17.00 b
			PN	2.74±0.01 ab	44.32±0.50 ab	4406.01±109.46 c	5878.46±78.52 a
		N4	CN	2.67±0.00 abc	37.52±1.96 bcde	3848.09±126.56 d	4728.62±80.51 cd
			PN	2.72±0.03 abc	40.64±1.25 abcd	4575.28±86.38 c	5221.79±154.69 b
		N5	CN	2.62±0.05 c	32.37±2.72 de	5946.01±128.77 a	4590.14±171.44 d
			PN	2.72±0.03 abc	33.32±4.88 cde	5452.32±240.20 b	5244.53±216.27 b

Table 2

Table 3

Fig. 2

Fig. 3

Fig. 4

Fig. 5

Fig. 6

Table 4

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处理 Treatment	基施氮肥用量 Basic application amount of nitrogen (kg hm^-2)	处理 Treatment	基施氮肥用量 Basic application amount of nitrogen (kg hm^-2)	PASP含量 PASP content (‰)	CTS含量 CTS content (‰)
CN0	0	PN0	0	3	0.45
CN1	75.0	PN1	75.0	3	0.45
CN2	112.5	PN2	112.5	3	0.45
CN3	150.0	PN3	150.0	3	0.45
CN4	225.0	PN4	225.0	3	0.45
CN5	337.5	PN5	337.5	3	0.45

品种 Variety	施氮水平Nitrogen application level	处理Treatment	花期 Anthesis stage (μmol CO₂ m^-2 s^-1)	增幅 Growth rate (%)	灌浆中期 Mid-filling stage (μmol CO₂ m^-2 s^-1)	增幅 Growth rate (%)
Z13	N0	CN	21.57±0.82 e		14.83±0.19 g
		PN	21.80±0.72 e	1.07	15.10±0.32 g	1.82
	N1	CN	24.80±0.60 d		17.17±0.34 f
		PN	28.17±0.80 b	13.58	18.87±0.52 de	9.90
	N2	CN	25.77±0.35 cd		17.80±0.35 ef
		PN	30.47±0.63 a	18.24	19.17±0.43 cd	7.68
	N3	CN	27.00±0.32 bc		19.53±0.03 bcd
		PN	31.03±0.49 a	14.94	20.97±0.33 a	7.34
	N4	CN	26.50±0.06 bc		18.53±0.66 de
		PN	27.27±0.09 bc	2.89	20.33±0.55 abc	9.71
	N5	CN	26.70±0.40 bc		18.90±0.15 de
		PN	31.07±0.52 a	16.35	20.57±0.32 ab	8.82
H9	N0	CN	18.83±0.67 e		14.53±0.15 g
		PN	19.13±0.42 e	1.59	14.63±0.24 g	0.69
	N1	CN	20.37±0.39 de		15.13±0.30 fg
		PN	25.00±0.49 a	22.75	17.73±0.27 bc	17.18
	N2	CN	21.60±0.17 cd		15.67±0.23 f
		PN	25.37±0.22 a	17.44	18.67±0.23 ab	19.15
	N3	CN	22.33±0.47 bc		17.63±0.45 cd
		PN	25.80±1.09 a	15.52	19.17±0.27 a	8.70
	N4	CN	20.20±0.55 de		16.93±0.22 de
		PN	23.40±0.40 b	15.84	18.30±0.25 bc	8.07
	N5	CN	20.43±0.13 de		16.67±0.37 e
		PN	22.90±0.38 bc	12.07	18.33±0.09 bc	10.00

指标 Item	产量 Yield	净光合速率 Photosynthetic rate	净同化速率 Net assimilation rate	光合势 Leaf area duration	群体生长率 Crop growth rate	SPAD值 SPAD value	可溶性蛋白含量 Soluble protein content
产量 Yield	1.00
净光合速率 Photosynthetic rate	0.94^**	1.00
净同化速率 Net assimilation rate	0.59^**	0.53^**	1.00
光合势 Leaf area duration	0.77^**	0.78^**	0.08	1.00
群体生长率 Crop growth rate	0.95^**	0.91^**	0.52^**	0.85^**	1.00
SPAD值 SPAD value	0.39	0.50^*	-0.29	0.84^**	0.52^**	1.00
可溶性蛋白含量 Soluble protein content	0.90^**	0.90^**	0.36	0.88^**	0.92^**	0.67^**	1.00

Effects of polyaspartic acid-chitosan on photosynthesis characteristics and yield in spring foxtail millet

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